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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Novolever: A new cantilever for scanning force microscopy microfabricated from polymeric materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 3702-3706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new force sensor element based on multilayer thin film technology and adapted for optical readout in a conventional scanning force microscope has been developed. The use of polymers as cantilever materials enables the introduction of mechanical properties otherwise not accessible with microfabrication based on Si technology. The fully batched fabricated cantilevered force transducer is based on the photoresist novolak and incorporates an integrated EBD tip. Bending experiments on microstructures indicate that the Young's modulus of novolak is about two orders of magnitude lower than for Si. Therefore, in using a cantilever design similar to that with Si it is possible to fabricate more flexible structures from polymeric materials. The new force sensors have been tested and their performance has been evaluated on different samples. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144495
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The product composition regions of single-feed azeotropic distillation columns (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 31 (1992), S. 2345-2362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00010a014
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term response of a shallow, moderately flushed lake to reduced external phosphorus and nitrogen loading (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The responses of nutrient concentrations, plankton, macrophytes and macrozoobenthos to a reduction in external nutrient loading and to contemporary climatic change were studied in the shallow, moderately flushed Lake Müggelsee (Berlin, Germany). Weekly to biweekly data from 1979 to 2003 were compared with less frequently collected historical data.2. A reduction of more than 50% in both total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) loading from the hypertrophic (1979–90) to the eutrophic period (1997–2003) was followed by an immediate decline in TN concentrations in the lake. TP concentrations only declined during winter and spring. During summer, phosphorus (P) release from the sediments was favoured by a drastic reduction in nitrate import. Therefore, Müggelsee acted as a net P source for 6 years after the external load reduction despite a mean water retention time of only 0.1–0.16 years.3. Because of the likely limitation by P in spring and nitrogen (N) in summer, phytoplankton biovolume declined immediately after nutrient loading was reduced. The formerly dominant cyanobacteria (Oscillatoriales) Limnothrix redekei and Planktothrix agardhii disappeared, but the mean biovolume of the N2-fixing species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae remained constant.4. The abundance of Daphnia spp. in summer decreased by half, while that of cyclopoid copepod species increased. Abundances of benthic macroinvertebrates (mainly chironomids) decreased by about 80%. A resource control of both phytoplankton and zooplankton is indicated by significant positive correlations between nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biovolume and between phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass.5. Water transparency in spring increased after nutrient reduction and resulted in re-colonisation of the lake by Potamogeton pectinatus. However, this process was severely hampered by periphyton shading and grazing by waterfowl and fish.6. Water temperatures in Müggelsee have increased in winter, early spring and summer since 1979. The earlier development of the phytoplankton spring bloom was associated with shorter periods with ice cover, while direct temperature effects were responsible for the earlier development of the daphnid maximum in spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01430.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance of a single molecular spin (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 363 (1993), S. 242-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sublimation-grown single crystals of /?-terphenyl containing 10 7-10 8 mol/mol pentacene were cooled to 1.5K. As described in detail previously7, fluorescence excitation of single pentacene molecules in these samples was achieved by focusing a narrow-band single-mode laser to a spot of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363242a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-plane determination of 3D-velocity vectors using particle tracking anemometry (PTA) (1994)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 17 (1994), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A PTA-technique for the in-plane determination of the three flow velocity vector components based on the defocused imaging of stray-particles has been investigated. The conventional setup for 2-D PTA has been modified by broadening the laser light-sheet to a width of approximately 1.5 mm and focusing the imaging optics in a plane in front of the laser light-sheet. Particles in the light-sheet are imaged out of focus and the image size of a particle therefore depends on its distance to the focal plane of the imaging optics. The increase of the particle image diameter within single particle tracks due to the defocusing was used to determine the velocity component perpendicular to the light-sheet. The results obtained with this technique in a well defined laminar air flow are in good agreement with LDV-data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02412811
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the third velocity component with PTA using an intensity graded light sheet (1992)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 13 (1992), S. 357-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new method for the determination of the velocity field with all three velocity components in a light sheet was demonstrated that combines conventional particle tracking anemometry (PTA) with an intensity analysis of the particle flecks. The correlation between intensity and the dimension perpendicular to the light sheet was obtained from the monotonous variation of the laser light intensity across the width of the light sheet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209511
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of 50-MHz type-II coherent echoes from within the polar cap (1994)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 12 (1994), S. 765-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 50-MHz type-II coherent echoes at geometrical aspect angles of 11.5○ have been observed in the northern polar cap during pre-noon hours. The echoes had an unusually large Doppler width of 1200–1400 m s−1 and were well correlated with strong magnetic disturbances in the range 500–1000 nT. The dependence of intensity, spectral width and skewness versus radial velocity were similar to those known from previous experiments at lower latitudes and at small aspect angles. It is concluded that echo onset was due to the combination of several factors, including a highly conducting ionosphere, the presence of a very intense electric field, and strong radar wave refraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0765-1
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dimer-trimer model for heterogeneous catalysis (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 65 (1991), S. 839-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Dimer-trimer model ; catalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study a dimer-trimer lattice model for heterogeneous catalysis for the reaction 1/2A2+1/3B3→AB. The A2 and B3 particles require two and three active sites for their adsorption onto the lattice, respectively. The model is unusual in that it possesses an infinite number of absorbing states whereby the lattice is “poisoned” and reactions must stop. Previously studied models have only two absorbing states. In one dimension, the lattice poisons with mostly dimers and a few trimers even at vanishingly small dimer-adsorption probabilities and there is a discontinuity when this probability is zero. On the triangular lattice, the poisoned phases consist of only one component and vacancies, and the phase diagram is similar to that of the monomer-dimer model of Ziff, Gulari, and Barshad. However, the second-order transition belongs to a different universality class than Reggeon field theory, contrary to previous models. Finally, we present results for the Kagomé lattice, for which the poisoned phases consist of two components due to its smaller connectivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049584
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomechanics of valvular plane displacement of the heart (1991)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 86 (1991), S. 572-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Biomechanics ; valvular planedisplacement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There has been no consensus concerning the particular movement of the valvular plane of the heart (VPM). As shown in this study involving a mathematical model based upon the momentum equation and experiments on a specially designed artificial heart pump, the VPM not only results from the shortening of the heart, but also from blood flow within the heart and large blood vessels, from the forces caused by the muscle movements, and from the elastic properties of the heart's suspension. The results of the calculations and the experiments confirm the effect of the so-called valve mechanism and its influence on the economic beating action of the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190708
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1994)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 16 (1994), S. 248-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01720316
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