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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of physical structure on δI curves of longitudinal thin film (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4915-4915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Conventionally, the simulation of thin films has been carried out using an HCP structure to represent its physical structure. Such an idealized structure has been shown to overestimate the effect of interparticle coupling by using an homogeneous exchange coupling scheme. A more realistic approach to represent physical structure has been undertaken by generating a system of grains which lie on a radially isotropic structure and have a nonuniform volume distribution. Interaction effects can be shown by computing δI curves formed through the comparison of the remanence curves using the Wohlfarth relation. To generate an isothermal remanence curve (IRM), a realistic ac erased state is necessary which has been carried out by using a simulated annealing technique. A comparison has been made to determine the effect of physical structure on the bulk properties by computing hysteresis loops, remanence curves, and δI curves. To reduce statistical error these have been averaged over four different sets of easy axes. The loops indicate that an irregular physical structure leads to an increase in the coercivity and decrease in the squareness. The dc-demagnetization curves show an increase in remanent coercivity; this can be attributed to the random physical structure decreasing the size of magnetically correlated regions within the microstructure. The effect of the physical microstructure on the δI curves will be discussed in full in the paper. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361585
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of a current-controlled three-terminal Nb–InxGa1−xAs/InP Josephson contact (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2348-2350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The supercurrent in a Nb–In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.77Ga0.23As/InP weak link structure is controlled by means of a current injected into the two-dimensional electron gas. For small injection currents the critical current to control current ratio is as large as 20. The measured features can be qualitively explained in terms of a modification of the Andreev level occupation by the injected carriers. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122457
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving culture techniques for village-based farming of giant clams (Tridacnidae) (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eight experiments aimed at improving methods for the village-based farming of giant clams were conducted in the Solomon Islands. The experiments focused on either improving the fitness of seed clams delivered to village farmers, assessing whether differential growth rates of seed clams in nursery tanks persisted during grow-out at farms, or testing the effects of alterations to the design of grow-out cages on the growth and survival of clams. We found that Tridacna squamosa (Lamarck) ‘seed’ transferred from land-based nursery tanks to a floating ocean nursery (FON) for ≈ 3 months at the end of the nursery phase were significantly larger than seed reared only in land-based nursery tanks. Similarly, T. maxima (Röding) placed in a FON for 2–5 months generally grew at a significantly greater rate than tank-reared ‘seed’. However, the use of FONs did not improve survival. There were no consistent differences in the growth and survival of fast- and slow-growing seed of T. derasa (Röding) at village sites when slow-growing seed were retained in the nursery until reaching a larger size. The survival of T. maxima was enhanced significantly by placing an insert of smaller mesh (a ‘settlement ring’) in grow-out cages for the first 2 months after delivery of seed to farmers. The settlement ring retained clams in cages until they found a suitable place to attach their byssal threads. Attempts to remove the sediment which impedes the attachment of T. maxima to the base of grow-out cages by perforating the substrate did not improve survival: the perforated substrate resulted in poor attachment of clams and harboured predators (Cymatium spp.). The survival of T. crocea (Lamarck) was not improved by ‘softening’ the concrete base of grow-out cages to simulate dead coral rock and to encourage the clams to burrow in the substrate. The survival of T. crocea in grow-out cages was enhanced significantly by enclosing the cages in fine mesh after the delivery of the seed clams to prevent predation and disturbance by juvenile wrasse, Thalassoma spp. The experiments indicate that the critical stage for village farming of giant clams is during the initial weeks following distribution of seed. Further research is needed to improve the survival of T. crocea and T. maxima during this phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1999.00305.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress reduction and bond stability during thermal annealing of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 7191-7197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A comprehensive study of the stress release and structural changes caused by postdeposition thermal annealing of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) on Si has been carried out. Complete stress relief occurs at 600–700 °C and is accompanied by minimal structural modifications, as indicated by electron energy loss spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical gap measurements. Further annealing in vacuum converts sp3 sites to sp2 with a drastic change occurring after 1100 °C. The field emitting behavior is substantially retained up to the complete stress relief, confirming that ta-C is a robust emitting material. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370531
