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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: One of the most critical quantities to be measured for better understanding of the ablative Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability is the cutoff wavelength below which the RT instability is stabilized. Unfortunately, this wavelength is expected to be below or close to spatial resolutions of most x-ray imagers used in the RT experiments. We propose and test a new technique using moiré interferometry to convert short wavelength perturbations to longer wavelength perturbations. The RT target is backlit by x rays and imaged just like in conventional experiments, but a grid mask is inserted between the target and the x-ray imager. The grid mask is one dimensional grid with a period slightly different from the wavelength of the RT target. It is set so that the grid and the RT perturbation groove are parallel to each other. With this operation, the long wavelength moiré interference is measured as the beat with the RT target. As an initial test, we use a grid mask with 10 μm period coupled to RT targets with 8 and 12 μm perturbation wavelengths. The corresponding moiré interference wavelengths are 40 and 60 μm, respectively.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 812-821 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial Si1−xGex(001) alloy films, with 0.15≤x≤0.30, were grown on Si(001) at temperatures Ts ranging from 300 to 550 °C using hyperthermal Si (average energy 〈ESi〉(approximately-equal-to)18 eV) and Ge (〈EGe〉(approximately-equal-to)15 eV) beams. The deposition rate was 0.1 nm s−1 and film thicknesses ranged from 30 nm to 0.8 μm. The energetic Si and Ge beams are generated by bombarding Si and Ge targets with 1 keV Kr+ ions from double-grid, multiaperture, broad ion-beam sources in a system geometry established based upon TRIM simulations of energy-dependent angular distributions of sputtered and backscattered particles. A combination of high-resolution plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, channeling, and axial angular-yield profiles demonstrated that the films are of extremely high crystalline quality. Critical layer thicknesses hc for strain relaxation in these alloys were found to increase rapidly with decreasing growth temperature. For Si0.70Ge0.30, hc ranged from 35 nm at Ts=550 °C to 650 nm at 350 °C compared to an equilibrium value of (approximately-equal-to)8 nm. At even lower growth temperatures, hc becomes larger than critical epitaxial layer thicknesses, (approximately-greater-than)1 μm at 300 °C. In addition, atomic force microscopy studies showed that strain-induced roughening, which occurs at elevated growth temperatures, is strongly suppressed at Ts between 300 and 400 °C with no indication of kinetic roughening. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1177-1181 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin zirconium oxide films were grown using the ion-beam assisted deposition method. Zirconium metal was evaporated by an electron beam and condensed on a Si substrate, while oxygen ions were directed simultaneously onto the substrate, allowing the fundamental deposition parameters of ion energy and arrival rate ratio ARR(O/Zr) to be measured and controlled easily. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the oxidation and the composition of the films. XPS analyses indicated the presence of four oxidation states of zirconium (Zr4+−Zr1+) in Zr 3d spectra and two peaks in O 1s spectra; Zr4+ is a predominant ion in all the films and the two peaks in O 1s spectra are related to the oxide and to hydroxyl groups and/or carbonates, respectively. Composition analyses of the films suggested that these oxygen-associated species may be bound to zirconium. The variation of composition as a function of ion energy (from 2 to 20 keV) and ARR(O/Zr) (at 0.54 and 1.09) could be explained with the preferential sputtering of zirconium from the growing film by incoming oxygen ions and the incorporation of oxygen ions into the film. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 26 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Insemination of oocytes from six different salmon with irradiated heterospecific sperm combined with thermal shocks 10 min after activation successfully induced gynogenesis in pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum). Biochemical genetic analysis and morphology of larvae con firmed their gynogenetic parentage, Thermal shocks of 26oC beginning 10 min after fertilization and lasting 15-30 min gave high yields of gynogenetic salmon (32% of normal diploid hatching, average of six females; 70% in oocytes from one female treated 20 min): shocks of 28oC lasting 10-16 min also gave high yields (2 5%), Shocks of 30oC lasting 6-12 min gave lesser yields (10%), Female donors varied significantly in the susceptibility of their oocytes to treatment (15-70% range of yield to average best treatment) but females did not interact significantly with heat shock treatment: different heat shocks had relatively the same effect on