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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 88 (1999), S. 179-184 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Aortokoronare Bypass-Operation – minimalinvasive direkte Koronarrevaskularisation (MIDCAB) – Herz-Lungen-Maschine – Port-access-Systeme – Zukunftsaussichten ; Key words Coronary artery bypass grafting – minimal invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting MIDCAB – extracorporal circulation – port-access-systems – future aspects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The introduction of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery has expanded the technical armementarium for operative treatment of coronary artery disease. Minimal access surgery using partial sternotomy or anterior intercostal minimal thoracotomy can be combined with videoscopic techniques or port-access-methods. Either atrio-aortal cannulation, femoro-femoral or jugular-femoral connections to the pump are possible for extracorporal circulation (ECC). Even endoluminar occlusion of the aorta and application of cardioplegia into the aortic root can be considered and applied. Extracorporal circulation has developed into a safe standardized method. As far as pathophysiology is concerned, the decision to use ECC or not is of much more importance than the grade of invasiveness. Fundamentally we therefore need to distinguish between minimally invasive methods with and without ECC. Video-assisted coronary surgery in hearts under hypothermia and fibrillation with ECC is also recommended occasionally. Minimally invasive coronary artery procedures on beating hearts without ECC have to be done in a stabilized and bloodless operative field to allow the construction of high standard anastomoses between bypass grafts and coronary arteries. In practice, silicon occluders, epicardial and myocardial suture occlusion and fixation, mechanical stabilization devices, and pharmacologic induction of bradycardia are used. In principle a skilled surgeon should be familiar with all these methods to select the most suitable solution for the special clinical problem. A final judgement about each method is not possible up to now. High patient numbers have to be recruited in the groups and subgroups due to low mortality (1%) and morbidity (5%), otherwise statistical significance of the results cannot be gained.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durch die Einführung der minimalinvasiven Koronarchirurgie ist das methodische Spektrum zur Behandlung der koronaren Herzerkrankung erneut differenzierter geworden. Die Möglichkeiten des minimalen Zugangs durch Teilsternotomie oder durch interkostale anteriore Minithorakotomie können mit videoskopischen Methoden und mit sog. Port-access-Verfahren kombiniert werden. Neben der normalen atrio-aortalen Kanülierung für den Anschluß der Herz-Lungen-Maschine sind jugular- und femoro-femorale Anschlüsse an die Herz-Lungen-Maschine möglich. Sogar die intravasale endoluminale Ballonokklusion der Aorta ascendens und die Applikation von kardioplegischer Lösung über den Okklusionskatheter in den Aortenbulbus können in die Überlegung einbezogen werden. Die Anwendung der Herz-Lungen-Maschine ist heute eine Standardmethode geworden, wenn auch pathophysiologisch die Entscheidung zur Operation mit oder ohne Herz-Lungen-Maschine das wesentlichere Unterscheidungskriterium als die Größe des operativen Zugangs ist. Es muß also zwischen minimalinvasiven Methoden mit oder ohne Herz-Lungen-Maschine streng unterschieden werden. Videoassistierte koronare Bypass-Chirurgie am hypotherm fibrillierenden oder stillgestellten Herzen unter Anwendung der Herz-Lungen-Maschine ist ebenfalls als sichere Methode empfohlen worden. Minimalinvasive Koronaroperationen am schlagenden Herzen ohne Herz-Lungen-Maschine setzen ein stabilisiertes und blutfreies “Kleinstoperationsgebiet” zur Anastomosierung von Bypass-Gefäß und Koronararterie voraus. Technisch werden intraluminale Silikon-Okkluder, epikardiale und tiefe myokardiale Nahtfixierung, Fingerstabilisierung, pharmakologische Induktion einer Bradykardie, myokardiale Stabilisierungsklemmen sowie am OP-Sperrer fixierte Hufeisenstabilisatoren genutzt. Dem Grunde nach sollte der erfahrene Operateur alle diese Methoden beherrschen, um ein methodisches Konkurrenzdenken zu vermeiden und um die beste Möglichkeit zur Lösung des klinischen Problems auswählen zu können. Eine sichere Beurteilung der Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Methoden und ihrer Kombinationen ist zur Zeit nicht möglich, da bei den geringen Letalitäten (ca. 