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field emission from tetrahedral amorphous carbon as a function of surface treatment and substrate material (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1594-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To understand the mechanism of electron field emission from diamond-like carbon, tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films were subjected to Ar, H2, and O2 plasma treatments to change their surface condition and were deposited on substrates of different work function. The threshold fields and current densities for undoped ta-C are found to be significantly improved by the plasma treatments, largely due to an increase in emission site density, while little dependence was found on work function of substrate. This suggests that the main barrier to emission from ta-C is at the front surface. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123627
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of regular arrays of antidots in YBa2Cu3O7 thin films and observation of vortex lattice matching effects (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 962-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optimized sputtered YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films on CeO2-buffered sapphire substrates are patterned into square lattices of submicrometer holes (antidots) with diameters of 250–450 nm and lattice parameters of d=500–1000 nm without deterioration of superconducting properties. In the mixed state, matching effects between the Abrikosov vortex lattice and the artificial antidot lattice are observed. These effects are in the form of peaks or cusps in the critical current density recorded as a function of magnetic induction at integers n and specific rationals k/l of the matching field Bm=(Φ0/d2). The experimental results are discussed in the context of existing theories. The existence of multiquanta vortices confined by the holes in YBCO films are considered. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119701
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Josephson effect in Nb/two-dimensional electron gas structures using a pseudomorphic InxGa1−xAs/InP heterostructure (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 3575-3577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting Nb–In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.77Ga0.23As/InP–Nb contacts with an electrode separation of 450 nm were fabricated. Due to the high mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas, the current transport can be described within the clean limit regime. At 0.3 K a critical current of 3.8 μA was obtained for 6 μm wide contacts leading to a characteristic voltage of 190 μV. The decrease of the critical current with increasing temperature can be explained by a theory developed by A. Chrestin, T. Matsuyama, and U. Merkt [Phys. Rev. B 49, 498 (1994)], which takes δ-shaped barriers at the superconductor/semiconductor interfaces into account. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120410
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field emission from tetrahedral amorphous carbon (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 1430-1432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Field emission has been measured from a series of tetrahedrally bonded amorphous carbon (ta-C) films produced by the filtered cathodic vacuum arc. The threshold field and current densities achievable have been studied as a function of their sp3 content and of nitrogen incorporation. Typical undoped ta-C films are found to have a threshold field of 10–20 V/μm, decreasing with increasing sp3 content, and optimally nitrogen doped films exhibit threshold fields as low as 3–5 V/μm. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119915
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alzheimer's peptide kills cells of retina in vivo (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 392 (1998), S. 140-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Alzheimer's disease, the commonest form of dementia, is a progressive, age-dependent disorder characterized by the presence of large numbers of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The neuritic plaques consist of an accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ); this substance, which ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/32327
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic haemostatic alterations during no-flow ischaemia and reperfusion of the ascending colon in ponies (1996)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 6 (1996), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Antithrombin III ; Colon ; Ischaemia and Reperfusion ; Pony
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Naturally occurring and experimentally induced ascending colon volvulus (ACV) result in transmural compression, increased microvascular permeability and thrombosis and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa analysis of haemostatic variables in horses with naturally occurring ACV have identified changes in plasma antithrombin III (AT III) activity as the most reliable for diagnosing hypercoagulation and predicting survival. In an experimental pony model of no-flow ACV, which results in microvascular injury and thrombosis, systemic haemostasis was evaluated during ischaemia and reperfusion to determine whether selected haemostatic assays consistently yield results suggestive of altered haemostasis (hypercoagulation). Ten normal adult ponies were randomly divided into two equal groups (Group 1, control; Group 2, experimental volvulus). All experiments were performed under general anaesthesia and were terminal. Haemostatic variables (prothrombin time, PT; activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT, platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, and plasma AT III activity) were measured prior to general anaesthesia, immediately before colonic volvulus, at 60 and 120 min of ischaemia, and at 60 and 120 min of reperfusion. Mean plasma AT III activity decreased in both the control and experimental groups after induction of general anaesthesia. Mean plasma AT III activity continued to decrease after reperfusion in Group 2 ponies and differed significantly (p〈0.05) from control ponies at 120 min of reperfusion. Prothrombin time, APTT, platelet count and fibrinogen concentration values were not significantly different between groups. The decreased plasma AT III activity following the experimental procedures in this model of no-flow colonic ischaemia and reperfusion was suggestive of systemic hypercoagulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426044
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