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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Borrelia burgdorferi, afzelii, garinii ; Outer surface protein A ; ospA genes ; ospA sequence analysis ; Outer surface protein A serotypes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The genes coding for the outer surface protein A (OspA) of 19 different Borrelia burgdorferi strains belonging to the seven OspA-serotypes 1–7, previously described [Wilske et al. (1993) J Clin Microbiol, 31: 340–350], have been investigated. B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains were chosen from various biological sources (ticks, human skin and cerebrospinal fluid) as well as different geographical origins (Germany, Slovenia, Austria, United States). The open reading frames of all ospA genes consist of 819–825 nucleotides corresponding to proteins of approximately 30 kDa. The ospA sequences obtained in this study and previous published studies were compared with the results from OspA serotyping with monoclonal antibodies. The classification into the seven OspA serotypes could be confirmed on a genetic basis (ospA genotypes 1–7) for all strains analyzed so far (n=29). In addition, one strain without OspA expression could be assigned to ospA genotype 2. Genetic stability could be proven for the ospA gene of B. burgdorferi strain PWudI after inocculation and reisolation from a gerbil. However, we found evidence for intragenic recombination by cluster analysis of ospA sequence data. Accordance of ospA genotype 1 strains with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and ospA genotype 2 strains with B. afzelii, as well as the ospA genotype strains 3–7 with B. garinii was confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of MluI-digested genomic DNA. B. garinii is not only more heterogenous in respect to the OspA-encoding genes, but shows moreover major subgroups formed by genotypes 4, 5 and 6 and genotypes 3 and 7, respectively. The latter group has not been described previously and is specifically recognized by an OspA-specific monoclonal antibody L32 1F7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1484-1486 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For synchrotron diffraction experiments remotely controlled equipment is needed. For diffraction of samples under pressure in the Mbar range we have developed a hydraulic system with a specially modular system which can be adjusted to extreme parallel diamond faces. The system has been used in synchrotron experiments up to 1.1 Mbar for determining the compressibility of iron and gold. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, der Erreger der Lyme-Borreliose, ist in Europa ausgesprochen heterogen. Da die äußeren Membranproteine OspA und OspC die Hauptkandidaten für eine Borrelien-Vakzine sind, wurde deren immunologische und molekulare Heterogenität untersucht. Aufgrund von Westernblotanalysen mit monoklonalen Antikörpern und Sequenzanalysen von PCR-amplifiziertem OspA und OspC fanden wir sieben verschiedene OspA- und 16 verschiedene OspC-Typen. Während Hautisolate (n=68) ganz vorwiegend (84%) OspA-Serotyp 2 (oderBorrelia afzelii) angehörten, waren Isolate aus Liquor cerebrospinalis und von Zecken (n=43 bzw. n=90) ausgesprochen heterogen im OspA-Typ mit Prävalenz der mitBorrelia garinii assoziierten OspA-Typen. OspA-Typ 4 fand sich oft bei Liquorisolaten (28%). Von Zecken wurde OspA-Typ 4 bisher nicht isoliert. Wie in einer anderen Studie berichtet, konnte jedoch Typ 4-OspA in Zecken mit der hochsensitiven PCR nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agent of Lyme borreliosis is considerably heterogeneous in Europe. Since the outer surface proteins OspA and OspC are the most promising candidates for aBorrelia vaccine the immunological heterogeneity of these proteins was investigated. By immunological analysis with monoclonal antibodies and sequence analysis of PCR amplified OspA and OspC at least seven and 16 different types, respectively, were found. Whereas skin isolates (n=68) were quite homogeneous (84% belonged to OspA-serotype 2 orBorrelia afzelii), isolates from human cerebrospinal fluid and from ticks (n=43 and n=90 respectively) were highly heterogeneous in their OspA-serotypes with prevalence of theBorrelia garinii associated types (about 70%). OspA-type 4 was often found among isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (28%). In ticks type 4 OspA has not been detected by culture so far. However, as reported in a previous study, type 4 OspA could be detected in ticks by the highly sensitive PCR technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using neutron diffraction (ND), muon-spin rotation/relaxation (μSR), and57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) we have investigated magnetic properties of the normal spinel (Zn)[Fe2]O4. In compounds which are slowly cooled from 1200°C to room temperature inversion is below detection limits. AtT N = 10.5 K the spinel exhibits long-range antiferromagnetic order (LRO). The transition as seen in thermal-scan spectra by MS is very sharp. However, ND andμSR experiments show that already at temperatures of ∼ 10T N a short-range antiferromagnetic ordering (SRO) develops which extends through ∼70% of the sample volume just aboveT N . BelowT N SRO and LRO coexist. At 4.2 K still ∼25% of the sample is short-range ordered. The regions over which the SRO extends have a size of ∼ 3 nm. Their fluctuation rates are in the GHz range. Modern ab initio cluster calculations successfully describe the magnetic hyperfine fields as well as the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor at the Fe sites. Covalency of the Fe-O and Zn-O bonds is important. The physical origin of the regions exhibiting SRO, however, remains unresolved at this point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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