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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 784-788 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Calcium metabolism ; Bone metabolism ; Gastrectomy ; Therapy ; Review. ; Schlüsselwörter: Calciumstoffwechsel ; Knochenstoffwechsel ; Gastrektomie ; Therapie ; Übersicht.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Nach Magenresektion oder Gastrektomie sind Störungen der Calcium- und Knochenstoffwechsels bekannt. Wahrscheinlich kommt es postoperativ aufgrund einer verminderten Calciumabsorption zu einem Abfall des Serumcalciums. Als Gegenregulation wird Parathormon ausgeschüttet und 1,25-(OH)2-Vitamin D neu gebildet, welche beide Calcium aus dem Knochen mobilisieren. Bei einem Teil der Patienten kommt es in der Folge zu einer Abnahme der Knochenmasse mit einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko. Bisher liegen keine anerkannten Behandlungsempfehlungen dieser Störungen vor, lediglich die Substitution von Vitamin D und Calcium wurde wiederholt empfohlen. Es wird eine Übersicht über die derzeitigen Vorstellungen zur Regulation des Calcium- und Knochenstoffwechsels nach Gastrektomie gegeben.
    Notes: Summary. Disturbances in calcium and bone metabolism after gastrectomy have long been recognized. It has been suggested that due to impaired calcium absorption after gastrectomy, serum calcium is decreased, being counterregulated by parathyroid hormone release and 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D formation. Both parathyroid hormone and 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D are known to release calcium from bone, resulting in bone mass loss and increased fracture risk in some of the gastrectomized patients. No therapy is currently generally agreed on, although supplementation of vitamin D and calcium has been suggested repeatedly. A review on the current understanding of calcium and bone metabolism after gastrectomy is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 17 (1995), S. 115-129 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A boundary integral equation (BIE) formulation and a boundary element (BE) method which confer symmetry to key operators are concisely described with reference to quasi-static plasticity. This formulation is based on the combined use of static and kinematic sources, on Galerkin weighted residual enforcement of integral equations for displacements and tractions along the boundary and for stresses in the potentially yielding domain and on space discretizations in terms of generalized variables in Prager's sense. Typical theoretical results of computational interest not available in conventional nonsymmetric BE methods are surveyed. The subjectivity (mesh-dependence) implied by material instability is illustrated by examples. As a remedy, a symmetric BIE-BE formulation for nonlocal, gradient-dependent plasticity is developed and discussed on the basis of its variationally consistent discretization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 19 (1997), S. 169-178 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The problem of the transient quasi-static analysis of a poroelastic body subjected to a history of external actions is formulated in terms of four boundary integral equations, using time-dependent Green's functions of the “free” poroelastic space. Some of these Green's functions, not available in the literature are derived “ad hoc”. The boundary integral operator constructed is shown to be symmetric with respect to a time-convolutive bilinear form so that the boundary solution is characterized by a variational property and its approximation preserving symmetry can be achieved by a Galerkin boundary element procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 19 (1997), S. 511-516 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The analysis of quasi-brittle fracture processes is formulated as a linear complementarity problem either in finite increments or in rates. Some time-stepping solution procedures and mathematical programming algorithms are discussed as for their ability to capture the whole set of possible alternative equilibrium paths. Potentialities and limitations of the proposed approach and of the relevant procedures are pointed out also by means of a numerical example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 17 (1995), S. 115-129 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  A boundary integral equation (BIE) formulation and a boundary element (BE) method which confer symmetry to key operators are concisely described with reference to quasi-static plasticity. This formulation is based on the combined use of static and kinematic sources, on Galerkin weighted residual enforcement of integral equations for displacements and tractions along the boundary and for stresses in the potentially yielding domain and on space discretizations in terms of generalized variables in Prager’s sense. Typical theoretical results of computational interest not available in conventional nonsymmetric BE methods are surveyed. The subjectivity (mesh-dependence) implied by material instability is illustrated by examples. As a remedy, a symmetric BIE-BE formulation for nonlocal, gradient-dependent plasticity is developed and discussed on the basis of its variationally consistent discretization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Gerontologie + Geriatrie 31 (1998), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: SchlüsselwörterÄltere Arbeitnehmer – Anpassung an die Arbeitssituation – Innovationsfähigkeit – berufliche Weiterbildung – Arbeitsbedingungen ; Key words Older workers – adjustment to job situation – innovation capability – job training – working conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Current demographic trends indicate an increase in average age within the workforce. The “juniorstaff-directed” personnel strategies of companies obviously no longer fit when the number of older workers increase. Based on current research, it is still open in which direction older employees present an obstacle for innovation and which intervention strategies are necessary to promote their ability for innovation. This study particularly indicates the subjective view of older workers regarding various aspects of their current job-situation. Data collection is based on semi-structured interviews with 75 participants (49 men, 26 women, 45 to 55 years old) working in companies of chemical industries in Germany. Results show that older workers have different perceptions of their job situation. One group feels to be “successful and socialintegrated”, a second group of older workers “adjusts itself passively to job demands”, and a third group is “complaining and not satisfied with the current job situation”. Indicators for innovation abilities are “to be able to set goals”, “acceptance of challenges” as well as the “acceptance to take over responsibility”. In addition aspects of the working conditions and the degree of job-training discriminated between the three groups. The findings point to a close relationship between “innovation capability” of older workers and “stimulating working conditions”; conclusions for personnel strategies can be drawn.