1%) und Morbiditäten (ca. 5%) sehr große Patientenzahlen benötigt werden, um die einzelnen Gruppen und Untergruppen statistisch in ihren Ergebnissen vergleichen zu können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy ; Complications ; Results ; Tracheal stenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To analyze perioperative and postoperative complications and long-term sequelae following percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT). Design: A prospective clinical study of patients undergoing PDT. Setting: Seven intensive care units at a University hospital Patients: 326 intensive care patients (202 male, 124 female; age: 11–95 years) with indications for tracheostomy. Interventions: Using tracheoscopic guidance, 337 PDTs were performed according to Ciaglias' method. In 106 decannulated patients, tracheal narrowing was assessed by plain tracheal radiography. Results: Two procedure-related deaths were seen (0.6 %). Perioperative and postoperative complications occurred with 9.5 % of the PDTs. One of 106 patients, who were followed-up for at least 6 months, showed a clinically relevant tracheal stenosis. Subclinical tracheal stenosis of at least 10 % of the cross-sectioned area was recognized in 46 of 106 patients (43.4 %). In the univariate analysis, the degree of stenosis was influenced by the age of the patient (p = 0.044), the duration of intubation prior to PDT (p = 0.042) and by the duration of cannulation (p = 0.006). These parameters had no statistical significance in a multiple regression model. Conclusion: When performed by experienced physicians, percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy under fiberoptic guidance is a safe method. The risks of early complications and of clinically relevant tracheal stenoses are low. Subclinical tracheal stenoses are found in about 40 % of patients following PDT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 102 (1999), S. 500-504 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Shotgun injury • Thoracic trauma • Lead poisoning ; Schlüsselwörter Schrotschußverletzung • Thorakales Trauma • Bleivergiftung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand einer schweren thorakalen Schrotschußverletzung aus nächster Nähe wird das differenzierte chirurgische Management dieses Traumas erläutert. Eine Indikation zur notfallmäßigen operativen Exploration ergibt sich nur bei hämorrhagischem Schock, Perforation eines Hohlorgans oder einer Perikardtamponade. Auch unter toxikologischen Gesichtspunkten ist eine notfallmäßige Revision nicht gerechtfertigt.
    Notes: Summary Reporting the case of a short-range severe thoracic shotgun injury the differentiated management of this trauma is discussed. Indication for operative exploration under emergency conditions is hemorrhagic shock, perforation of esophagus/stomach and pericardial tamponade. Even under a toxicological point of view there is no indication for emergency revisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Cyclosporin A ; Drug monitoring; liver dysfunction ; transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Apparent cyclosporin A (CSA) blood levels, as determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), were compared in CSA-treated patients with various degrees of liver dysfunction. Methods: FPIA and EMIT were performed in parallel according to test manufacturer instructions in blood from kidney (n=82), liver (n=96) and heart transplant (n=20) patients. Results: The precision of both techniques was greatest in patients with the highest blood levels, and at each blood level greater for the FPIA than for the EMIT. Apparent CSA blood levels, as determined by EMIT, were typically approximately 70% of those determined by FPIA, indicating greater cross-reaction of the antibody in the FPIA with CSA metabolites. However, the ratio of values determined with EMIT and FPIA was very similar in kidney, liver and heart transplant patients. Among liver transplant patients it was also very similar in those without major alterations of hepatic function and in those with impaired excretory (increased bilirubin and γGT) or synthetic (i.e., reduced thromboplastin time) function. Extended storage of blood samples for up to 10 days did not affect apparent CSA blood level estimates by EMIT in a clinically relevant manner. Conclusions: We conclude that the greater specificity of the antibody in the EMIT for the CSA parent compound does not translate into a clinically relevant advantage for CSA monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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