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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 45 (1997), S. 424-424 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In Heft HNO 5/97 erschien bereits der erste Teil (Überblick der geschichtlichen Entwicklung. Die zwei weiteren Beiträge folgen in den nächsten Heften. Dieses Editorial hat unter anderem den Zweck, den Leser auf die Folge dieser Beiträge aufmerksam zu machen, die zwar getrennt als vier einzelne Originalarbeiten erscheinen, im Grunde aber eine Einheit bilden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cellular immune system ; Liver ; Blood ; Lewis lung carcinoma ; Liver metastases ; Tumour necrosis factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the reaction of the cellular immune system of liver and blood in the C57BL/6 mouse to a metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma. The cellular immune system of the liver consists of mature and immature macrophages, B-cells, T-cells including their subpopulations, and natural killer cells, and their percentage frequencies differ significantly from those in the corresponding mononuclear blood cell (MBC) compartment. This suggests that the hepatic immune cells represent a system with autonomous function showing a typical homing of its members. Imminent metastasis to the liver is signalled by impressive alterations in the percentage frequencies of nonparenchymal liver cells (NPLC). There are a dramatic loss of mature macrophages, an increase in immature macrophages, a reduction of T-helper cells leading to a low CD4/CD8 ratio, and an increase in natural killer cells. In the blood, the corresponding precursor cells show comparable changes with a delay of at least 2 days. Early metastasis is accompanied by a significant increase in mononuclear NPLC producing tumour necrosis factor α. The alterations in percentage frequencies of the NPLC during tumour metastasis differ markedly from the changes in these cells in the liver during endotoxinaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 54 (1966), S. 813-832 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The activation energy of the ZnO + H2-reaction was determined with the aid of the thermogravimetric method and it was found that in flowing H2 with a water vapor content of pH 2 O ≦ 0.06 torr the latter is practically the same as the heat of vaporization of Zn under the same conditions. Increasing concentrations of water vapor raise the activation energy to around twice the value, possibly because of increase in the heat of desorption of the Zn vapor from the ZnO surface. It therefore appears that the speed of both processes is regulated by the speed at which the zinc volatilizes. Though the thermograms show a reaction of zero order, it could be proven that this is a peculiarity of the streaming system and that in reality a first order reaction is involved here. The speed of the reaction is independent of the flow rate of the hydrogen, of the particle size, the specific surface and the sample weight of the pulverulent zinc oxide, but dependent on the impurities of the zinc oxide, the geometric surface of the ZnO sample, and above all on the pH 2 O/H2 of the reducing gas. Several anomalies between theory and practice were cleared up and some relationships were pointed out between the various parameters. The initial reduction temperatures determined thermogravimetrically could be fitted into an equilibrium diagram calculated from the thermochemical data. With the aid of these values there is the possibility of measuring usable equilibrium temperatures and through them of obtaining the equilibrium constants of the reaction being discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé On a déterminé l'énergie d'activation de la réaction ZnO+H2 par thermogravimétrie et l'on a établi qu'elle était, dans le cas du passage d'un courant d'hydrogène de teneur en vapeur d'eau pH 2 O/H2 0,06 Torr, pratiquement exactement égale à la chaleur de vaporisation de Zn dans des conditions identiques. L'augmentation de la concentration en vapeur d'eau élève l'énergie d'activation d'environ du double, ce que l'on pouvait présumer en raison de l'augmentation de la chaleur de désorption de la vapeur de Zn de la surface de l'oxyde ZnO. Il apparaît ainsi que la vitesse des deux processus dépend de la vitesse de vaporisation de Zn. Si les thermogrammes montrent bien une réaction d'ordre zéro, il pourrait cependant se révéler que celle-ci soit une particularité du système sous courant gazeux et qu'il s'agisse en réalité d'une réaction du 1er ordre. La vitesse de la réaction est indépendante de celle du passage du courant d'hydrogène, de la dimension des particules, de la surface spécifique et de la valeur de prise d'essai de ZnO en poudre; elle dépend par contre des impuretés contenues dans l'oxyde ZnO, de la géométrie de la surface de l'échantillon ZnO et, en première ligne, de pH2/H2O du gaz réducteur. On a pu expliquer certaines anomalies entre la théorie et la pratique et interpréter des relations entre les divers paramètres. On peut classer les températures de début de réduction déterminées par thermogravimétrie sur le diagramme d'équilibre établi d'après les données thermochimiques. Il est possible, à l'aide de ces valeurs, de mesurer des températures d'équilibre utilisables et d'obtenir ainsi les constantes d'équilibre de la réaction en question.