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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new force controlled atomic force microscope for use in ultrahigh vacuum (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2281-2285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We introduce a magnetic force controlled atomic force microscope (AFM) and point contact probe for use in ultrahigh vacuum and describe how our technique can significantly enhance the current capabilities of scanning probe microscopes. The instrument is specially designed to provide quantitative information on the nature of the tip-surface interaction. Forces are applied directly to magnetic material deposited behind the AFM tip via a current carrying coil. Oscillating the applied force and measuring the resulting displacement amplitude gives a continuous measurement of the absolute force gradient or contact stiffness. From this measurement the contact area or effective interaction area can be calculated for clean surfaces, thus eliminating the problems of unknown resolution and also facilitating the study of conduction and mechanical properties of small volumes. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147047
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compensation centers in ZnSeTe (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5993-5999 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), Rutherford-backscattering ion channeling, and particle induced x-ray emission channeling (PIXE/C) measurements have been performed in order to investigate compensation centers in Cl doped ZnSeTe. The EXAFS results from Cl doped ZnSeTe suggest that almost all Cl atoms are incorporated into substitutional Se lattice sites, which seems to indicate that Cl atoms themselves are not responsible for the compensation centers. The PIXE/C angular profiles were measured across the 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉 axes for undoped ZnSeTe. Comparing the angular profiles for Zn Kα, Se Kα, and Te Lα x-ray yields, it was found that some portion of the Te atoms (∼1020 cm−3) are located at tetrahedral interstitial sites. From these results, the difficulty of realizing n-type ZnSeTe is considered to be due to the existence of the interstitial Te atoms which act as acceptors. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371645
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High aspect ratio micromachining Teflon by direct exposure to synchrotron radiation (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 872-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Micromachining Teflon was achieved by direct exposure to synchrotron radiation and the microstructures made had the smallest surface detail down to 20 μm with structural height of more than 200 μm, that is, aspect ratio on the order of 10. The quality of micromachining Teflon by this process was found to be critically dependent on photon flux of the synchrotron radiation. Analysis of the mass distribution of gaseous species formed upon this process suggested that photochemical processes rather than pyrolytic processes may still dominate. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115533
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial physics achievements of large helical device experiments : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1843-1850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Large Helical Device (LHD) experiments [O. Motojima, et al., Proceedings, 16th Conference on Fusion Energy, Montreal, 1996 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1997), Vol. 3, p. 437] have started this year after a successful eight-year construction and test period of the fully superconducting facility. LHD investigates a variety of physics issues on large scale heliotron plasmas (R=3.9 m, a=0.6 m), which stimulates efforts to explore currentless and disruption-free steady plasmas under an optimized configuration. A magnetic field mapping has demonstrated the nested and healthy structure of magnetic surfaces, which indicates the successful completion of the physical design and the effectiveness of engineering quality control during the fabrication. Heating by 3 MW of neutral beam injection (NBI) has produced plasmas with a fusion triple product of 8×1018 keV m−3 s at a magnetic field of 1.5 T. An electron temperature of 1.5 keV and an ion temperature of 1.4 keV have been achieved. The maximum stored energy has reached 0.22 MJ, which corresponds to 〈β〉=0.7%, with neither unexpected confinement deterioration nor visible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) instabilities. Energy confinement times, reaching 0.17 s at the maximum, have shown a trend similar to the present scaling law derived from the existing medium sized helical devices, but enhanced by 50%. The knowledge on transport, MHD, divertor, and long pulse operation, etc., are now rapidly increasing, which implies the successful progress of physics experiments on helical currentless-toroidal plasmas. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873443
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long pulse experiments on the Advanced Toroidal Facility (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2435-2439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) [Fusion Technol. 10, 179 (1986)] is the world's largest stellarator. It was designed and built to demonstrate high beta, steady-state operation in a toroidal confinement system. During its final operating period ATF achieved pulse lengths of over one hour (4667 s). The objectives of these experiments were (1) investigation of plasma performance at times that are long compared to the plasma/wall equilibrium time; (2) determination of plasma control and wall conditioning techniques; and (3) adaptation of plasma diagnostic and data acquisition systems to long-pulse operation. Other experiments have also extended earlier studies of dimensionless-parameter plasma confinement scaling. By employing two discrete electron cyclotron heating (ECH) frequencies (28 and 35 GHz), and by simultaneously modulating the ECH power, magnetic field, and plasma density, it has been possible to maintain fixed plasma beta and collisionality while modulating the normalized gyroradius. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871267
