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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Hemofiltration ; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ; Tumor necrosis factor α ; Interleukin-6 ; Clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that continuous hemofiltration increases interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) clearances and results in decreased cytokine plasma concentrations independent of renal function in patients with early SIRS. Design: Prospective, controlled, randomized study. Setting: Intensive care units at a university hospital. Patients: 28 consecutive patients who fulfilled the criteria of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Interventions: Patients with SIRS were randomly assigned to either a hemofiltration or a control group irrespective of renal function. In patients of the hemofiltration group an isovolemic hemofiltration was initiated directly after the diagnosis of SIRS and maintained for at least 48 h. Measurements and results: A significant (p 〈 0.001) increase in total IL-6 clearance (hemofiltrate + urine), but not in TNFα clearance, was observed with hemofiltration. However, the plasma concentrations of both cytokines remained unchanged. Hemodynamic variables did not change significantly. Conclusions: Continuous hemofiltration increases IL-6 plasma clearance but not TNFα clearance. However, hemofiltration failed to decrease plasma concentrations of TNFα and IL-6 and, therefore, cannot be used effectively for cytokine elimination in SIRS. Accordingly, beneficial effects occasionally reported with hemofiltration are unlikely to be expected due to elimination of IL-6 or TNFα.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 28 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: We examined whether perceived behavioral control (PBC) and self-efficacy (S-E) can be distinguished empirically, and whether they make different contributions to the prediction of intentions and behavior. The behavioral criterion was performance in 3 high-school examinations. Measures of attitude, subjective norm, PBC, S-E, and intention were taken before the examinations. Grade achieved served as the behavioral measure. Factor analysis of items intended to measure PBC and S-E extracted 2 factors: confidence in ability to achieve the behavioral outcome, and belief that the outcome can be influenced by own efforts. Scores on these factors were labeled S-E and perceived control, respectively. Behavior was predicted better by S-E than by intentions, and intentions were more closely related to S-E than to attitudes, subjective norms, or perceived control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy ; Complications ; Results ; Tracheal stenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To analyze perioperative and postoperative complications and long-term sequelae following percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT). Design: A prospective clinical study of patients undergoing PDT. Setting: Seven intensive care units at a University hospital Patients: 326 intensive care patients (202 male, 124 female; age: 11–95 years) with indications for tracheostomy. Interventions: Using tracheoscopic guidance, 337 PDTs were performed according to Ciaglias' method. In 106 decannulated patients, tracheal narrowing was assessed by plain tracheal radiography. Results: Two procedure-related deaths were seen (0.6 %). Perioperative and postoperative complications occurred with 9.5 % of the PDTs. One of 106 patients, who were followed-up for at least 6 months, showed a clinically relevant tracheal stenosis. Subclinical tracheal stenosis of at least 10 % of the cross-sectioned area was recognized in 46 of 106 patients (43.4 %). In the univariate analysis, the degree of stenosis was influenced by the age of the patient (p = 0.044), the duration of intubation prior to PDT (p = 0.042) and by the duration of cannulation (p = 0.006). These parameters had no statistical significance in a multiple regression model. Conclusion: When performed by experienced physicians, percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy under fiberoptic guidance is a safe method. The risks of early complications and of clinically relevant tracheal stenoses are low. Subclinical tracheal stenoses are found in about 40 % of patients following PDT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter MRT ; Kinder ; Tumor ; Abdomen ; Differentialdiagnose ; Key words MRI ; Pediatric ; Tumor ; Abdomen ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: To evaluate the potential of MRI in determining benign and premalignant abdominal tumors in childhood. Methods: MR images of 93 children with 69 malignant and 24 benign abdominal tumors were analyzed retrospectively without and with knowledge of clinical findings. Based on the final diagnosis, MR findings were surveyed with regard to the correct differential diagnosis and to the differentiation between benign and malignant masses. Results: Analysis of MRI alone revealed relatively low sensitivity of 67% for diagnosis of a benign tumor. The main reason was unspecific morphologic criteria leading to the false-negative diagnosis of a malignant tumor. Together with clinical and laboratory findings, sensitivity could be increased to 92%. The main criterion for differentiation of malignant tumors turned to be out the origin of tumor. Benign tumors could be best differentiated by their internal structure. Conclusion: When considering clinical findings in pediatric abdominal tumors, MRI represents a valuable