all females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 1025-1027 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Aldehydes, aliphatic ; 1,3-Cyclohexanedione (CHD) ; Fluorimetric detection ; Plasma analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple and sensitive method is proposed for the measurement of aldehydes in plasma. The plasma samples are treated with 1,3-cyclohexanedione (CHD) and after addition of the internal standard (the CHD derivative of octaldehyde) are analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with an acetonitrile-water gradient as the mobile phase. Detection is by fluorimetry with excitation at 395 nm and emission at 457 nm. In plasma samples spiked with aldehydes, the calibration curves showed good linearity in the range 0–10 μg mL−1. The recoveries of aldehydes were quantitative; coefficients of within-day and between-day variation were less than 13% and 11%, respectively. Applications to human and some animal plasma samples are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 262 (1999), S. 131-138 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsEyes absent ; Organ morphogenesis ; Rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Homologs of the eyes absent (eya) gene in animals function at multiple stages in the development of organs. Their functional roles in the genetic network that regulates eye development in Drosophila have recently been extensively analyzed. A rice homolog of eya was identified from a cDNA library made from embryo RNA. The corresponding gene (OSEya1) encodes a conserved ED1 domain and a short N-terminal peptide. The ED1 domain of OSEya1 shows 25% identity and 36% similarity to the product of Drosophila eya. Mammalian and squid eya homologs show about 35% similarity to OSEya1. Homologous sequences were also found in the alfalfa EST database (53% identity and 65% similarity to OSEya1) and in the Arabidopsis genome sequence (63% identity). Therefore, eya homologs are present in both monocots and dicots. Three regions in the ED1 domain are well conserved in animals and plants. Plant eya products deduced from the nucleotide sequences also have short N-terminal peptides. The OSEya1 gene is located between the wx gene and the telomere on the short arm of chromosome 6. OSEya1 is expressed in the embryo, shoot apex, and caryopsis in rice. Expression in the embryo increases during embryogenesis until 7 days after pollination, with preferential localization in leaf primordia and the shoot apical meristem. Expression in the influorescence was observed in floral meristems. The functions of OSEya1 in higher plants are discussed and compared with those of their animal homologs. OSEya1 might regulate the morphogenesis of lateral organs as a subunit of a transcription factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent optical and radio observations2 4 of gas motions show a large, central concentration of mass (probably a black hole) in a number of galaxies. But this gas lies beyond ~30,000 Schwarzschild radii so the characteristic signatures of the black hole itself-relativistic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsBrassica napus ; Microspore culture ; Transgenic plant ; Particle bombardment ; Doubled haploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure for direct gene transfer into isolated microspores of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and the production of fertile transgenic plants is presented. By modifying the microspore culture method and adopting the firefly luciferase (Luc) gene as a non-destructive marker, we could obtain stably transformed androgenetic embryos from bombarded microspores. Luc-positive embryos were easily isolated from the large non-transformed population using a high-sensitivity bioluminescent image analyzer. PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed that the introduced transgene was integrated stably into the genome of the selected embryos. Diploidized plants obtained from the haploid embryos were self-pollinated, and all of the offspring tested were Luc-positive, indicating rapid fixation of the transgene which is characteristic of doubled haploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 559-563 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electroless Ni–Co–B alloy ; dimethylamineborane ; complexing agent ; deposition rate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Fundamental aspects of electroless Ni–B, Co–B and Ni–Co–B alloys have been systematically examined. The composition, crystal structure and deposition rate of the alloys were determined as a function of the concentration of reducing agent (dimethylamineborane) and complexing agents (tartrate, citrate, malonate and succinic acid), bath pH and Ni2+/Co2+ ratio. Changes in the deposition rate and metallurgical features of the alloys induced by the change in plating parameters are discussed, based on electrochemical polarization data and the formation enthalpy of the nickel and cobalt borides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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