Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Conopids ; Bombus ; body size ; parasitism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The body size of the host insect in which a parasitoid develops can have important effects on its development and life history. Large and small host body size have both been suggested to be advantageous to parasitoids, depending on the life-history of the species concerned. We test field data on the bumblebeeBombus terrestris and its conopid parasitoids for evidence of differences in size between parasitised and unparasitised worker bees. Bees acting as hosts for conopid parasitoids are on average larger-bodied than unparasitised bees. This result holds for bees collected in two different years, and whether bees are collected while foraging or from the nest. The results we present demonstrate differential parasitism of hosts of different body sizes, but do not necessarily indicate active host choice by conopids. However, they are in agreement with independent evidence that conopids develop more successfully in large-than in small-bodied hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Substrate oxidation ; glycogenolysis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Resting, post-absorptive endogenous glucose production (EGP), fractional gluconeogenesis and liver glycogen concentration were assessed in 6 lean and 5 obese non-diabetic subjects undergoing elective abdominal surgery. During the 2 days preceding these measurements, 0.3 g/day U-13C glucose had been added to their usual diet to label their endogenous glycogen stores. On the morning of day 3, EGP was measured with 6,6-2H glucose. Their endogenous 13C glycogen enrichment was calculated from 13CO2 and respiratory gas exchanges. Fractional gluconeogenesis was assessed as 1-(13C glucose/13C glycogen) · 100. EGP was similar in lean subjects (113 ± 5 mg/min) and in obese subjects (111 ± 6). Fractional gluconeogenesis was higher in obese (59 ± 10 %) than in lean subjects (29 ± 8 %). However, overall EGP remained constant due to a decrease in glycogenolysis. Since an increased gluconeogenesis and a decreased glycogenolysis may both contribute to increase liver glycogen concentration in obesity, hepatic glycogen concentrations were assessed in hepatic needle biopsies obtained during surgery. Hepatic glycogen concentrations were increased in obese patients (515 ± 38 mg/g protein) compared to lean subjects (308 ± 58, p 〈 0.05). It is concluded that in obese patients: a) fractional gluconeogenesis is increased; b) overall EGP is unchanged due to a proportional inhibition of glycogenolysis; c) liver glycogen concentration is increased. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 463–468]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Gastro-entero-endocrine cells ; Enteric nerve fibers ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Somatostatin ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Neuropeptide Y ; Insulin-like growth factor I ; Pancreastatin ; Neurotensin ; Substance P ; Gastrin ; Cholecystokinin ; Vasoactive intetinal polypeptide ; Serotonin ; Development ; Scophthalmus maximus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The ontogeny of endocrine cells and nerve fibers containing immunoreactivities for 12 regulatory peptides and serotonin was studied in the digestive tract of a flatfish, the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), using antisera specific for mammalian and teleostean hormones. Transient insulin-immunoreactive (-IR) endocrine cells were detected from day 5 to day 10 in stomach and intestine I. Somatostatin (SOM)-IR cells appeared at day 8 in the stomach anlage and intestine I. In contrast to the islet cells, they reacted with antisera against mammalian (m) SOM-14 and salmon (s) SOM-25. Infrequent nerve fibers reacting only with anti-mSOM-14 appeared around day 24. Thus, different forms of SOM seem to be present in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system and the enteric nervous system. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, salmon pancreatic polypeptide (sPP)- and mPP-immunoreactivities coexisted thoughout development. In entero-endocrine cells, NPY/PP-immunoreactivity was first observed at day 8 and around day 24 in enteric nerve fibers. Glucagon (GLUC)-IR entero-endocrine cells appeared at day 5. No coexistence of NPY/PP- and GLUC-immunoreactivities was observed. The first insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-IR cells were identified around day 8. They seemed to contain none of the other peptides. Their number and distribution exhibited great interindividual differences. