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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic spongiform leucoencephalopathy after inhaling heroin vapour (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 749-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Leucoencephalopathy ; Heroin ; Cerebellum ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This is a report of clinical, CT and MRI findings in a patient with toxic spongiform leucoencephalopathy after heroin ingestion. The disease is observed in drug addicts who inhale pre-heated heroin. The clinical onset, which usually occurs some days or even longer after the last heroin consumption, is characterized by a cerebellar syndrome. The cerebellar hemispheres, the cerebellar and cerebral peduncles and the pyramidal tract may be affected. Spongiform demyelination is the morphological substrate of the lesions, which are not contrast enhancing, hypodense on CT and hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI. The frequently perfect symmetry of the affection of functional systems points to a toxic and/or metabolic pathophysiological mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050467
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of β1, β3 and β4 integrins in sarcomas of the small, round, blue cell category (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Small round blue cell sarcomas ; Integrins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Integrins are a large and complex family of membrane spanning αβ heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins mediating cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions. Small, round, blue cell sarcomas (SRBCS) are a group of poorly differentiated tumours of various and in part uncertain histogenesis displaying similar cytomorphology. Among them are rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS), ganglioneuroblastomas [(G)NB], primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumours (pPNET) and Ewing's sarcomas (ES). Thirty-two SRBCS were studied immunohistochemically for the distribution of β1, β3 and β4 integrins in situ. We found complex and to some extent differential patterns of β1, β3 and β4 integrin subunit expression in different types of SRBCS: all of the sarcomas studied were consistently β1+, β4−, α2−. Four of nine RMS were completely negative for all other integrin subunits studied while one RMS was α5+ throughout and three RMS were focally α5+. Three RMS expressed the α6 and αv chains. In contrast to RMS, pPNET and ES, all of which were α1−, α3−, (G)NB were α3+ and frequently co-expressed α1. The eight pPNET and seven ES studied showed a similarily restricted integrin profile that was limited to the expression of β1 and α5 in nearly all cases. In summary, RMS were β1+, α1−, α3− and heterogeneously expressed α5 and α6. (G)NB were generally β1+, α1+, α3+, α5−, α6−. pPNET and ES were β1+, α1−, α3−, α5+, α6−. The data illustrate a complex expression pattern of various integrins in SRBCS, a differential expression pattern of some of the integrin subunits among different types of SRBCS and almost identical integrin profiles in pPNET and ES.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194694
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of CD44 splice variants in human skin and epidermal tumours (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: CD44 variant isoforms ; Skin ; Basal cell carcinoma ; Spindle cell carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Splice variants of the adhesion molecule CD44 (CD44v) are important in the lymphatic spread of rat carcinoma cells. In several human tumours expression of CD44v correlates with tumour progression. However, little is known about the physiological functions of distinct variant exons. Here we report on the immunohistological evaluation of CD44 expression in normal human skin and epidermal tumours which do not metastasise, or do so vary rarely. Frozen tissues were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, recognizing epitopes of the CD44 standard isoform, as well as of variant exons v5, v6, v7, v7–v8 and v10. Stratum basale and spinosum as well as the root shaft of hairs reacted strongly with the whole panel of anti-CD44 antibodies. Stratum corneum, acinar cells of sebaceous and eccrine sweat glands stained with anti-CD44v5, anti-CD44v6 and anti-CD44v7, but not with anti-CD44v10, the latter recognizing the “epithelial isoform” (CD44v8–v10) of CD44. Ductal cells of glands and apocrine glands did not express CD44v. Compared with its expression in normal human skin, CD44v expression was reduced in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. This was particularly true of CD44v10. The expression of CD44v in normal skin and dermal appendages indicates that not all combinations of variant exons are involved in tumour progression. Since the epithelial isoform is particularly downregulated in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, it is unlikely that exons v8–v10 play a role in tumour progression. Rather, they may be of functional importance in maintenance of the epidermal structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200656
