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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of mouse macrophages by in vivo and in vitro treatment with a cyanine dye, lumin
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 13 (1992), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; cyanine dye ; immunopotentiation ; macrophage activation ; mouse macrophages. ; phagocytosis ; photosensitizer
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1011-1344(92)85069-7
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of the X gene product of simian T-cell leukemia virus
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 196 (1986), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Simian T-cell leukemia virus HTLV-I X region Gene product
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(86)80267-8
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative immunofluorescent studies on measles, canine distemper, and rinderpest viruses (1970)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 29 (1970), S. 90-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of specific antigens of measles, canine distemper and rinderpest viruses in Vero cells was examined by fluorescent antibody (FA) techniques. Intracellular and extracellular virus antigens were demonstrated by FA staining of fixed cells and unfixed living cells, respectively. All the three viruses showed the same pattern of development of specific antigens in the same host cells. Both V and S antigens were considered to be synthesized exclusively in the cytoplasm. The antigenic correlation among the three viruses was also studied by cross FA staining of both fixed and unfixed samples. A significant correlation among them was more clearly demonstrated by FA technique than in virus neutralization, HI, or CF tests. The similarity in the structures of V antigens as well as S antigens among the three viruses is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253884
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fas antigen expression and apoptosis of lymphocytes in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 717-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  To investigate the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of HIV infection we used macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) as a primate model and examined the characteristics of the apoptosis of lymphocytes in SIV mac-infected macaques. In vitro apoptosis was more strongly induced in peripheral blood mononcuclear cells (PBMC) from SIV mac239- infected macaques than those from uninfected controls. We found that the frequency of Fas antigen-positive cells was higher in PBMC from SIV mac-infected macaques than from uninfected controls, and in vitro apoptosis of PBMC was suppressed by an inhibitor of the interleukin-lβ converting enzyme (ICE) family proteases. In biopsied lymph nodes, the number of apoptotic nuclei in T cell-dependent areas was higher in SIVmac-infected macaques than in unifected controls. A higher number of apoptotic nuclei in lymph nodes of SIVmac-infected macaques was observed in the stage of persisent general lymphadenopathy than in those with AIDS-related complex, while there was no significant difference in the extent of apoptosis of cultured PBMC among the SIVmac-infected macaques. These results suggest that in vitro apoptosis is mediated by the Fas/Fas ligand and ICE system and that apoptosis in lymph nodes may be more closely related to the stage of SIVmac infection than is that of cultured PBMC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050325
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental infection of cynomolgus monkeys with a human retrovirus, adult T-cell leukemia virus (1984)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 173 (1984), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The experimental infection of six cynomolgus monkeys with adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) was attempted. Three animals were inoculated with living MT-2 cells and three with cell-free ATLV. All animals developed an antibody response to virus-specific glycopolypeptides and viral core polypeptides. ATLV-specific antigens appeared in peripheral lymphocytes from all six animals. Virus expression persisted in all animals. Up to 40 weeks after inoculation no animal developed any symptom of leukemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02123570
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restriction of viral population by intravaginal infection of simian immunodeficiency viruses in macaque monkeys (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 37-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. In order to examine whether the viral population is affected by intramucosal transmission, we analyzed the viral genotypes first detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after intravaginal inoculation, before virus antibodies were detectable, and compared them with those in the inoculum. Three female cynomolgus macaques were inoculated intravaginally and a fourth was inoculated intravenously with polyclonal simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVmac32H). The provirus genomes which first appeared in PBMC were sequenced in the V1 to V2 region of the SIV envelope gene. A comparison of the sequences obtained from each monkey revealed a homogeneous or heterogeneous viral population depending on the infection route. In the intravenously inoculated monkey, the viral population was heterogenous and was similar to that in the virus inoculum. On the other hand, in the intravaginally inoculated monkeys, single genotypes (in two monkeys) and one genotype with a slight variation (in one monkey) were found, but they were different from each other, having no characteristic sequences in the V1 to V2 region in common. None of the genotypes found in the PBMC were major genotypes in the virus inoculum. These results suggest that some selective mechanism, which differs among individuals, restricts the viral population during mucosal transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050057