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die “jugendzentrierte” Personalpolitik vieler Unternehmen stößt angesichts der demographischen Veränderungen in Zukunft an ihre Grenzen; technologische und arbeitsorganisatorische Innovationen müssen künftig von und mit älteren Belegschaften umgesetzt werden. Aufgrund vorliegender Forschungsbefunde ist jedoch noch weitgehend offen, in welcher Hinsicht ältere Arbeitnhemer für Unternehmen tatsächlich ein “Innovationshemmnis” darstellen und mit Hilfe welcher Interventionsstrategien “Innovationsfähigkeit” gefördert werden könnte. Mittels ausführlicher halbstrukturierter Explorationsgespräche wurde eine differenzierte Beschreibung und Analyse des subjektiven Erlebens der aktuellen beruflichen Situation älterer Beschäftigter vorgenommen. Befragt wurden 75 Mitarbeiter (49 Männer, 26 Frauen; zwischen 45 und 55 Jahren) in verschiedenen Produktionsbetrieben eines großen Konzerns der chemischen Industrie. In bezug auf das Erleben und Verhalten der beruflichen Situation kann zwischen drei Gruppen differenziert werden: 1. erfolgsorientierte, sozial-integrierte, 2. passive, sich anpassende, 3. kritisierende, beruflich wenig zufriedene Arbeitnehmer. Dabei bilden die für Innovationsfähigkeit relevanten Merkmale “Zielorientierung”, “Risikobereitschaft” sowie die “Bereitschaft zur Übernahme von Verantwortung” zentrale, differenzierende Variablen. Zudem konnten Aspekte der Arbeitssituation und das Ausmaß beruflicher Weiterbildung als weitere Unterscheidungsmerkmale zwischen den drei Gruppen identifiziert werden. Insgesamt weisen die Ergebnisse auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Innovationsfähigkeit und anregender Gestaltung des Arbeitskontextes hin und bieten somit eine Perspektive für künftige Personalentwicklungsstragien.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 68 (1998), S. 651-661 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words poroplasticity ; shakedown ; limit analysis ; lower bound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary A fully saturated two-phase solid or structure subjected to variable, in particular cyclic, external actions is described as a nonhardening poroelastoplastic material with piecewise linearized yield loci. With reference to a multifield finite element model, sufficient and necessary conditions for shakedown are established by the static Melan's approach. Shakedown analysis by linear programming is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 69 (1999), S. 751-764 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words plasticity, shakedown, kinematic approach, pressure vessels, initial defect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary In this paper, a kinematic approach and an iterative procedure, earlier proposed for limit analysis, are adopted for shakedown analysis under variable repeated loading. Reference is made to three-dimensional structures of engineering relevance, such as pressurized pipelines and vessels with fluctuating pressure and with slot damages due, e.g. to pitting corrosion. The numerical performance of the solution algorithm is investigated, and the cost-effectiveness of the proposed direct shakedown analysis method is assessed and compared to that of time-marching solutions by up-to-date codes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Chordin ; HNK-1 ; 3-sulfoglucuronic acid ; myelin-associated glycoprotein ; phosphacan ; neurocan ; gliomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Monoclonal antibody At5 was primarily developed against chordin, a notochord-specific antigen of Acipenseridae (sturgeon fishes). In higher vertebrates the antibody reacted mainly with neural tissue antigens. In this study we have shown that the specificity of monoclonal antibody At5 is similar to that of antibodies of HNK-1 family which react with two glycolipids and with several high molecular weight glycoconjugates of neural tissue. We have demonstrated by protein sequencing and immunoblotting that one of At5 target antigens of human brain is dMAG, a derivative of myelin-associated glycoprotein. In the preparations of At5 antigens proteoglycans phosphacan and neurocan were identified by immunoblotting with specific monoclonal antibodies 6B4 and 1G2, respectively. The distribution of At5 and 6B4 immunoreactivity was studied on sections of mixed oligoastrocytoma. Oligodendroglioma area of this tumor was intensely stained with both antibodies, whereas astrocytoma area did not exhibit any At5 or 6B4 immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 252 (1996), S. 266-274 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Escherichia coli hemolysin ; Minitransposon ; Secretion of HlyAs-fusion proteins ; TolC protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A simple and efficient procedure for the construction of secreted fusion proteins in Escherichia coli is described that uses a new minitransposon, termed TnhlyAs, carrying the secretion signal (HlyAs) of E. coli hemolysin (HlyA). This transposon permits the generation of random gene fusions encoding proteins that carry the HlyAs at their C-termini. For the construction of model gene fusions we used lacZ, encoding the cytoplasmic β-galactosidase (β-Gal), and phoA, encoding the periplasmic alkaline phosphatase, as target genes. Our data suggest that all β-Gal-HlyAs fusion proteins generated are secreted, albeit with varying efficiencies, by the HlyB/HlyD/TolC hemolysin secretion machinery under Sec-proficient conditions. In contrast, the PhoA-HlyAs fusion proteins are efficiently secreted in a secA mutant strain only under SecA-deficient conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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