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Npm/alk fusion mRNA expression in Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells is rare but does occur: Results from single-cell cDNA analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 8 (1997), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: clonal heterogeneity ; Hodgkin's disease ; NPM/ALK ; single cell PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35) leads to the fusion of the nucleophosmin gene (NPM) on chromosome 5q35 to the recently described receptor kinase ALK 2p23. It is characteristic of a subgroup of CD30+large-cell anaplastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ALCL). Since some cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and ALCL share common features, a common pathogenesis has been proposed in a report of the expression of NPM/ALK fusion mRNA in11/13 Hodgkin's lymphomas. Patients and methods: We approached this question by micro manipulatory isolation of single Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (H-RS) cells and subsequent RT-PCR amplification of NPM/ALK fusion cDNA from these single cells. Results: Specificity of cell selection was shown by the HD-specific pattern of EBV-gene expression in single H-RS cells. In 4 out of 7 cases, NPM/ALK fusion cDNA was detected in the RNA from whole lymph node tissue. In2 out of 9 cases, NPM/ALK fusion sequences were amplified from single H-RS cells, albeit in a very low frequency (〈5%). Conclusions: These data indicate that NPM/ALK fusion transcripts do not play an early role in the pathogenesis of HD. Whether the rare expression of NPM/ALK is the result of clonal heterogeneity or an indication for clonal evolution and progression toward ALCL can only be answered by the repeated analysis of indicator cases during the course of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008246719680
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Npm/alk fusion mRNA expression in Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells is rare but does occur: Results from single-cell cDNA analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 8 (1997), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: clonal heterogeneity ; Hodgkin's disease ; NPM/ALK ; single cell PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35) leads to the fusion of thenucleophosmin gene (NPM) on chromosome 5q35 to the recently describedreceptor kinase ALK 2p23. It is characteristic of a subgroup of CD30+large-cell anaplastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ALCL). Since some cases ofHodgkin's disease (HD) and ALCL share common features, a common pathogenesishas been proposed in a report of the expression of NPM/ALK fusion mRNA in11/13 Hodgkin's lymphomas. Patients and methods: We approached this question by micromanipulatoryisolation of single Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (H-RS) cells andsubsequent RT-PCR amplification of NPM/ALK fusion cDNA from these singlecells. Results: Specificity of cell selection was shown by the HD-specificpattern of EBV-gene expression in single H-RS cells. In 4 out of 7 cases,NPM/ALK fusion cDNA was detected in the RNA from whole lymph node tissue. In2 out of 9 cases, NPM/ALK fusion sequences were amplified from single H-RScells, albeit in a very low frequency (〈5%). Conclusions: These data indicate that NPM/ALK fusion transcripts donot play an early role in the pathogenesis of HD. Whether the rare expressionof NPM/ALK is the result of clonal heterogeneity or an indication for clonalevolution and progression toward ALCL can only be answered by the repeatedanalysis of indicator cases during the course of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008246719680
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Element mobility in paragneisses and metabasites of the Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB/Germany) (1997)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 86 (1997), S. S184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Leaching experiment ; Cation-exchange resin ; Alteration ; Hydrothermal fluids ; Element transport ; Shear zone ; Factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Leaching experiments (pH=3, T=70 °C) have been performed on paragneisses and metabasites from the KTB drill cores. The experiments yielded the fraction of total element content that is easily available to acidic aqueous fluids. The intensity of mineralogic alteration in the studied samples is expressed in terms of easily leachable fractions of K or Ba. Its reliability is shown by correlation with a petrographically determined alteration index. For the paragneisses, the easily available fractions of Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, Na, K, Ba, Co, Cr, Ni, Sr, V, and Y together with the variables whole-rock content and depth of samples were subjected to a factor analysis, the results of which are presented as a five-factor model. Correlation plots of easily leachable element fraction and whole-rock content vs an alteration index (percentage of leachable K) reveal the changes in leachability as a function of intensity of alteration. In a cataclastic