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-IR entero-endocrine cells appeared as late as around day 24. The first VIP-IR nerve fibers, however, were identified at day 5. Infrequent neurotensin (NT)-IR cells appeared along the intestine around day 10 and NT-IR nerve fibers at day 17. The first serotonin (SER)-IR cells were observed in the stomach anlage around day 10 and SER-IR nerve fibers at day 15 thoughout the gastro-intestinal tract. Gastrin (GAS)/cholecystokinin (CCK)-IR cells appeared around day 11 in stomach and intestine I. The first substance P (SP)-IR enteric nerve fibers were detected around day 8 and SP-IR endocrine cells at day 11. Pancreastatin (PST)-IR cells were identified in the stomach anlage and intestine I around day 8 and contained NT-, GAS/CCK- and SER-immunoreactivities in coexistence. Thus, several developmental phases can be distinguished: (1) at the onset of exogenous feeding only transient INS-IR cells and VIP-IR nerve fibers are present; (2) a differentiated entero-endocrine system establishes during the early phase of exogenous feeding; (3) before the final differentiation of stomach and gut GAS/CCK-IR cells appear; (4) after metamorphosis most of the different types of regulatory peptide-containing nerve fibers develop, probably setting up the fine regulation of gastro-intestinal blood flow and motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gamma-Hydroxybuttersäure ; Alkoholentzugssyndrom ; Intensivstation ; Halluzinationen ; Hypernatriämie ; Metabolische Alkalose ; Key words Gamma-hydroxybutyrate ; Alcohol withdrawal syndrome ; Intensive care unit ; Hallucinations ; Hypernatraemia ; Metabolic alkalosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Seeing as gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and benzodiazepines interact with the GABA-transmitter system, we investigated whether GHB can replace the conventional therapy, which uses benzodiazepines in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in ICU settings. Methods: 42 chronic alcoholics were included in this prospective and randomized study. Folllowing the development of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, the patients were randomly allocated to the GHB or to the flunitrazepam group. In addition to this, clonidine was administered in order to treat autonomic signs of withdrawal. In cases were hallucinations occurred, haloperidol was administered. Results: There was no significant difference in the efficacy of treatment used in the duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay between groups. The patients in the GHB-group required significantly higher dosages of haloperidol and significantly lower dosages of clonidine. 14 out of 21 patients from the GHB-group developed hypernatriaemia and 15 out of 21 developed a metabolic alkalosis. Conclusions: Symptoms of the autonomic nervous system were more effectively prevented by GHB as evident in the lower dosage requirement of clonidine. However, GHB may not sufficiently block the hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system or may have an hallucinogenic effect itself. This may be evident from the higher dosages of haloperidol which were necessary. Due to the latter fact, the administration of GHB cannot be recommended in all patients suffering from AWS in ICU settings.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gamma-Hydroxybuttersäure (GHB) und Benzodiazepine interagieren beide mit dem gabaergen Transmittersystem. Vergleichend wurden sie zur intravenösen Therapie des Alkoholentzugssyndroms bei Patienten einer interdisziplinären operativen Intensivstation eingesetzt. Methodik: 42 alkoholabhängige Patienten, die ein Alkoholentzugssyndrom entwickelten, wurden randomisiert entweder mit GHB oder Flunitrazepam behandelt. Additiv erhielten sie symptomorientiert Clonidin oder Haloperidol. Ergebnis: Zwischen den Gruppen bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Effektivität der Therapie und der Dauer der intensivstationären Behandlung. Die Patienten der GHB-Gruppe benötigten jedoch signifikant höhere Dosen von Haloperidol und signifikant niedrigere Dosen von Clonidin. Als Nebenwirkungen traten in der GHB-Gruppe signifikant häufiger eine Hypernatriämie (14 von 21 Patienten) bzw. eine metabolische Alkalose (15 von 21 Patienten) auf. Schlußfolgerungen: Die vegetative Symptomatik war mit GHB besser therapierbar als mit Benzodiazepinen. Als Erklärung für den erhöhten Haloperidolbedarf in der GHB-Gruppe ist eine unzureichende Blockierung des dopaminergen Systems und damit die unzureichende Dämpfung der produktiv-psychotischen Symptomatik sowie ein halluzinogener Effekt der Substanz selbst denkbar. Deshalb kann GHB nur zur Therapie des Alkoholentzugssyndroms mit vegetativer Symptomatik, jedoch nicht bei Halluzinationen empfohlen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Human immundeficiency virus ; Apoptosis ; Fas antigen (CD95) ; p24 antigen ; Immune complex dissociation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Active T cell suicide (apoptosis) is supposed to be involved in the CD4+ T cell depletion in the course of HIV infection. We investigated the expression of the apoptosis-related antigen Fas on CD4+ T cells from 25 HIV-positive individuals (CDC I-III) and 8 HIV-negative controls by two-colour flowcytometry. In