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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Mitochondria ; Ribosomal RNA ; RNA editing ; Polycistronic transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Northern analyses and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments were performed on total RNA of Dictyostelium discoideum. The mitochondrial genes encoding the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU), cytochrome b (CYTB) and subunit 3 of the NADH dehydrogenase (ND3) were found to be co-transcribed. Further post-transcriptional processing resulted in a dicistronic transcript for CYTB and ND3, and a monocistronic SSU transcript. Markedly higher steady state transcript levels were detected for the mature SSU ribosomal RNA. A comparison of the SSU cDNA sequence with the mitochondrial DNA sequence of the SSU gene revealed C-to-U substitutional editing of the SSU ribosomal RNA at a single site, as a consequence of which the cDNA contained a PvuII site not present in the genomic DNA. The editing was shown to be highly efficient and to occur in the primary transcript before the release of the mature mRNA, rRNA and tRNAs. It is suggested that the editing may be required for normal pseudoknot formation in the 530 loop of the RNA and thus is important for efficient, accurate translation in the mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 1999-2011 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: At the Rijnhuizen tokamak project a double pulse multiposition Thomson scattering diagnostic has been operational since 1996. It has been installed for the study of small scale structures in electron temperature (Te) and density (ne). This diagnostic measures Te and ne with high spatial resolution (3 mm full width at half maximum, i.e., 2% of the minor radius) and high accuracy (3%–4% of Te and 2%–3% of ne in the range of 50 eV–6 keV and ne=5×1019 m−3.) In this article an extensive error analysis is performed on both statistical and systematic deviations. It is found that the instrument function of the detection branch has a smoothing effect on the noise. This reduces the statistical error on the Te and ne measurements on each spatial position, because the resolution of the instrument is oversampled. The long tail of the instrument profile of the entire diagnostic has a significant effect on the systematic deviations in the Te and ne determination. However, it does not affect the relative size of the small scale structures on Te and ne, and for this this reason does not hamper the study of these structures. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In the Rijnhuizen tokamak project, the double pulse multiposition Thomson scattering diagnostic is in full operation. Its high spatial resolution enables the measurement of small scale structures in Te, ne, and pe. Thomson scattering profiles during an ordinary sawtooth crash show the displacement of the hot core in great detail. Measurements on off-axis sawtoothing plasmas show that a small central part remains unaffected. Filaments are observed in plasmas which show a transient central temperature rise in response to fast edge cooling. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A high resolution multiposition Thomson scattering setup to measure the electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) of a hot plasma is described. The system is operational at the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project. Light from a high power pulsed ruby laser is scattered by the free plasma electrons and relayed to a Littrow polychromator for spectral analysis. The spectrally and spatially resolved light is detected by a GaAsP photocathode. The two-dimensional image is intensified and recorded with a charge-coupled device camera.Te in the range of 50 eV–6 keV can be measured at 115 spatial elements of 2.6 mm length along the laser beam. The observation error is 〈6% at ne=2×1019 m−3 and smaller for higher ne. The high resolution and accuracy enabled the observation of small scale structures in Te and ne. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 501-503 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Multiposition tangential Thomson scattering makes it possible to measure the profiles of the local drift velocity and current density of a tokamak plasma. To achieve a reasonably small observational error (20%) a high photon yield is required. In this paper we propose an optical system to increase the photon yield by about a factor of 7. Photons from a pulsed ruby laser are captured in a ring cavity by means of an electro-optical switch. The trapped laser beam recirculates about 14 times through the sampling volume which is part of the cavity, increasing the laser energy of 25 J to an effective energy of about 140 J. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this article, the recent installed multiposition Thomson scattering (TS) of the TJ-II stellarator is presented. Light from a pulsed ruby laser is scattered by the free electrons of the plasma and led to a spectrometer for spectral analysis. The Doppler broadened spectrum of the scattered light is analyzed with a spectrometer in the Littrow configuration, detected with a GaAsP image intensifier and recorded with two intensified charged coupled device cameras. Values of the electron temperature (Te) in the range of 50 eV up to 4 keV can be measured at 160 spatial elements of 2.25 mm along a chord of 360 mm. First results show that the observational error for Te is close to the expected error of ∼10% at an electron density (ne) of 1×1019 m−3 using a laser energy of 8 J. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this article a double pulse multiposition Thomson scattering diagnostic, under construction at RTP, is discussed. Light from a double pulsed ruby laser (pulse separation: 10–800 μs, max. 2×12.5 J) is scattered by the free electrons of the tokamak plasma and relayed to a Littrow polychromator for spectral analysis. The spectrally resolved light is recorded by two ICCD detectors. Simulations show that the system sensitivity will be such that electron temperatures in the range of 100 eV–7 keV can be determined with an accuracy as good as 2%–3% for electron densities of 1020 m−3, with a spatial resolution down to 2.6 mm. With this diagnostic the dynamics of small scale structures in the electron temperature profile will be studied. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 980-984 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Rectal cancer — Preoperative staging — Endorectal ultrasound — Preoperative radiochemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Factors limiting the accuracy of endorectal ultrasound in staging, locally advanced primary rectal cancer after preoperative neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) were evaluated. Methods: Patients (n= 84) with initial locally advanced rectal cancer (uT3/uT4) undergoing R0 resection were investigated after preoperative treatment that combined radiotherapy up to 45 Gy with two cycles of chemotherapy (5-FU and leucovorin on d 1–5 and 22–28). At 4 to 6 weeks after completion of RCT and before tumor resection, preoperative endoluminal ultrasound was performed. Results: The accuracy to predict the depth of tumor infiltration (T-category) was found to correlate with downstaging. The T-category was correctly staged before surgery in 15 of the 51 responders (29%) and in 27 of 33 nonresponders (82%), whereas misinterpretation occurred in 36 of the responders (71%) and in 6 of the nonresponders (18%) (p 〈 0.001). Neither tumor distance from anal verge nor tumor location correlated with the staging accuracy. Lymph node involvement was correctly assessed in 48 patients (57%). Wall invasion was correctly ascertained in 42 patients (50%), with under estimation in 11 patients (13%) and overestimation in 31 patients (37%). Conclusions: After radiochemotherapy, endosonography does not provide a satisfactory accuracy for preoperative staging of rectal cancer. New interpretation and diagnostic criteria are needed for the prediction of treatment response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 413-414 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Ovariectomy ; pig ; bone histology ; calcitriol ; parathyroid hormone ; alkaline phosphatase ; Ovariektomie ; Schwein ; Knochenhistologie ; Calcitriol ; Parathormon ; alkalische Phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung sollte die Eignung des ovariektomierten Schweins als Modell für die postmenopausale Osteoporose beschrieben werden. Hierzu wurde der Einfluß der Ovariektomie (OVX) auf Plasmaparameter des Knochenstoffwechsels und auf knochenhistologische Parameter bei zwei Gruppen von Sauen (9 Monate alt, Nullipara oder 35 Monate alt, Multipara) untersucht. Eine Standarddiät für Schweine mit einem Calciumgehalt von 1,5 % wurde verabreicht. Gesamt-und knochenspezifische alkalische Phosphatase (APt, APb) Calcidiol, Calcitriol und Parathormon (PTH) wurden im Plasma 4, 8, 12 und 18 Monate nach OVX bestimmt. Der Mineralgehalt sowie histologische Parameter wurden in repräsentativen Knochenproben 12 Monate nach OVX und am Ende des Versuchs 18 Monate nach OVX gemessen. Bei jungen Sauen führte die Ovariektomie zu keinen signifikanten Veränderungen der Plasmaparameter mit Ausnahme höherer Konzentrationen des Calcitriols 4 Monate nach OVX. Es wurden weder 12 noch 20 Monate nach OVX signifikante Unterschiede zwischen OVX- und Kontrolltieren in den Parametern der chemischen oder histologischen Knochenanalyse beobachtet. Bei multiparen Sauen waren die Plasmakonzentrationen des PTH gegenüber den Kontrolltieren 8 Monate nach OVX signifikant erhöht. Die Konzentrationen des Calcitriols sowie die Aktivität der APt und APb lagen 12 Monate nach OVX signifikant über den Werten der intakten Tiere. Alle Effekte waren moderat. Weder 12 Monate noch 20 Monate nach OVX kam es zu signifikanten Veränderungen in den Parametern der chemischen oder histologischen Knochenanalyse. Obwohl die beobachteten Veränderungen in den klinisch-chemischen Plasmaparametern zweifellos keine histomorphometrischen Anzeichen einer Osteopenie/Osteoporose zur Folge hatten, bleibt es zukünftigen Untersuchungen überlassen nachzuprüfen, ob das Ausbleiben des Osteopenie ein Ergebnis der in diesem Experiment hohen Calciumzufuhr war. Eine solche Möglichkeit sollte aufgrund der Beobachtung in Betracht gezogen werden, daß Osteopenie beim Schwein nach OVX eintritt, wenn eine Diät mit geringerer Calciumzufuhr (0,75 % im Vergleich zu 0,9 %) verabreicht wurde (33).
    Notes: Summary To investigate the suitability of the pig as animal model for postmenopausal osteoprosis, effects of ovariectomy (OVX) on bone metabolism and histology were studied in two groups of sows (9 months, nulliparous or 35 months, multiparous). A standard diet of about 1.5 % calcium (Ca) was fed till sacrifice at either 12 or 20 months post OVX when mineral content and histology were studied in representative bone specimens of proximal tibia, iliac crest and lumbar vertebrae. At 4, 8, 12, and 18 months post OVX, total and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (APt, APb) calcidiol, calcitriol and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured in plasma. In young sows OVX did not significantly affect plasma variables except for calcitriol, which was higher at 4 months post OVX. No significant differences between OVX or control animals were observed in the variables of bone chemical and histological analyses, neither 12 nor 20 months post OVX. In multiparous sows OVX significantly increased PTH plasma concentrations at 8 months post OVX and plasma calcitriol, APt and APb at 12 months post OVX. All effects were moderate and transient. OVX did not significantly affect the variables of bone chemical and histological analyses neither 12 nor 20 months post OVX. Although undoubtedly the clinical-chemical changes observed were not accompanied by any histomorphometric signs of osteopenia/osteoporosis, it must be left to future experiments as to whether this resulted from the ample calcium supply provided. This possibility is supported by recent observations showing that porcine osteopenia could be induced by OVX in animals maintained on only 0.75 % dietary calcium but not on higher (0.9 %) Ca regimens (33).
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