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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phospholipases of the membrane fraction of Mycobacterium phlei
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 176 (1969), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2760(69)90079-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airway epithelial cells promote transmigration of eosinophils in a new three-dimensional chemotaxis model (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Prominent infiltration of eosinophils in airway mucosa is the pathognomonic sign of asthma. The role of airway epithelial cells in eosinophil infiltration, however, has not been fully elucidated.Objective The aim of this study is to develop a new in vitro transmigration system composed of airway epithelial cells and extracellular matrix, and to investigate the role of airway epithelial cells in eosinophil infiltration.Methods A layer of type I collagen gel was formed in Netwell™, and BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were cultured on the gel. Then the wells covered with epithelial monolayer were filled with medium, inverted, and new upper chambers were constructed on the gel side by applying a ring cap. After further incubation with or without exogenous cytokines for 48 h, eosinophils or neutrophils were loaded in upper chambers (the gel side) and cells transmigrated to lower chambers (the epithelial cell side) were counted. Immunohistochemical analyses were also performed.Results While a simple collagen gel hardly promoted eosinophil migration even in the presence of eotaxin or RANTES, significant numbers of eosinophils migrated to lower chambers in the presence of the epithelial cells. Replacement of medium in the lower chamber (the epithelial cell side) with fresh medium, addition of exogenous eotaxin or RANTES in the upper chamber (the gel side), or pre-treatment of eosinophils with anti-CCR3 all inhibited transmigration. We found that the epithelial cells produced and deposited extracellular matrix proteins such as type IV collagen onto the type I collagen gel. Separately, we found that type IV collagen itself was capable of enhancing eotaxin-induced eosinophil migration in a standard chemotaxis assay. Neutrophils also efficiently migrated in the present transmigration system. Pre-treatment of epithelial cells with TNF-α and IL-4 enhanced eosinophil transmigration, while that of neutrophils was enhanced by TNF-α but suppressed by IL-4.Conclusion By utilizing a new in vitro transmigration system mimicking the airway mucosa, we have demonstrated that airway epithelial cells play an essential role in transmigration of eosinophils and that multiple factors such as chemokines, extracellular matrix proteins and exogenous inflammatory cytokines are involved in efficient transmigration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01362.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of tetra-spans transmembrane family (CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, CD81 and CD82) in normal and neoplastic human keratinocytes: an association of CD9 with α3β1 integrin (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 137 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tetra-spans transmembrane family (TSTF) members (CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, CD81 and CD82) have potent effects on cell growth, motility and adhesion in various cells. However, little is known about their expression in human skin. Using immunohistological techniques, we have studied the localization of all six members of TSTF in normal and carcinomatous human keratinocytes. CD9, CD81 and CD82 were expressed in the entire living layers of the epidermis. Their staining pattern was quite similar, and was mainly intercellular with occasional intracellular immunoreactivity. CD53 expression was confined to the intercellular spaces of the upper spinous or granular layer in the normal epidermis. No clear-cut expression of CD63 could be detected in the epidermis. CD37 was not detected at all. Cultured human keratinocytes also expressed CD9, CD81 and CD82 at the surface membrane of cell-cell boundaries. Expression of CD37 and CD53 was negative in cultured keratinocyte, while CD63 was clearly localized in the cytoplasmic lysosomes. An immunoprecipitation assay revealed that α3β1 integrin is molecularly associated with CD9. The expression of CD9, CD81 and CD82 was markedly down-regulated in basal cell carcinoma but not in Bowen's disease. The abundant and differential expression of TSTF molecules and the selective association of CD9 with α3β1 integrin suggest that the TSTF molecules may be involved in the regulation of epidermal differentiation and integrity in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.19782088.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase memory effect and deep levels in photoconducting thin films
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thin Solid Films 58 (1979), S. 35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-6090
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040-6090(79)90203-7
