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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality assurance in forensic toxicological analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 1 (1996), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Forensic science ; Toxicological analysis ; Quality assurance ; Round robins ; Accreditation of forensic laboratories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  In this paper, we review the work done in forensic toxicological analysis during about the last 30 years in Europe and to some extent in other parts of the world to assure the quality of toxicological investigations. Guidelines for carrying out toxicological analyses set up by professional bodies in the United States (AAFS/SOFT), Europe (GTFCh) and worldwide (TIAFT) are mentioned, and the problems of complying with the regulations set up in EN 45 000/ISO 9000 are discussed in detail. There are still diverging opinions as to whether toxicological laboratories should comply with good laboratory practice or with EN 45 000, and, as fas as Germany, Switzerland and Austria are concerned, a working group of the GTFCh is discussing which procedure should be adopted. Apart from having this discussion, the group aims to standardize suitable methods and is planning the organization of suitable round robins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050068
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the Escherichia coli CcmH protein reveals new insights into the redox pathway required for cytochrome c maturation (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 171 (1999), S. 92-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words CcmH ; Cytochrome c maturation ; Dithiol reduction pathway ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The CcmH protein of Escherichia coli is encoded by the last gene of the ccm gene cluster required for cytochrome c maturation. A mutant in which the entire ccmH gene was deleted failed to synthesize both indigenous and foreign c-type cytochromes. However, deletion of the C-terminal hydrophilic domain homologous to CycH of other gram-negative bacteria affected neither the biogenesis of indigenous c-type cytochromes nor that of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum cytochrome c 550. This confirmed that only the N-terminal domain containing a conserved CXXC motif is required in E. coli. PhoA fusion analysis showed that this domain is periplasmic. Site-directed mutagenesis of the cysteines of the CXXC motif revealed that both cysteines are required for cytochrome c maturation during aerobic growth, whereas only the second cysteine is required for cytochrome c maturation during anaerobic growth. The deficiency of the point mutants was complemented when 2-mercapto-ethanesulfonic acid was added to growing cells; other thiol compounds did not stimulate cytochrome c formation in these strains. We propose a model for the reaction sequence in which CcmH keeps the heme binding site of apocytochrome c in a reduced form for subsequent heme ligation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050683
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocoolers: Are They a Mechanism for Pesticide Transfer? (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 60 (1998), S. 685-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900681
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HEMOCO: a French prospective study of hemophiliacs infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (1997)
    Springer
    Hematology and cell therapy 38 (1997), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8509
    Keywords: Hemophilia ; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; Cohort ; Age ; AIDS ; Death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract HEMOCO is a multicenter prospective cohort set up in 1989 to monitor 407 French hemophiliacs infected by HIV-1 and recruited in 4 hemophilia treatment centers in the Paris region. As of 15 July 1995, 42% of the patients in the cohort had developed stage B HIV disease and 29% stage C disease (AIDS); 23.1% of the patients had died. The cumulative proportion of patients with AIDS was 4.5% at 5 years and 27.4% at 10 years, while the respective mortality rates were 3.8% and 19.5%. In our study, only age was predictive of AIDS, with an estimated relative risk of 1.2 per 10-year age increment; this factor was also predictive of death. After 10 years of follow-up, 6.1% of the study population had no clinical or laboratory signs of immunodepression. The follow-up protocol in the HEMOCO protocol is the same as that in the French SEROCO study, which includes men infected by HIV-1 through sexual contact. This will allow us to compare the progression of HIV infection between these two exposure groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00282-996-0193-7
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the antibody response in oesophageal cicatricial pemphigoid (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 140 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) is a subepidermal, autoimmune bullous dermatosis. It is classified as a clinical subset of bullous pemphigoid (BP). However, it differs from BP in some significant ways: (i) in CP mucosal involvement with clinical scarring is prominent; (ii) there is a prominent IgA class antibody response alone or in addition to the IgG class antibody response; and (iii) there is a heterogeneous antibody response in CP, whereas in BP the majority of the antibodies are directed against a 180-kDa hemidesmosomal protein, bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BPAg2). Oesophageal involvement in CP is a rare, but often devastating manifestation. In this study we examined the humoral autoimmune response in oesophageal CP, in an attempt to characterize the autoantibody reactivity profile. We used direct and indirect immunofluorescence and Western immunoblotting using normal human skin and oesophagus substrates. We studied patient sera over time in order to search for evidence of epitope spreading in these patients. All patients had positive direct immunofluorescence of perilesional oesophageal epithelium. All patients had positive circulating antibasement membrane zone autoantibody titres. There was a significant IgA class in addition to an IgG class autoantibody response. IgA and IgG antibodies demonstrated significant reactivity with BPAg2 and the 97 kDa linear IgA disease antigen on Western immunoblot suggesting intraprotein epitope spreading. There was no evidence of interprotein epitope spreading over time. Our findings suggest that there is a heterogeneous antibody response in oesophageal CP with the predominant antigen being BPAg2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02816.