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning near-field optical microscope using an atomic force microscope cantilever with integrated photodiode (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 579-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combined atomic force and scanning near-field optical microscope is presented. The critical component of the instrument is a single crystal silicon, microfabricated force-sensing cantilever with an integrated photodiode. Near-field optical images are obtained by monitoring variations in the optical power detected by the photodiode while the cantilever tip is scanned in an evanescent optical field created by illuminating the sample by total internal reflection. Near-field optical power was detected at tip-sample spacings of one-quarter wavelength. Atomic force and scanning near-field optical microscope images of the same samples show corresponding features as small as 25 nm. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116504
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highlights of Pharmacology in Japan (1961)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 1 (1961), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.01.040161.000255
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinnervation in the canine periodontal ligament of replanted teeth using an antibody to protein gene product 9.5: an immunohistochemical study (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The re-innervation process in the periodontal ligament of replanted canine teeth was examined by immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), a general marker for neurons, and by electron microscopy. Within 1 week of replantation, the periodontal fibers had regenerated, filling the narrow spaces between the alveolar bone and the root surface around the cervical and apical regions. Near the root apex, however, no PGP 9.5-im-munopositive nerve fibers were found in the regenerated periodontal ligament except for those in the alveolar half of the ligament. At 2 weeks after replantation, many nerve fibers positive for PGP 9.5 had ascended the periodontal ligament from the thick nerve bundles located near the root apex. Fine nerve endings showing complicated ramification were also present in the apical region. By 3 or 4 weeks after replantation, the vascular network was regenerated and principal periodontal fibers were re-established throughout the entire length of the periodontal ligament. The extensively ramified PGP 9.5-immunopositive structures had increased in thickness and density and showed characteristic treelike profiles by 3 weeks. Electron microscopy confirmed that most of these structures were Ruffini-like endings, and demonstrated that such nerve terminals were almost regenerated by 4 weeks post-replantation. These results indicated that, in the periodontal ligament of replanted canine teeth, the regeneration of the nerve fibers including mechanosensory receptors first showed signs of regeneration by 2 weeks following tooth replantation and proceeded rapidly thereafter. Regeneration of the periodontal ligament including fiber architecture as well as vascular and neural elements was almost complete by 4 weeks after replantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1999.tb00778.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophil chemotaxis by chemokines: a study by a simple photometric assay (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The effects of a panel of 15 chemokines on eosinophil chemotaxis were studied by a new photometric assay which is both less tedious and less laborious than the conventional manual counting methods. Approximately 40 chemokines have been identified to date, but there is little information on the eosinophil migration-inducing ability of chemokines other than CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 3 ligands. Methods: Eosinophil migration was measured by the Boyden chamber technique with a 96-well multiwell chamber and polycarbonate membrane filter. Eosinophil migration was assessed by determination of the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity, and photometric measurement was performed with a microtiter plate reader. Results: The assay was sensitive enough to detect 200 eosinophils, and the time required was within 4 h. CCR3 ligands, i.e., regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3, induced significant migration, while other chemokines showed no significant migration-inducing ability. Although the chemotaxis induction by these chemokines was efficiently inhibited by anti-CCR3 mAb, anti-CCR1 mAb failed to show any inhibitory effects. Conclusions: The photometric assay is suitable for analyzing a large number of samples. CCR3 ligands are the most important chemokines inducing eosinophil chemotaxis; thus, CCR3 represents a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00184.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of eosinophil isolation by different procedures of CD 16-negative depletion (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eosinophils were isolated by the three methods of CD16-negative depletion: 1) magnetic beads, 2) fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), and 3) complement reaction. Their purity, yield, and viability were compared. The second procedure produced well purity and viability (94.65 ± 1.51% and 94.98 ± 1.40%, respectively) but low yield of eosinophils (65.47 ± 2.47%). The viability of cells obtained by the third procedure was not efficient (80.83 ± 2.85%), while the purity and the yield were efficient (96.23 ± 1.09% and 90.75 ± 1.72%, respectively). In conclusion, the magnetic beads method (purity: 98.02 ± 0.45%, yield: 91.05 ± 2.43%, viability: 97.57 ± 0.37%) was the most advantageous of these three procedures. Moreover, in the functional assay, radical oxygen products from eosinophils isolated by the procedure with complement reaction were less than with the magnetic beads or FACS procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02477.x
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