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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electro-optic characteristics and switching principle of a nematic liquid crystal cell controlled by fringe-field switching (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2881-2883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated a nematic liquid crystal cell associated with a homogeneously aligned to twisted transition of a liquid crystal director. In the absence of an electric field, the liquid crystal molecule is homogeneously aligned under the crossed polarizers, and thus the cell appears to be black. When a fringe field induced by interdigital electrodes is applied, liquid crystal molecules rotate in plane even above electrodes and thus the cell transmits light. The device exhibits a high transmittance ratio as well as a wide viewing angle, which solves a long standing problem of low transmittance existing in the conventional in-plane switching mode. We show that the distance between electrodes smaller than the width of an electrode and cell gap is required for generating fringe field with applied voltage and rotating molecules above electrodes. We also investigate the mechanism of fringe-field switching and dependence of electro-optic effect on different cell conditions and dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystal. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122617
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electro-optic characteristics of a liquid crystal cell in a homogeneous-to-twisted planar mode (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 858-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electro-optic properties of a novel liquid crystal device associated with a homogeneous to twisted-planar (HTP) transition have been investigated. The cell plates are prepared in such a way that in the absence of an electric field the liquid crystal orientation is uniform throughout the cell, and thus between crossed polarizers the cell appears black (off state). When an electric field of a particular configuration is applied, a 90° twist is imposed, and the cell transmits light (on state). It was found that the HTP device exhibits wide viewing angle and excellent color characteristics. The dependence of the electro-optic effect on rubbing directions and cell gap has also been investigated. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120917
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fully sealed, high-brightness carbon-nanotube field-emission display (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 3129-3131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A fully sealed field-emission display 4.5 in. in size has been fabricated using single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT)-organic binders. The fabricated displays were fully scalable at low temperature, below 415 °C, and CNTs were vertically aligned using paste squeeze and surface rubbing techniques. The turn-on fields of 1 V/μm and field emission current of 1.5 mA at 3 V/μm (J=90 μA/cm2) were observed. Brightness of 1800 cd/m2 at 3.7 V/μm was observed on the entire area of a 4.5 in. panel from the green phosphor-indium–tin–oxide glass. The fluctuation of the current was found to be about 7% over a 4.5 in. cathode area. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125253
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wide viewing angle, homeotropic nematic liquid-crystal display controlled by effective field (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 470-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electro-optic properties of a liquid-crystal display associated with a homeotropic to multidomainlike transition for a liquid crystal with a positive dielectric anisotropy have been investigated. The cell plates are prepared in such a way that, in the absence of an electric field, the liquid-crystal alignment is homeotropic. an electric field created by interdigitated electrodes on both substrates causes a director deformation of a multidomain type. The display shows wide viewing angle, excellent color characteristics, and a fast response time. The molecular director configuration, together with the electro-optic characteristics of the device, are discussed in this letter. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121903
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubbing-free, vertically aligned nematic liquid crystal display controlled by in-plane field (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2851-2853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We fabricated a homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal display with positive dielectric anisotropy, whose on and off states are controlled by in-plane field. The rubbing-free device, dark in voltage-off state, reveals bright uniformity in all directions due to the dual domainlike director configuration in the voltage-on state. The electro-optic characteristics of one prototype with excellent viewing angles are reported herein. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120153
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature gradient chambers for research on global environment change. III. A system designed for rice in Kyoto, Japan (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synthesis and validation of crop models for assessment of of the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and anticipated global warming on crop production require crop response data obtained under field-like conditions. The temperature gradient chamber (TGC) with the facility for CO2 enrichment allows the creation of various CO2 and temperature regimes for crops over the entire growth period with relatively inexpensive construction and running costs. The TGC develops a temperature gradient along its longitudinal axis using solar energy during the day and heating at night while maintaining the natural diurnal cycle. The temperature gradient and the CO2 concentration in the TGC are regulated by computer control of the air ventilation rate through the TGC and of the CO2 release rate. Longitudinal gradients of CO2 concentration and water vapour pressure deficit of air in the TGC were generally less than 5% and ±0.2 kPa, respectively.A CO2 enrichment experiment on rice in the TGC showed that a doubling of the CO2 concentration markedly enhanced crop dry matter production. Temperature had less effect on dry matter production, although panicle dry weight was greatly decreased at higher temperature as a result of high-temperature-induccd sterility of rice spikelets. Since rice spikclets are most sensitive to high temperature at the moment of flowering, and their flowering habit is highly synchronized with the diurnal courses of environmental conditions, the TGC is a useful tool in understanding rice responses to changes in atmosphere and temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00618.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport and storage ofHelicobacter pylori from gastric mucosal biopsies and clinical isolates (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Various transport and storage conditions for the recovery ofHelicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies were evaluated. Gastric mucosal biopsies from 16Helicobacter pylori-infected patients were stored in cysteine-Albimi medium containing 20 % glycerol in a refrigerator (4°C) for 1 and 2 weeks and in a −20°C laboratory freezer for 4 and 12 weeks. Two clinical isolates were stored in saline, Stuart's transport media, cysteine-Albimi broth with 20 % glycerol, brucella broth with 20 % glycerol and skim milk with 17 % glycerol at room temperature, 4°C, −20°C and −70°C. Storage at 4°C for 1 and 2 weeks resulted inHelicobacter pylori recovery from 81 % and 19 % of biopsies, respectively. Storage at −20°C yieldedHelicobacter pylori recovery in 100 % and 57 % after 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. At room temperature after 6 h, theHelicobacter pylori titer was reduced. The best storage media for frozen isolates were skim milk/glycerol, brucella broth/glycerol and cysteine-Albimi/glycerol (in descending order). Recovery was better at −70°C than −20°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02116531
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting Specific Volumes of Pure Polymers and VLE of Polymer Solutions by Group-Contribution Lattice Theory (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 19 (1998), S. 707-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: lattice-hole theory ; polymer solutions ; specific volume ; vapor–liquid equilibria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A generalized group-contribution (GC) scheme with an equation of state (EOS) presented previously by the present authors was extended to the prediction of specific volumes of pure polymers and vapor–liquid equilibria of polymer solutions. The GC-EOS requires only two parameters, representing group size and interaction between groups. A unique feature of the approach is that a single set of group information can be applied to predict both the configurational properties of pure polymers and mixtures in general. The approach was illustratively applied to the prediction of the density of pure polymers, vapor pressures of organic solvents, and phase equilibria of their polymer solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022618301397
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of recombinant hirudin in Hansenula polymorpha: variation of gene expression level depends on methanol oxidase and fermentation strategies (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: hirudin; Hansenula polymorpha; methylotrophic yeast; methanol oxidase; autonomously replicating sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various recombinant Hansenula polymorpha strains were developed and compared for their level of expression of the anticoagulant hirudin. H. polymorpha DL1-57 harboring an autonomously replicating sequence, HARS36, efficiently expressed the gene for recombinant hirudin. The effect of methanol oxidase (MOX) on the expression of the hirudin gene in H. polymorpha DL1-57 was studied, and the fermentation strategies coupled with the MOX activity and an antioxidant, tocopherol, were also examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900545
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