modality for differential diagnosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung: Ziel der Arbeit ist die Bestimmung der Wertigkeit der MRT für die Unterscheidung benigner und prämaligner abdomineller Tumoren im Kindesalter. Methode: Bei 93 Kindern mit 69 malignen und 24 benignen abdominellen Raumforderungen wurden die MRT-Bilder retrospektiv ohne und mit Kenntnis der klinischen Befunde analysiert. Anhand der endgültigen Diagnose wurde die Aussagekraft der MRT in Bezug auf die korrekte Artdiagnose und die Unterscheidung zwischen benignen und malignen Tumoren überprüft. Ergebnisse: Bei der alleinigen MRT-Analyse wurde für die Diagnose „benigner Tumor” eine relativ niedrige Sensitivität von 67% erzielt. Die Hauptursache hierfür waren unspezifische morphologische Unterscheidungskriterien, die zur falsch-negativen Diagnose eines Malignoms führten. Zusammen mit den klinischen Befunden konnte die Sensitivität auf 92% angehoben werden. Als Hauptkriterium für die korrekte Artdiagnose zeigte sich bei den Malignomen die Organzugehörigkeit und bei den benignen Tumoren die Binnenstruktur. Schlußfolgerung: Im Rahmen der integrierten Diagnostik liefert die MRT einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Differentialdiagnostik kindlicher abdomineller Tumoren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Portal vein ; Arterialization ; Experimental liver transplantation ; Pfortaderarterialisierung ; Experimentelle Lebertransplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel der hier vorgelegten tierexperimentellen Untersuchungen war es, die zirkulatorischen, laborchemischen und histopathologischen Konsequenzen einer vollständigen Arterialisierung der Pfortader der Transplantatleber am Göttinger Miniaturschwein zu beurteilen. An 6 männlichen Göttinger Miniaturschweinen wurden orthotope Lebertransplantationen unter Verwendung eines passiven porto-jugulären Shunts durchgeführt. Mittels eines Iliakalarteriensegmentinterponats des Spendertiers wurde die A. hepatica (AH) der Transplantatleber End-zu-End anastomosiert; die Pfortader (PA) wurde mit dem Stumpf der internen Iliakalarterie ebenfalls End-zu-End verbunden. Die zentrale Anastomose erfolgte auf die suprarenale Aorta. Das Pfortaderblut wurde über einen End-zu-Seit-Shunt (PCS) in die infrahepatische V. cava drainiert. Es wurden folgende Parameter im Verlauf bestimmt: arterieller Blutdruck, Venendruck, Herzzeitvolumen, elektromagnetische Blutflußmessung über AH, PA, PCS, PA-Mitteldruck, Transaminasen, TPZ, Fibrinogen, Leberbiopsien und Sektionspräparate wurden histologisch untersucht. 1/6 Tieren starb wenige Stunden postoperativ. 2/6 Tieren starben nach 48 bzw. 72 h, 3 Tiere überlebten die vorgesehenen 7 Tage. Das HZV fiel intraoperativ initial um im Mittel 20% ab und lag zum Ende der Operation wieder im Bereich der Ausgangswerte von 2,2 l/min. Der Fluß in der arterialisierten PA lag trotz des reduzierten Durchmessers der Anastomose von 4 mm bei Öffnung der Gefäßklemme im Mittel bei 340 ml/min, zum Ende der Operation (Intervall der Messung 75 min) bei im Mittel 380 ml/min. Der Fluß über dem PCS und der AH blieb im Verlauf konstant. Als Mechanismus für dieses Phänomen wird eine Autoregulation der Leberdurchblutung auf sinusoidaler Ebene diskutiert. Von seiten der Laborparameter ebenso wie bei den histopathologischen Untersuchungen ergaben sich keine Veränderungen gegenüber einem historischen Kontrollkollektiv lebertransplantierter Tiere aus unserer Arbeitsgruppe. Die komplette Arterialisierung der PA wird bei der Lebertransplantation am Göttinger Miniaturschwein sowohl zirkulatorisch als auch leberfunktionell im Kurzzeitversuch über maximal 7 Tage gut toleriert. Langzeitergebnisse stehen noch aus.
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present experimental investigation was to assess the circulatory, biochemical and histopathological consequences of complete portal vein arterialization of the transplanted liver in ‘Göttinger’ miniature pigs. Orthotopic liver transplantations using a passive portojugular shunt were performed in six male ‘Göttinger’ miniature pigs. Using an iliac artery segment interposition of the animal donor, the hepatic artery (HA) of the transplant liver was anastomized end-to-end and the portal vein (PA) also united with the internal iliac artery stump end-to-end. The central anastomosis was performed onto the suprarenal aorta. Portal vein blood was drained into the infrahepatic caval vein via an end-to-side shunt (PCS). During the course, the following parameters were determined: arterial blood pressure, venous pressure, cardiac output, electromagnetic blood flow measurements across the HA, PA, and PCS, PA mean pressure, transaminases, partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen. Liver biopsies and autopsy specimens were investigated. One of six animals died a few hours postoperatively, two of six died after 48 and 72 h, respectively, whereas three pigs survived the scheduled 7 days. The cardiac output fell intraoperatively initially by an average of 20 % but had approximately the starting volume of 2.2 l/min at the end of the operation. Although the diameter of the anastomosis was reduced to 4 mm, the flow in the arterialized PA on average was 340 ml/min when the vessel clamp was opened. At the end of operation the mean was 380 ml/min, the interval of measurement being 75 min. The flow across the PCS and the HA were constant during the course. As mechanism for this phenomenon, autoregulation of the liver blood flow on a sinusidal level has been suggested. The biochemical results and the histopathological findings showed no change compared to previous findings in a control group of animals in which liver transplantion was performed by our team. Complete arterialization of the PA is well tolerated in liver transplantation in ‘Göttinger’ miniature pigs with regard to circulation and liver function in a short-term trial of a maximum of 7 days. Long-term results are still to come.