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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 42 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Habitat structure and habitat use by juvenile masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou Brevoort, in small streams in northern Hokkaido, Japan, were examined by considering ‘subunits’ (patches within channel units) as structural elements of stream reaches.2. Whole wetted channel surfaces of three study reaches were divided into 0.5 × 0.5 m quadrats, which were grouped into eight subunit types according to water depth and velocity, and substratum conditions by a cluster analysis. The subunit distribution showed a regular mosaic pattern corresponding to the channel-unit sequence in each of the three reaches.3. Juvenile masu salmon exhibited a strong preference for a subunit type characterized by greater depth and moderate current velocity (deep–moderate subunit; mean depth = 0.29 m; mean velocity = 0.19 m s−1). This subunit type usually occurred downstream of stretches with fast current. The preference of masu salmon for the deep–moderate subunit could be because of its usual spatial position in relation to other subunit types as well as to the characteristics of the subunit itself.4. The results suggest that the value of a habitat is determined not only by the characteristics of the habitat itself, but also by those of adjacent habitats. Therefore, habitat use by stream fish should be studied in the context of the whole ‘in-stream landscapes’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 48 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Smolt age and size, and individual growth during smoking were examined in a wild population of white-spotted charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis, in a small stream in northern Japan. Smolt size (110–210 mm F.L.) differed neither between sexes nor among age cohorts of 2–7 years. Back-calculation of riverine growth of smolts using otoliths showed a gradually increasing discrepancy in fork lengths of these age cohorts in both males and females, the faster-growing individuals smolting at an earlier age. A mark—recapture study on individually-identified fish revealed that the initial (spring-summer) length-frequency distribution of parr was unimodal, but became slightly skewed to the larger side in autumn, resulting in a bimodal distribution being evident by the following spring, with the upper modal group primarily composed of smolts. However, closer examination revealed that both male and female potential (subsequent) smolts were larger than the potential parr in the previous spring, the minimum lengths of the former being around 90–100 mm f.l. Specific growth rates of the potential smolts remained relatively high after summer through to the following spring, whereas those of the potential parr decreased after summer, despite having been similar between the two groups during the previous spring and summer. These observations revealed that the developmental triggering of smelting possibly occurs in or following the summer season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 44-46 (July 1995), p. 863-882 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. S313 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 62.20.Dc; 68.35.Gy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.80.Jh; 61.16.Ch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 633-637 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Sparfloxacin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of acidification and alkalinization on the pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in healthy subjects. Methods: A single 200-mg oral dose of sparfloxacin was given to nine healthy Japanese volunteers on three separate occasions under different conditions of urinary pH. Acidic and alkaline conditions were achieved by repeated oral doses of ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, respectively. The concentrations of sparfloxacin and its metabolite in plasma and urine were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography assays. Results: The difference between treatments for Cmax, AUC∞, and CL · f−1 were found to be significant. The relative bioavailability of sparfloxacin was 84.4% and 122.3% after ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate treatments, respectively. The amount of unchanged sparfloxacin in urine samples collected 0–48 h after sparfloxacin administration represented 10.1% of the dose in the control, 14.3% of the dose in urine acidification and 8.4% of the dose with alkalinization of urine. Renal clearance was found to depend on urinary pH. However, the plasma elimination and the metabolism of sparfloxacin were not significantly altered by acidification or alkalinization of the urine. Conclusion: The urinary pH dependence of the renal clearance of sparfloxacin will be of minor clinical importance with regard to the low contribution of renal excretion to the overall elimination of sparfloxacin. On the other hand, the alteration in the environmental pH in the gastrointestinal tract, produced by the concomitant ingestion of ammonium chloride or sodium bicarbonate, influences the absorption and bioavailability of sparfloxacin. This effect is likely to be clinically significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Timolol ; Blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Timolol is widely used for the topical therapy of glaucoma. Adverse cardiovascular effects include slowing of the heart rate and weakening of myocardial contractility. We investigated pharmacodynamic interactions with respect to cardiovascular and ocular responses between timolol ophthalmic solution and either nicardipine, which does not directly inhibit cardiac conduction, or diltiazem, which does. Methods: Two studies utilized a randomized, double-blind, Latin-square, placebo-controlled design involving four separate treatments given at least 1 week apart. Eight healthy male Japanese volunteers received a single drop of 0.5% timolol or artificial tears in each eye with or without a single oral dose of nicardipine (40 mg), and with or without a single oral dose of diltiazem (60 mg). Subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer before and 1.5 and 3 h after dosing. At these times, heart rate and blood pressure were measured at rest and after exercise. The intraocular pressure was measured