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus variants that are resistant to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 2481-2492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) act quite specifically on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In general, they are not effective on human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Only SIV strains from African green monkeys are sensitive to several NNRTIs. Here we isolated NNRTI- and 3TC-resistant SIVagm variants. Viruses resistant to delavirdine contained V112I and M231I substitutions, while those resistant to 3TC contained a M185I substitution. These amino acids are highly conserved in HIV-1, HIV-2, SIVmac and SIVagm, and the M184I (M185I in SIVagm) substitution was observed in 3TC-resistant HIV-1 and SIVmac. The roles of the observed mutations in NNRTI-resistance of SIVagm and HIV-1 were further confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The present results have provided a new insight into the common mechanism of sensitivity of HIV-1 and SIVagm to NNRTIs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050070003
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of measles virus in continuous cell lines derived from the nervous tissues of human and rat (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 61 (1979), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Growth of two measles virus strains, the TYCSA and CAM, was compared in three continuous cell lines derived from the nervous tissues, human neuroblastoma IMR-32, human glioma 118MGC, and rat glioma C-6. The two human neural cells were shown to support the growth of both measles virus strains as efficiently as in the non-neural Vero cells. Different types of cytopathic effect (CPE) between the two virus strains were noticed in IMR-32 cells; the CAM strain induced strand-forming type CPE and the TYCSA strain giant-cell type CPE. As a difference of growth pattern between IMR-32 and 118MGC cells, virus antigen was demonstrated in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of 118MGC cells whereas virus antigen was present only in the cytoplasm of IMR-32 cells. In contrast to the productive infection in human neural cells, growth of both virus strains was restricted in rat glioma C-6 cells without showing CPE although the prolonged presence of virus antigens was demonstrated by the immunofluorescent technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320596
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from an African mandrill (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 125 (1992), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We constructed an infectious molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus from an African mandrill (SIVMND). Upon transfection, this clone directed the production of progeny virus particles infectious to and cytopathic for CD4+ human leukemia cells. Thirteen frameshift proviral mutants with an alteration in the eight open reading frames of SIVMND were generated by recombinant DNA techniques, and were analyzed biologically and biochemically. While mutations in the structural genesgag, pol, andenv abolished viral growth and induction of cytopathology, mutants of thevif, vpr, andnef genes were fully biologically active. Of thetat andrev mutants, only onerev mutant grew in CD4+ cells with delayed kinetics. In reporter-based transient expression systems, transactivation potentials of thetat andrev mutants were evaluated. A mutant lacking 2nd coding exon oftat gene exhibitedtat activity similar to that of the wild type clone. The infectiousrev mutant was partially defective forrev gene activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309624
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity of HIV-1 group M from Cameroon and Republic of Congo (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 2291-2311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  We analyzed 57 HIV-1 isolates from Cameroon and the Republic of Congo, with respect to the env C2V3 and/or the pol integrase regions. The results indicated that the topology of the pol tree correlated well with that of the env tree for four clusters of subtype D, F G and H, suggesting that these trees reflect the true evolution of the overall genome structures of these subtypes. However, of 22 Cameroonian isolates that were classified as subtype A based on env, 20 of them diverged in their pol sequence into two lineages that were completely different from the prototypical subtype A, tentatively designated as subtypes A1 and A2. The subtype A1 isolates (6 out of 22) were related in their env C2V3 regions with prototypical subtype A strain, but in their pol regions, they formed an independent cluster that diverged from known HIV-1 subtypes so far reported (except for subtypes I and J). The subtype A2 isolates (14 out of 22), which represent the major epidemic type of HIV-1 in Cameroon, clustered distinctly in both the env and pol trees with the recently described A/G mosaic strains from Nigeria and Djibouti. These two lineages were not spreading in the neighboring Republic of Congo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050645
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