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der thermogravimetrischen Methode wurde die Aktivierungsenergie der ZnO + H2-Reaktion bestimmt und festgestellt, daß diese in strömendem H2 mit einem Wasserdampfgehalt von pH2O≦ 0.06 Torr praktisch gerade so groß ist, wie die Verdampfungswärme des Zn unter gleichen Bedingungen. Steigende Wasserdampfkonzentrationen erhöhen die Aktivierungsenergie etwa auf das Doppelte, vermutlich wegen Vergrößerung der Desorptionswärme des Zn-Dampfes von der ZnO-Oberfläche. Es scheint also, daß die Geschwindigkeit beider Vorgänge durch die Geschwindigkeit der Zn-Verdampfung bedingt wird. Zwar zeigen die Thermogramme eine Reaktion nullter Ordnung an, es konnte aber bewiesen werden, daß dies eine Eigenheit des strömenden Systems ist und daß es sich in Wirklichkeit um eine Reaktion erster Ordnung handelt. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit ist von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des H2, von der Teilchengröße, der spezifischen Oberfläche und der Einwaage des pulverförmigen ZnO unabhängig, aber von den Verunreinigungen des ZnO, von der geometrischen Oberfläche der ZnO-Probe und in erster Linie vom pH2O des reduzierenden Gases abhängig. Einige Anomalien zwischen Theorie und Praxis konnten geklärt und einige Zusammenhänge zwischen den verschiedenen Parametern gedeutet werden. Die thermogravimetrisch ermittelten Reduktionsanfangstemperaturen konnten in das aus thermochemischen Daten errechnete Gleichgewichtsdiagramm eingereiht werden. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, mit Hilfe dieser Werte brauchbare Gleichgewichtstemperaturen zu messen und dadurch die Gleichgewichtskonstanten der besprochenen Reaktion zu erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 54 (1966), S. 771-784 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Möglichkeit, Molybdän, Titan, Indium und Gallium mit Lösungen von Di-n-butylphosphat in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff bei verschiedenen Säurekonzentrationen zu extrahieren, wurde experimentell nachgewiesen. Die Extraktion von Peroxymolybdat und normalem Molybdat aus Salzsäure und Schwefelsäure mit Tri-n-butylphosphat wurde untersucht. Die maximale Extraktion von Indium und Gallium gelingt bei pH-Werten, bei denen sie als Hydroxide vorliegen. Eine spezifische Methode zur Abtrennung von Molybdän mit Di-n-butylphosphat und zur Mikrobestimmung mit Morin wurde beschrieben. Aus IR-Spektren ergibt sich, daß mit Molybdän nur Komplexe gebildet werden, in denen [Mo]/[HDBP]=1/4. Sechswertiges Mo liegt in dem extrahierten Komplex als MoO2 2+ vor; dessen Zusammensetzung entspricht der Formel (MoO2)(DBP)2 · 2 HDBP. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß nur Ti(DBP)4 gebildet werden kann, nicht aber ein Addukt aus Ti(DBP)4 und (HDBP)2. Mit Gallium und Indium lassen sich Komplexe vom Typus Me(OH)(3−n)·(DBP) n extrahieren.
    Abstract: Résumé On communique les données concernant la possibilité d'extraire le molybdène, le titane, l'indium et le gallium par le phosphate den-dibutyle dissous dans le tétrachlorure de carbone, pour différentes concentrations en acide. On a étudié l'extraction du peroxymolybdate et du molybdate normal par le phosphate den-tributyle dans l'acide chlorhydrique et sulfurique. L'extraction de l'indium et du gallium s'effectue avec une valeur maximale au pH correspondant au domaine d'existence de leurs hydroxydes. On décrit une méthode spécifique pour la séparation du molybdène par le phosphate den-dibutyle et pour son microdosage par le morin. Les spectres infrarouges mettent en évidence que, seuls, les complexes où [Mo]/[HDBP]=1/4 peuvent se former avec le molybdène. Le molybdène hexavalent se trouve sous forme de MoO2 2+ dans le complexe qui est extrait, (MoO2)(DBP)2· 2 HDBP. Il est probable que seul Ti(DBP)4 peut exister, et qu'il ne peut pas se former de produits d'addition de Ti(DBP)4 et (HDBP)2. On peut extraire des complexes de type Me(OH)in(3−n) · (DBP)(inn) avec le gallium et l'indium.
