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Notes: Effects of interface structure and oxidation state were studied in stacked magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures with top and bottom antiferromagnetic layers to obtain optimum resistance and high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios for read heads. The roughness of the NiFe surface and the Al coverage were significantly improved by introduction of O2 surfactant gas on the Ta-seed-layer surface, which increased TMR ratios of the MTJ with low resistance area (RA) products of less than 10 Ω μm2. Furthermore, it was found that avoidance of Ni oxidation and Co oxidation at the tunnel barrier interface is essential to obtaining high TMR ratios, and that a good Al coverage and Fe–oxide formation may enhance TMR ratios when Fe-rich magnetic materials are used. For the top-type and bottom-type structures, a TMR ratio of 12%–17% with RA products of 6–7 Ω μm2 was obtained, which provides sufficient performance for read heads. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: Electrical resistivity ρ and magnetic properties of light rare-earth Heusler single crystals RInCu2, R=La, Pr, Nd, and Sm, have been measured in the temperature range 1.3–300 K. No anomalies due to magnetic transitions were found in the temperature dependence of ρ and magnetic susceptibility χ above 4.2 K. Pr and Nd Heusler compounds have large negative paramagnetic Curie temperatures −19 and −29 K, respectively. The temperature dependence of χ is discussed on the basis of the crystalline field effect. For Sm compound, χ(T) is discussed by means of Van Vleck paramagnetism.

Notes: The specific heats of the ferromagnetic compounds ErNi, GdNi, and HoNi were measured by means of the adiabatic method in the temperature range 2.2–100 K. The specific heats for these samples showed anomalies corresponding to the magnetic orders. For the result of ErNi above Tc we could analyze by Cv=γT+αT3. The electronic specific heat coefficient γ and the Debye temperature θD were estimated to be 90 mJ/mol K2 and 130 K, respectively. The magnetic entropy was discussed on the basis of the energy-level splitting due to the crystalline field.

Notes: In this letter, we report on the integration of epitaxial ferroelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films on Si [100] substrates using a SrTiO3 (STO) template layer and a conducting perovskite (La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3 electrode. X-ray diffraction studies reveal both in-plane and out-of-plane alignment of the heterostructure. The epitaxial films show extremely high remnant polarization as well as piezoelectric d33 coefficients compared to textured and untextured polycrystalline films. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: Transverse-mode characteristics of the distributed Bragg reflector-surface emitting laser diode with buried heterostructure were investigated as a function of the cavity size. Stable, fundamental transverse-mode operation was achieved for cavity openings of 4 μm in diameter and smaller. The effect of cavity size on threshold current and polarization characteristics is also discussed.

Notes: —In growing rat brain, the specific activity of DNA at 12 h after the subcutaneous injection of [3H]thymidine underwent a sharp rise during the first 6 days of life, dropping just as precipitously by 15 days, thereafter continuing to decrease with increasing age.When [3H]thymidine was given to 6-day-old rats, a considerable amount was taken up immediately into the brain. Thymidine taken up into the acid-soluble fraction was readily phosphorylated to its nucleotides, thymidine mono-, di-, and triphosphate (TMP, TDP and TTP) within only 30 min following injection. The highest specific activity was found in TTP. The incorporation of of [3H]thymidine into DNA took place over a longer period of time after injection.

Notes: Little work has been done on the chemical and physical properties of brain nuclear DNA. Recently Du Buy, Mattern and Riley (1966) described the heat denaturation of mouse brain nuclear DNA, which apparently differs from the related mitochondrial DNA and the various protozoal DNA's tested. For such studies, it is essential to prepare the nuclear DNA from brain tissues in a native and highly polymerized state. In this brief communication preparation procedures of the native DNA from isolated brain nuclei are described, and some physical and chemical properties are given.

Notes: Abstract— Rat brain polysomes were prepared from a deoxycholate-treated postmito-chondrial supernatant in the presence of 2% bentonite and 1 mg/ml of yeast RNA to prevent partial degradation during preparation.〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1The polysomal preparations had an absorption maximum at 260 mμ and an absorption minimum at 235 mμ. The ratio of absorption maximum to minimum and the RNA to protein ratio were 1·58 and 1·06 respectively in 6-day-old rat brain polysomes. The sedimentation patterns showed six distinct peaks with sedimentation coefficients of 235S, 185S, 173S, 135S, 100S and 80S, indicating that these preparations have the characteristics of pure heavy polysomes.〈list xml:id="l2" style="custom"〉2The rate of [14C]phenylalanine incorporation into brain polysomal protein was maximal at approximately 10 days of age and decreased thereafter. A similar progressive reduction with increasing age was found in the stimulation of phenylalanine incorporation by the addition of 60 μg/tube of polyuridylic acid. However, the incorporation of phenylalanine into young rat brain polysomes was usually greater even with the addition of polyuridylic acid than in the older animals.〈list xml:id="l3" style="custom"〉3The comparative studies on sucrose density gradient centrifugation of polysomes between young and adult rat brains showed a considerable decrease of heavy polysomes in the older animals.〈list xml:id="l4" style="custom"〉4The effect of various factors on the stability of brain polysomes from both ages has been studied. The rates of RNA, protein and acid-soluble phosphorus release from polysomes of the adult rat brains were usually greater in the presence of high salt concentration, ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid and urea than those from the corresponding preparations of younger animals. On the basis of evidence obtained from the above results it suggested that the adult brain polysomes were more unstable than those of younger animals.〈list xml:id="l5" style="custom"〉5The amount of polysomal RNA linearly increased up to the first 20 days after birth and then levelled off. The ratio of G + C/A + U of polysomal RNA was less in the young rat brains, falling to 1·30 as compared to 1·50 in older animals. The differences were statistically significant at less than a 1% level of confidence.〈list xml:id="l6" style="custom"〉6Polysomal preparations also contained RNase, phosphomonoesterase, phospho-diesterase and 5′-nucleotidase activities which cannot be washed off. The specific activities of these enzymes were generally higher in young rat brains than those in the adult.