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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (61)
  • 2005-2009  (8)
  • 1990-1994  (53)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous Three-Dimensional Examination of Interior Hair Structure (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ability to continuously examine the interior hair structure throughout a treatment process is very important in designing effective hair products. Microscopy is commonly used to observe the interior of hair, but this method requires a sliced sample, making continuous observation impossible. Use of X-ray computed tomography (CT) as a non-destructive measurement has been proposed, but this method has a disadvantage in that it is impossible to obtain full-color interior images of the sample. Thus, a non-destructive method for continuous, full-color examination of the interior hair structure has been lacking. In this study a new method is proposed that enables non-destructive and continuous measurement of the interior hair structure with color information. In our method, optical CT is used for reconstruction of the interior hair structure. Our new theories enabled us to solve the crucial problem of the large observational error of traditional optical CT systems caused by internal light scattering and to make its practical application possible. A new optical CT system based on our method was implemented. This system displayed sufficient accuracy when the phantom image was measured, and clear and full-color cross-sectional images were obtained without destruction of the sample when human hair was observed. When the bleaching and dyeing processes were continuously measured, changes in the interior hair with time could be observed. These results clearly indicate that our new method provides a powerful tool for research and product development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2005.00268_1.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryostat to provide a solid deuterium layer in a plastic shell for the Gekko XII glass laser system (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 3378-3383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A system to provide a liquid or solid deuterium shell target with a plastic ablator for laser implosion experiments was developed. The system is capable of filling a plastic capsule with deuterium gas of 11 MPa at room temperature at the firing position in the target chamber. Then, the target is cooled down to a cryogenic temperature to form a uniform liquid or solid fuel layer inside without exposing it to the atmosphere. Details of the system, tensile strength of polystyrene shells at low temperature, and the residual vapor pressure in the central void of the target at the laser irradiation are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142555
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Valence bands of poly(methylmethacrylate) and photoion emission in vacuum ultraviolet region (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 5423-5428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoion and photoelectron yields were measured for poly(methylmethacrylate) in the photon energy region of 8–40 eV using synchrotron radiation. Further, the valence-band structure was investigated with ultraviolet photoelectron spectra and valence effective Hamiltonian calculations. A significant difference was observed between the photon energy dependencies of photoion and photoelectron yields. The threshold energy for photoion emission was found to be 10.5 eV, while that for photoelectron emission was 8.5 eV, indicating holes created near the valence-band top do not contribute to the ion emission. At the higher-energy region, the ion emission efficiency was found to be enhanced in the photon energy region of 17–28 eV. The difference between the threshold energies of photoion and photoelectron emission and the enhancement of the photoion emission are discussed in conjunction with the valence-band structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351983
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved measurements of laser-induced shock waves in deuterated polystyrene porous targets by x-ray backlighting (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 735-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental studies are presented of laser-driven shock waves in deuterated polystyrene porous targets observed with x-ray streak shadowgraphy. Using two different target-mass densities of 0.1 g/cm3 and 0.2 g/cm3, the density dependence of the shock velocity was obtained as vs∝ρ−0.45±0.02 and agreed well with a simple scaling obtained from the Hugoniot relation. X-ray shadowgraphy has shown a shock formation in porous targets and analysis suggests that there are two parts to compression waves: a shock front and a following pileup zone of multiple shock waves. Temporal histories of the pressure, the temperature, and the compression were estimated from the measured shock velocities and the opacities. It was found that the pressure peak due to the shock front was retarded to that by the pileup zone. The pileup zone had a higher compression and followed a thermodynamic condition closer to an adiabat than the shock front.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859869
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of x-ray emission computed tomography for ICF research : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2783-2785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A computed tomographic (CT) technique has been developed to diagnose laser-irradiated spherical targets using x-ray emissions. The three-dimensional (3-D) x-ray distribution was reconstructed by using an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) from x-ray pinhole camera images obtained along different sight directions. 3-D distributions of electron temperature and density were measured by use of an absorption filter technique. Time-resolved 3-D x-ray emission images from an imploding hollow shell target were reconstructed with less than 100 ps temporal resolution by using x-ray multiframing cameras.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141830
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant photoexpansion in As2S3 glass (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2925-2927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: When illuminated with a focused beam from He-Ne lasers, As2S3 films with thickness of ∼50 μm exhibit the thickness expansion reaching to 3 μm, which is approximately 10 times as great as that expected from the conventional photoexpansion phenomenon. The enhancement seems to be caused by photorelaxation of strain generated by photoexpansion. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112533
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinduced Bragg reflector in As2S3 glass (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1771-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bragg reflectors have been fabricated in As2S3 glasses through the photoinduced refractive-index change process. Illumination of single monochromatic beams can produce Bragg reflectors with a half Bragg width of 2 nm in wavelength and the reflectivity estimated from the transmission decrease at 10%–20%. The reflectors can be erased with annealing and polychromatic illumination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111803
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of cavity effect on spontaneous emission lifetime in AlGaAs quantum microcavities using continuous tuning of emission wavelength (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 2944-2946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cavity effect on spontaneous emission lifetime has been observed through the continuous tuning of the emission wavelength by quantum confined Stark effect in AlGaAs Fabry–Perot microcavities. The obtained emission wavelength dependence of the exciton lifetime shows that the lifetime increases with the emission wavelength, specifically indicating a sharp increase at the cavity resonant wavelength. This behavior agrees well with the theoretical prediction based on the theoretical model of G. Björk, S. Machida, Y. Yamamoto, and K. Igeta [Phys. Rev. A 44, 669 (1991)]. Furthermore, we have also investigated the emission wavelength dependence of the transfer efficiency and obtained good agreement with the theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110280
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual monomers (TEGDMA and Bis-GMA) of a set visible-light-cured dental composite resin when immersed in water (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rods of a visible-light-cured dental composite resin were photo-polymerized and immersed in water at 37°C for 7 days. The residual monomers (TEGDMA and Bis- GMA) trapped in the set composite and those eluted into water were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. It became evident that minor amounts of the residual monomers dissolved in water, but that most residual monomers remained in the set composite. Extension of the irradiation period contributed to the significant reduction in the residual monomer level and its elution into water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1991.tb00067.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale DNA microarray analysis of atopic skin lesions shows overexpression of an epidermal differentiation gene cluster in the alternative pathway and lack of protective gene expression in the cornified envelope (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 152 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Atopic dermatitis (AD)-specific genes have not yet been clarified.Objectives  To identify gene expression specific to active atopic skin lesions.Methods  We analysed 23 000 genes in skin biopsy samples from 17 patients with AD and four normal controls using Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays.Results  Four of the 10 genes with the greatest differences in expression between patients and controls, S100A8 and S100A7 (upregulated), and loricrin and filaggrin (downregulated), were epidermal differentiation genes located on 1q21, a locus previously reported to have a genetic linkage with AD.Conclusions  Our results, showing downregulation of the cornified envelope genes and upregulation of the alternative keratinization pathway, are the first to suggest abnormal epidermal differentiation and defective defences as key abnormalities in AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06352.x
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