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Portal vein ; Arterialization ; Experimental liver transplantation ; Schlüsselwörter Pfortaderarterialisierung ; Experimentelle Lebertransplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel der hier vorgelegten tierexperimentellen Untersuchungen war es, die zirkulatorischen, laborchemischen und histopathologischen Konsequenzen einer vollständigen Arterialisierung der Pfortader der Transplantatleber am Göttinger Miniaturschwein zu beurteilen. An 6 männlichen Göttinger Miniaturschweinen wurden orthotope Lebertransplantationen unter Verwendung eines passiven porto-jugulären Shunts durchgeführt. Mittels eines Iliakalarteriensegmentinterponats des Spendertiers wurde die A. hepatica (AH) der Transplantatleber End-zu-End anastomosiert; die Pfortader (PA) wurde mit dem Stumpf der internen Iliakalarterie ebenfalls End-zu-End verbunden. Die zentrale Anastomose erfolgte auf die suprarenale Aorta. Das Pfortaderblut wurde über einen End-zu-Seit-Shunt (PCS) in die infrahepatische V. cava drainiert. Es wurden folgende Parameter im Verlauf bestimmt: arterieller Blutdruck, Venendruck, Herzzeitvolumen, elektromagnetische Blutflußmessung über AH, PA, PCS, PA-Mitteldruck, Transaminasen, TPZ, Fibrinogen, Leberbiopsien und Sektionspräparate wurden histologisch untersucht. 1/6 Tieren starb wenige Stunden postoperativ. 2/6 Tieren starben nach 48 bzw. 72 h, 3 Tiere überlebten die vorgesehenen 7 Tage. Das HZV fiel intraoperativ initial um im Mittel 20% ab und lag zum Ende der Operation wieder im Bereich der Ausgangswerte von 2,2 l/min. Der Fluß in der arterialisierten PA lag trotz des reduzierten Durchmessers der Anastomose von 4 mm bei Öffnung der Gefäßklemme im Mittel bei 340 ml/min, zum Ende der Operation (Intervall der Messung 75 min) bei im Mittel 380 ml/min. Der Flußüber dem PCS und der AH blieb im Verlauf konstant. Als Mechanismus für dieses Phänomen wird eine Autoregulation der Leberdurchblutung auf sinusoidaler Ebene diskutiert. Von seiten der Laborparameter ebenso wie bei den histopathologischen Untersuchungen ergaben sich keine Veränderungen gegenüber einem historischen Kontrollkollektiv lebertransplantierter Tiere aus unserer Arbeitsgruppe. Die komplette Arterialisierung der PA wird bei der Lebertransplantation am Göttinger Miniaturschwein sowohl zirkulatorisch als auch leberfunktionell im Kurzzeitversuch über maximal 7 Tage gut toleriert. Langzeitergebnisse stehen noch aus.
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present experimental investigation was to assess the circulatory, biochemical and histopathological consequences of complete portal vein arterialization of the transplanted liver in `Göttinger' miniature pigs. Orthotopic liver transplantations using a passive portojugular shunt were performed in six male `Göttinger' miniature pigs. Using an iliac artery segment interposition of the animal donor, the hepatic artery (HA) of the transplant liver was anastomized end-to-end and the portal vein (PA) also united with the internal iliac artery stump end-to-end. The central anastomosis was performed onto the suprarenal aorta. Portal vein blood was drained into the infrahepatic caval vein via an end-to-side shunt (PCS). During the course, the following parameters were determined: arterial blood pressure, venous pressure, cardiac output, electromagnetic blood flow measurements across the HA, PA, and PCS, PA mean pressure, transaminases, partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen. Liver biopsies and autopsy specimens were investigated. One of six animals died a few hours postoperatively, two of six died after 48 and 72 h, respectively, whereas three pigs survived the scheduled 7 days. The cardiac output fell intraoperatively initially by an average of 20 % but had approximately the starting volume of 2.2 l/min at the end of the operation. Although the diameter of the anastomosis was reduced to 4 mm, the flow in the arterialized PA on average was 340 ml/min when the vessel clamp was opened. At the end of operation the mean was 380 ml/min, the interval of measurement being 75 min. The flow across the PCS and the HA were constant during the course. As mechanism for this phenomenon, autoregulation of the liver blood flow on a sinusidal level has been suggested. The biochemical results and the histopathological findings showed no change compared to previous findings in a control group of animals in which liver transplantion was performed by our team. Complete arterialization of the PA is well tolerated in liver transplantation in `Göttinger' miniature pigs with regard to circulation and liver function in a short-term trial of a maximum of 7 days. Long-term results are still to come.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 736-741 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bartonella quintana was grown from a lysiscentrifugation blood culture of an HIV-positive man who presented with lesions of bacillary angiomatosis in skin and bones. The isolate was identified by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and amplification of the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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