    Notes: Summary Data are given for the possibility of extracting molybdenum, titanium, indium and gallium with di-n-butyl phosphate dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, at various concentrations of acid. The extraction of peroxymolybdate and normal molybdate from hydrochloric and sulphuric acid with tri-n-butylphosphate was investigated. The extraction maxima of indium and gallium occur at pH's corresponding to the existence of their hydroxides. A specific method for the separation of molybdenum with di-n-butyl phosphate and for its micro-determination with morin are described. From the infrared spectra it is evident that with molybdenum, only complexes in which [Mo]/[HDBP]=1/4 can be formed. The hexavalent Mo is present as MoO2 2+ in the complex extracted, (MoO2) (DBP)2· 2 HDBP. It is probable that only Ti(DBP)4 can exist, and no adduct of Ti(DBP)4 and (HDBP)2 can form. With gallium and indium, complexes of the type Me(OH)(3−n)· (DBP) n can be extracted.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Centrifugal elutriation ; Mean corpuscular volume ; Glycosylated hemoglobin ; Reticulocyte count ; Red cell age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study was designed to determine the effect of anisocytosis on the association of MCV values with HbA1c and reticulocyte counts as markers of red cell age. Normo-, micro- and macrocytic samples, fractionated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation were studied. The previously described correlation between MCV and HbA1c was only observed in normal samples and in the middle fractions of samples with anisocytosis. At both extremes of the elutriation profile, curves for HbA1c content and reticulocyte count levelled out. Furthermore, in fractions containing the largest red cells of the microcytic series and the smallest red cells of normo- and macrocytic samples, reticulocyte count decreased while HbA1c content increased with increasing MCV. From these data it is concluded that MCV is not an absolute determinant of red cell age in case of anisocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 7 (1969), S. 314-322 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 2 cases of Fanconi's anaemia exhibiting chromosomal aberrations characteristic for this syndrome (spontaneous breaks, translocation figures, endomitoses) are described. In both cases the ATP-level, and in one the hexokinase activity were normal. An increased chromosomal breakage after addition of an alkylating agent, tetrametansulfonil-d-mannit to the peripheral blood cultures was shown. The increased breakage was thought to be caused by an altered structure of the chromosomes in this syndrome. We suggest that the increased breakage of the chromosomes is an important change in Fanconi's anaemia, which is responsible for the more frequent occurence of leukaemia and of other malignancies in these patients. In the heterozygotes we could not find any aberrations. In one of our cases we tried treatment with PHA i.v., but without success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Supportive care in cancer 3 (1995), S. 227-234 
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Psychotherapeutic interventions ; Cancer ; Patient ; Quality of life ; Survival ; Psychosocial skills ; Training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper is an unusual summary of my thoughts on the International Workshop on Psychotherapeutic Interventions in Cancer Patients in Flims, Switzerland, in 1995. Based upon virtual coffeebreak communications, I try to explain to my virtual partner how the idea of the workshop developed, how I came to select participants and experts, and why the workshop was tructured in such a specific way. Concerning the workshop itself I shall quote personal feedback statements from participants, drawing upon the impressions they took with them from demonstration workshops prepared by the leading experts in the field. During the workshop the impact of psychosocial interventions upon survival was critically evaluated, whereas it was unanimously agreed that the most important target of psychosocial interventions in cancer patients is the improvement in quality of life. After the workshop I personally decided to enhance my professional engagement in the area of helping clinical oncologists and nurses to improve on the psychosocial skills they need in caring for cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 899-901 
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: bad news ; communication skills ; oncology ; patient information
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 54 (1998), S. 815-824 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: oxygen indexes ; structure ; thermoanalysis ; β-tungsten ; WO3reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present work was to provide arguments to the almost ‘hystorical’ problem of what β-tungsten is. WO3was reduced in dry H2gas atmosphere in order to examine, whether β-tungsten formed in such a way contains oxygen as part of the lattice described as WxO (e.g. W20O) or is a pure metallic phase of tungsten. As a result of thermoanalytical measurements and of chemical analysis for oxygen, the assumption is supported that in the 600-800°C temperature range of metal formation not the WxO (β-W)→W(α-W) transformation but the β-W→α-W structural rearrangement of materials with identical chemical composition is the most probable process. The earlier opinion that the formation of the β-W structure requires the presence of oxygen atoms was not verified by our results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Supportive care in cancer 3 (1995), S. 270-271 
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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