at rest. Results: One drop of 0.5% timolol per eye significantly reduced the exercise-induced increase in heart rate and blood pressure, and intraocular pressure at rest. The timolol ophthalmic solution suppressed the reflex sympathetic cardiac stimulation that resulted from the primarily vasodilative action of nicardipine. No additional reduction in heart rate occurred when the ophthalmic timolol solution was administered in conjunction with diltiazem. The concomitant use of timolol and nicardipine or diltiazem did not induce an additional reduction in intraocular pressure. Oral nicardipine or diltiazem did not reduce intraocular pressure. Care should be taken when using topical timolol in patients with cardiovascular or respiratory diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: CD5 ; Human leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) ; Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) t(11,14)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma with seropositivity for human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), whose clinical features were closely related to those of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, is presented. The neoplastic cells of the lymph node were immunologically positive for CD5, in addition to several B-cell markers, but negative for CD10, and cytogenetically carried a t(11;14)(q13;q32). These findings were fully consistent with so-called mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In addition to the lymph nodes and bone marrow, multiple extranodal sites including lacrimal and salivary glands, lung and stomach (where MALT is present) were occupied by lymphoma cells. These extranodal lesions were immunologically identical to the lymph nodes (CD5(+), CD10(−)), but histologically showed lymphoepithelial lesions (LEL) characteristic of MALT lymphoma. These findings suggest a possible relationship between MCL and MALT lymphoma, and the neoplastic cells are thought to originate from the CD5-positive B cells, which are present near the areas across the mantle and marginal zones. Furthermore, HTLV-I-infection, which appears to create an immunodeficient state or modulate the B-cell response, is thought to play a role in B-cell lymphomagenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words CD5 ; Human leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) ; Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) ; Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) ; t (11;14)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  A case of small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma with seropositivity for human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), whose clinical features were closely related to those of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, is presented. The neoplastic cells of the lymph node were immunologically positive for CD5, in addition to several B-cell markers, but negative for CD10, and cytogenetically carried a t (11;14)(q13;q32). These findings were fully consistent with so-called mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In addition to the lymph nodes and bone marrow, multiple extranodal sites including lacrimal and salivary glands, lung and stomach (where MALT is present) were occupied by lymphoma cells. These extranodal lesions were immunologically identical to the lymph nodes (CD5(+), CD10(-)), but histologically showed lymphoepithelial lesions (LEL) characteristic of MALT lymphoma. These findings suggest a possible relationship between MCL and MALT lymphoma, and the neoplastic cells are thought to originate from the CD5-positive B cells, which are present near the areas across the mantle and marginal zones. Furthermore, HTLV-I-infection, which appears to create an immunodeficient state or modulate the B-cell response, is thought to play a role in B-cell lymphomagenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 63 (1998), S. 35-48 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mikroskopisch zeigt Alkalifeldspat aus einem Quarz-Syenit von Oki-Dozen, Japan, klare und trübe Bereiche. Die klaren Bereiche treten in den inneren Zonen von Feldspatkörnern auf und sind kryptoperthitisch. Die getrübten Ränder sind Film-Mikroperthite während Mosaik-Perthite Trübung in Kern-und Randbereichen zeigen. Die Trübung ist auf die Anwesenheit zahlreicher Mikroporen zurückzuführen. Die chemische Zusammensetzung der ursprünglichen klaren Feldspäte ist etwa Or33Ab64An3. Die Kerne der mikroperthitischen Feldspäte haben niedrigere An-Gehalte als die klaren Feldspäte. Im Unterschied führen die Mikroperthit-Ränder kein Kalzium. Die Zonierungsmuster, d.h. Ca-reiche Kerne und Ca-arme Ränder, sind sehr typisch für alle Feldspäte. Die generelle Ca-Verteilung weist auf eine sekundäre Ca-Verarmung der Feldspäte im Zuge hydrothermaler oder deuterischer Prozesse hin. Die Bildung Orreicher Gängehen, die die Feldspatkörner durchsetzen und von Albiträndern stimmen mit diesem Modell überein. Die Ca-Verteilungsmuster in Alkalifeldspat erlauben somit Einblicke in und geben nützliche Informationen über geologische Prozesse.
    Notes: Summary Microscopically alkali feldspar in a quartz syenite from Oki-Dozen, Japan, consists of clear and turbid areas. Clear areas occur in the interiors of feldspar grains and are cryptoperthitic. Film microperthites are developed with turbidity in the rims, and mosaic microperthites are developed with turbidity in the interiors and in the rims. Turbidity is attributed to the presence of abundant micropores. The chemical compositions of pristine clear feldspars are around Or33Ab64An3. The interior microperthitic feldspars have lower An content than the clear feldspars. Some areas of the clear and microperthitic feldspars in the interiors are poor in calcium. In contrast, the microperthitic rims contain almost no calcium. The zonal patterns of calcium-rich cores and calcium-poor rims are very distinct in almost all feldspar grains. The overall calcium distribution patterns suggest a secondary calcium-depletion from the feldspars during hydrothermal or deuteric reactions. The development of Or-rich veins transversing feldspar grains and rim albite is consistent with this model. Calcium distribution patterns in alkali feldspar provide new and useful information on processes during geologic events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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