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased levels of a TH2-type CC chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in serum and induced sputum of asthmatics (2002)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Cytokines liberated by TH2 cells play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Recent studies have demonstrated that CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4 is preferentially expressed by TH2 cells. These facts suggest possible involvement of two CCR4-specific ligands i.e., thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma via recruitment of TH2 cells to inflammatory sites. We investigated the levels of TARC and MDC in the serum and induced sputum of asthmatics. Methods: The levels of TARC in the serum (46 asthmatics and 26 healthy subjects) and induced sputum (30 asthmatics and 6 healthy subjects) were measured using a highly sensitive ELISA system. The levels of eotaxin and MDC were also measured by ELISA. Results: TARC, but not MDC, was significantly increased in asthmatic sera (P〈0.001). Although MDC was undetectable in the sputum of most cases by our assay system, sputum TARC was significantly increased (P=0.027). Conclusions: The elevated TARC levels in asthmatics might be involved in the pathophysiology of asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.1s3256.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophil chemotaxis by chemokines: a study by a simple photometric assay (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The effects of a panel of 15 chemokines on eosinophil chemotaxis were studied by a new photometric assay which is both less tedious and less laborious than the conventional manual counting methods. Approximately 40 chemokines have been identified to date, but there is little information on the eosinophil migration-inducing ability of chemokines other than CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 3 ligands. Methods: Eosinophil migration was measured by the Boyden chamber technique with a 96-well multiwell chamber and polycarbonate membrane filter. Eosinophil migration was assessed by determination of the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity, and photometric measurement was performed with a microtiter plate reader. Results: The assay was sensitive enough to detect 200 eosinophils, and the time required was within 4 h. CCR3 ligands, i.e., regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3, induced significant migration, while other chemokines showed no significant migration-inducing ability. Although the chemotaxis induction by these chemokines was efficiently inhibited by anti-CCR3 mAb, anti-CCR1 mAb failed to show any inhibitory effects. Conclusions: The photometric assay is suitable for analyzing a large number of samples. CCR3 ligands are the most important chemokines inducing eosinophil chemotaxis; thus, CCR3 represents a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00184.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for endocytosis-independent infection by human rotavirus (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 97 (1987), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of five lysosomotropic drugs (NH4Cl, chloroquine, methylamine, amantadine and dansylcadaverine) and cytochalasin B on human rotavirus (HRV KUN strain) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV Indiana strain) infection in monkey MA 104 cells were examined. These drugs had little effect on HRV yield but greatly reduced VSV yield. The results strongly suggest that HRV does not require endocytotic activity and intracellular acidic vesicles for the initial stage of infection and support our postulate that HRV enters the target cell by direct penetration of its nucleoid through the cell membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01310737
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus variants that are resistant to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 2481-2492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) act quite specifically on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In general, they are not effective on human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Only SIV strains from African green monkeys are sensitive to several NNRTIs. Here we isolated NNRTI- and 3TC-resistant SIVagm variants. Viruses resistant to delavirdine contained V112I and M231I substitutions, while those resistant to 3TC contained a M185I substitution. These amino acids are highly conserved in HIV-1, HIV-2, SIVmac and SIVagm, and the M184I (M185I in SIVagm) substitution was observed in 3TC-resistant HIV-1 and SIVmac. The roles of the observed mutations in NNRTI-resistance of SIVagm and HIV-1 were further confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The present results have provided a new insight into the common mechanism of sensitivity of HIV-1 and SIVagm to NNRTIs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050070003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical properties of the lipid phase of membranes from cultured animal cells (1974)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 2 (1974), S. 593-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: ESR analysis of membranes from cultured animal cells reveals a more complex lipid phase behavior than that displayed by ideal binary lipid systems. When endoplasmic reticulum membranes from LM cells are spin labeled with a nitroxide derivative of decane, 5N10, and scanned by ESR at 1° C-intervals, the partitioning of 5N10 between the hydrocarbon and aqueous portions of the membrane suspension undergoes thermotropic changes at characteristic temperatures of 9°, 16°, 22°, 32°, and 38° C. Lipids extracted from these same membranes, however, exhibit only two characteristic temperatures, 16° and 35° C, and in this respect resemble binary lipid systems. The phase behavior of lipids in animal cell membranes is suggestive of an organized distribution of lipid which is disrupted by extraction. In support of this, mathematical treatment of the partitioning data indicates that four of these characteristic temperatures can define the boundaries (i.e., the t1 and th ) of two independent phase transitions in endoplasmic reticulum membranes. These results are similar to those of a physical treatment of data from plasma membranes of both mouse and chick cells in which the two monolayers appear to exist as independent physical entities with different physical properties. The most probable phase boundaries for the two monolayers of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes studied here are 16° and 32° C for one monolayer and 22° and 38° C for the other.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400020507
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