boundary between paragneisses and metabasites at 1610 m depth, the changes in whole-rock content and leachability of elements are studied in detail and compared with the general trends in alteration. The results point to considerable intercrystalline element redistribution during retrograde metamorphism, with only insignificant element transport on a meter scale. Although considerable fractions of many elements were easily available to acidic fluids (3〈pH〈4) in the experiments, the whole-rock element content was maintained during retrogression, suggesting that water/rock ratio and fluid flow were low. During alteration K, Ba, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, and V are immobilized in situ, whereas Sr, Ca, and Y become more leachable. Across the studied, strongly altered, lithologic contact, element transport up to 7 m normal to foliation can be traced. Here, Ca, Sr, Mg, Co, Ni, and Cr are slightly enriched, whereas K, Ba, Fe, and Mn are slightly depleted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014653
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of giant stratabound deposits of magnesite and siderite in Riphean carbonate rocks of the Bashkir mega-anticline, western Urals (1999)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 87 (1999), S. 589-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Sediment-hosted deposits ; Magnesite ; Siderite ; Bashkir mega-anticline ; Riphean ; Metasomatism ; Geochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the Bashkir mega-anticline (western Urals) stratabound magnesite, siderite, fluorite and base-metal deposits are hosted by a sequence of Riphean sediments with a thickness of more than 12 km. The giant deposits of siderite (Bakal) and sparry magnesite (Satka) belong to the largest known mineral deposits of this type on Earth but are still disputed with respect to their origin. Both the Fe- and Mg-carbonate ores are clearly characterized by mimetic preservation of sedimentary and diagenetic textures of the host carbonate sediments, giving evidence of epigenetic metasomatic replacement. In the stratiform magnesite deposits of Satka, O- and C-isotopes, REE pattern and the lithostratigraphic position of the ore, point to the reflux of early diagenetic Mg-rich brines being responsible for the selective replacement of brecciated dolomite. The Bakal siderite deposits are hosted by Lower Riphean carbonate rocks and are controlled by a Lower to Middle Riphean unconformity marked by deep erosion and subsequent transgression-related sedimentation of coarse clastics. Their independence of carbonate lithofacies and their trace element distribution are indicative of metasomatic processes. Fe-bearing fluids have probably been generated by low-grade metamorphic (catagenetic) devolatization from underlying argillites, causing the metasomatic formation of large siderite ore bodies in the Bakal carbonates due to the focusing of the fluid flow by the overlying Mid-Riphean coarse clastics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050233
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental, geochemical, mineralogical and O-isotope constraints on the late-magmatic history of the Fichtelgebirge granites (Germany) (1997)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 86 (1997), S. S110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Leaching experiments ; Cation exchange resin ; Zr ; Sr ; Trace element fractionation ; Zr/Hf ; Y/Ho ; Rare earth elements ; Tetrad effect ; Metamictization ; Magmatic-hydrothermal alteration ; Greisenization ; S-type granites ; Variscan granites ; Tin granites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Mineralogical, experimental, geochemical and stable-isotope data give evidence for an aqueous late-stage fluid which develops increasingly from the less to the more highly evolved granites of the Fichtelgebirge (G1–G4). In less-evolved granites (particularly G1) only minor chloritization and sericitization, minor hydration and corrosion of zircons, low leachable fractions of Sr and Zr, the nearly chondritic ratios of Zr/Hf and Y/Ho, and rare-earth-element (REE) patterns lacking the tetrad effect provide evidence of a less-differentiated granitic melt system, poor in complexing agents and water, with insignificant late magmatic fluid–rock interaction. The subsequent low-temperature alteration, which is suggested by oxygen-isotope composition of quartz and biotite, did not affect the whole-rock chemical composition. In the highly evolved granites (particularly G4), albitization, sericitization and fluoritization, ubiquitous hydration and corrosion of zircons, high leachable fractions of Sr and Zr, Zr/Hf and Y/Ho ratios very different from the chondritic ratios, and REE patterns showing a marked tetrad effect point to the presence of a highly specialized fluid system, rich in water and complexing agents, such as fluorine, leading to a marked magmatic–hydrothermal alteration. The oxygen isotopes also indicate alteration by high-temperature fluids which were likely exsolved during the final stage of crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014647
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