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of c-fos in cultured human nevus cells: an increase over melanocytes and melanoma cells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 6 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nevus cells exhibit growth characteristics in culture which differentiate them from melanocytes and melanoma cells. We examined the expression of c-jun, c-fos and jun-B mRNA levels in cultures of different melanocytic cell types to determine if biologic differences among these cells was due to their level of proto-oncogene expression. Because cell growth and differentiation are also known to be affected by serum conditions, the expression of c-jun, c-fos and jun-B was examined under normal serum conditions and serum starved and repleted conditions which stimulates proto-oncogene expression. Expression of c-jun and jun-B was not significantly different among the cell types studied under normal serum conditions, or serum starved and refed conditions and c-fos was not detectable in any of the unstimulated cell types. In contrast, when the cells were serum starved and refed, the level of c-fos expression was uniformly increased (2-10 fold) in 3 different nevus ceil lines. This increase was not seen in normal melanocyte cultures or 2 melanoma cell lines. With serum deprivation and repletion, c-fos was also elevated in 1 melanoma cell line. We conclude that the regulation of the proto-oncogene c-fos is different in nevus cells than in normal melanocytes, which may contribute to the different growth characteristics seen with nevus cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1997.tb00178.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suchtmittelnachweis (1999)
    Springer
    Der Internist 40 (1999), S. 601-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Drogen ; Nachweis ; Sucht ; Drogennachweis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Eine ausgefeilte Analytik vom Schnelltest bis hin zur Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie macht den Drogennachweis unter Umständen noch Monate nach der Einnahme möglich. Bei der Auswahl der Testverfahren sind natürlich auch ökonomische Gesichtspunkte und – je nach Herstellerfirma – unterschiedliche Empfindlichkeiten zu berücksichtigen. Im klinischen, vor allem aber im forensischen Bereich muß der Sicherheit der Ergebnisse von immunologischen Testverfahren besondere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden. Bei deren Anwendung, z.B. bei Amphetaminen, zu denen auch die Ecstasy-Verbindungen zählen, sind möglicherweise falsch-negative Befunde nicht auszuschließen. Auch die Ärztinnen und Ärzte, die mit Drogenabhängigen nur marginalen Kontakt und wenig Erfahrungen haben, sollten informiert sein, welcher Methoden man sich zum Drogennachweis bedient. Darüber wird in dieser Arbeit recht verständlich referiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001080050376
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Handlungsfähigkeit bei tödlichen oralen Intoxikationen mit Cyan-Verbindungen (1999)
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 9 (1999), S. 56-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Key words Cyanogen compounds ; Lethal oral ; intoxication ; Ability to act ; Schlüsselwörter Cyan-Verbindungen ; Tödliche orale Intoxikation ; Handlungsfähigkeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Einschätzung der Handlungsfähigkeit eines tödlich Vergifteten kann bei der Tatrekonstruktion sehr bedeutsam sein, insbesondere bei der Frage „Selbst- oder Fremdbeibringung des Giftes“. Klinische Publikationen gehen hierauf kaum ein. Deshalb wurden 27 Fälle tödlicher oraler Intoxikationen mit Cyan-Verbindungen der rechtsmedizinischen Institute Würzburg, Hamburg, München, Berlin (FU), Tübingen, Essen und Leipzig, bei denen eine Aussage zur Handlungsfähigkeit des später Verstorbenen möglich war, sowie die dazugehörigen polizeilichen und staatsanwaltschaftlichen Akten unter dieser Fragestellung ausgewertet. Ergebnis: in der Mehrzahl der Fälle betrug die Handlungsfähigkeit nur wenige Sekunden bis maximal 1 bis 2 Minuten. Im Untersuchungsgut und in der Literatur kamen allerdings auch Fälle vor, bei denen die Handlungsfähigkeit über ca. 5 bis 10 min erhalten war. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit sollen dem Gutachter als Leitlinie bei der Klärung einschlägiger Fälle dienen.
    Notes: Abstract An accurate assessment of the duration of the ability to act of a victim of lethal poisoning can be of crucial importance in reconstructing the cause of the poisoning, especially in determining whether the poison was taken by the victim or given by another. Clinical studies have scarcely dealt with this problem. We therefore investigated 27 cases of lethal oral intoxication with cyanogen compounds on file at the university institutes of forensic medicine in Würzburg, Hamburg, Munich, Berlin (Free University), Tübingen, Essen and Leipzig with regard to the victim’s postintoxication ability to act. In addition we examined the records of the respective police and prosecuters offices as well as the relevant literature. In most cases the ability to act lasted only a few seconds to a maximum of 1–2 min. However, in some of the 27 cases the ability to act lasted for 5–10 min, a finding which agrees with reports in the literature. The present study is intended to provide forensic expert witnesses with guidelines for clarifying similar cases of lethal oral intoxication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001940050080
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a solid-phase extraction procedure for the simultaneous determination of morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, codeine and dihydrocodeine in plasma and whole blood by GC/MS (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 109 (1996), S. 80-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Morphine ; Codeine ; Solid-phase-extraction ; Mixed mode solid-phase extraction ; GC/MS analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Different procedures of solid-phase extraction were re-examined and a new solid-phase extraction procedure was developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, codeine and dihydrocodeine in plasma and whole blood. The effects of different types of sorbent and buffer solutions on the recoveries and purity of the extracts were also studied. Some preparation techniques on whole blood samples were also investigated. The method developed using Chromabond C18 (100) with spiked plasma samples had good recoveries for all opiates of interest: morphine 93.1% ± 7.4%, 6-monoacetylmorphine 68.0% ± 6.7%, codeine 77.0% ±8.3% and dihydrocodeine 67.9% ± 8.4%. The detection limit of all compounds was less than 5 μg/L. The blank plasma showed no interfering peaks in the GC/MS-analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01355521
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