addition, we evaluated: total CD4 count, HIV p24 antigen concentration in serum after immune complex dissociation, and clinical course of infection in HIV-positive individuals. We found a significant increase in mean Fas expression on CD4+ T cells from HIV-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative individuals (85.84±14.92% vs. 64.28±7.59%, P〈0.001). Within the HIV-positive group the increase in Fas expression was correlated with the decline in CD4 count (r=−0.76, P〈0.001), p24 antigen concentration in serum after immune complex dissociation (r=0.67, P〈0.001), and CDC stage (r=0.73, P〈0.001). The upregulation of Fas antigen on CD4 cells is associated with CD4 depletion and other virological and clinical marker of disease progression in HIV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) ; Pneumonitis ; Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) ; Bone marrow transplantation (BMT)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a retrospective analysis lung biopsy specimens obtained postmortem from 30 consecutive allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients who had died of either interstitial pneumonitis (IP; 18/30 patients) or various other causes (12/30 patients) were studied for the local presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) by culture, in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry for HCMV proteins. All patients suffering from IP were found to be HCMV positive in the lung biopsy. PCR revealed the highest sensitivity for HCMV detection in lung biopsies, but in 15/18 PCR-positive samples local HCMV infection could be confirmed by at least one additional technique. All the lung biopsies obtained from the 12 patients without IP were negative for HCMV by all techniques applied, except one with a weak HCMV-DNA signal in the PCR assay. The severity of the clinical, as well as histological and immunohistological alterations in the lung did not correlate with the amount of HCMV-DNA or the number of HCMV-positive cells detected in the biopsy. An increase of HLA-class II antigen and of ICAM-1 expression on the alveolar epithelium, as well as presence of activated CD8+ or CD4+ lymphocytes infiltrating only HCMV-positive lung biopsies revealed T cell-mediated immune reactions to be involved in the pathogenesis of IP. Since all analyzed patients presented with severe acute or extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), but only those with pulmonary HCMV infection developed IP, dissemination of HCMV appears to be the primary requirement for the initiation of IP. GvHD, however, may interfere with normal control of subsequent antiviral immune responses and, thus, provoke the immunopathology of IP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Alcoholism ; Trauma ; Intensive care unit ; Complications ; Infection ; Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective A chronic alcoholic group following trauma was investigated to determine whether their ICU stay was longer than that of a non-alcoholic group and whether their intercurrent complication rate was increased Design Prospective study. Setting An intensive care unit. Patients A total of 102 polytraumatized patients were transferred to the ICU after admission to the emergency room and after surgical treatment. Of these patients 69 were chronic alcoholics and 33 were allocated to the non-alcoholic group. The chronic-alcoholic group met the DSM-III-R and ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence or chronic alcohol abuse/harmful use. The daily ethanol intake in these patients was ≥60 g. Diagnostic indicators included an alcoholismrelated questionnaire (CAGE), conventional laboratory markers and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. Measurement and results Major intercurrent complications such as alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), pneumonia, cardiac complications and bleeding disorders were documented and defined according to internationally accepted criteria. Patients did not differ significantly between groups regarding age, TRISS and APACHE score on admission. The rate of major intercurrent complications was 196% in the chronic alcoholic vs 70% in the non-alcoholic group (P=0.0001). Because of the increased intercurrent complication rate, the ICU stay was significantly prolonged in the chronic-alcoholic group by a median period of 9 days. Conclusions Chronic alcoholics are reported to have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. However, to our knowledge, nothing is known about the morbidity and mortality of chronic alcoholics in intensive care units following trauma. Since chronic alcoholics in the ICU develop mor major complications with a significantly prolonged ICU stay following trauma than non-alcoholics, it seems reasonable to intensify research to identify chronic alcoholics and to prevent alcohol-related complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Hypoxia ; Ischemia ; Acute phase proteins ; Cardiac arrest ; Infections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Inflammation and hypoxia are frequently associated, but their interaction is poorly understood. In vitro studies have shown that hypoxia stimulates the genes of acute phase proteins (APP) and cytokines known to induce APP. We decided to determine kinetics and potential determinants of an acute phase response after cardiac arrest and to assess whether isolated moderate hypoxia can induce APP in humans in vivo. Design: Prospective, observational study in patients and human experiment. Setting: Tertiary care university hospital. Patients and participants: 22 patients after primarily successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 7 healthy volunteers. Interventions: None in patients; exposure of volunteers to simulated altitude (460 torr/6 h). Results: Following CPR, type-1 APP (C-reactive protein, α1-acidglycoprotein, serum amyloid A) and type-2 APP (haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin) increased consistently within 1–2 days and the ’negative' APP transferrin was downregulated. This APP response occurred irrespective of the cause of arrest, the estimated time of anoxia, clinical course or patient outcome and was not different in patients with and without infectious complications. Exposure of healthy volunteers to less severe but more prolonged hypoxia did not induce APP, although a time dependent increase of serum erythropoietin (EPO) was measurable under these conditions, indicating the activation of oxygen dependent gene expression. Conclusions: (i) A marked acute phase response occurs regularly after cardiac arrest, but within the complexity of this situation the severity of hypoxia is not a predominant determinant of this response. (ii) Despite in vitro evidence for similarities in the oxygen dependent regulation of APP and EPO production, the oxygen sensitivity of these proteins in vivo is different. (iii) Measurements of APP are not revealing regarding infectious complications in the early phase after CPR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Alcoholism ; Trauma ; Intensive care unit ; Complications ; Infection ; Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective: A chronic alcoholic group following trauma was investigated to determine whether their ICU stay was longer than that of a non-alcoholic group and whether their intercurrent complication rate was increased. Design: Prospective study. Setting: An intensive care unit. Patients: A total of 102 polytraumatized patients were transferred to the ICU after admission to the emergency room and after surgical treatment. Of these patients 69 were chronic alcoholics and 33 were allocated to the non-alcoholic group. The chronic-alcoholic group met the DSM-III-R and ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence or chronic alcohol abuse/harmful use. The daily ethanol intake in these patients was ≥60 g. Diagnostic indicators included an alcoholism-related questionnaire (CAGE), conventional laboratory markers and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. Measurement and results: Major intercurrent complications such as alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), pneumonia, cardiac complications and bleeding disorders were documented and defined according to internationally accepted criteria. Patients did not differ significantly between groups regarding age, TRISS and APACHE score on admission. The rate of major intercurrent complications was 196% in the chronic alcoholic vs 70% in the non-alcoholic group (P=0.0001). Because of the increased intercurrent complication rate, the ICU stay was significantly prolonged in the chronic-alcoholic group by a median period of 9 days. Conclusions: Chronic alcoholics are reported to have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. However, to our knowledge, nothing is known about the morbidity and mortality of chronic alcoholics in intensive care units following trauma. Since chronic alcoholics in the ICU develop more major complications with a significantly prolonged ICU stay following trauma than non-alcoholics, it seems reasonable to intensify research to identify chronic alcoholics and to prevent alcohol-related complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 442-444 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Greenhouse effect ; Methane ; Cattle slurry ; Diurnal variations ; Arrhenius equation ; Micrometerorological CH4 emission technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Methane (CH4) emissions from stored slurry were successfully measured by a micrometeorological mass balance technique. Emissions during autumn to late winter ranged from 2 to 100kgCH4-Cha–1day–1. Diurnal variations of CH4 emissions were investigated by measuring emissions at several times during the day, correlated with slurry temperatures at 10cm depth and successfully modelled with the Arrhenius equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...