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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 1 (1991), S. 119-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper it is suggested that techno-economic paradigms should not only be considered as means of coordination among the producers of technological knowledge but also as means of coordination between groups of producers and users of specific types of artefacts, as shared specifications of typical interfaces between the two parties. If such interfaces are simplified and standardized, the information needs of the parties will be delimited (and this is necessary in the worlds of bounded rationality à la Simon and Hayek). However, successful product innovation will often presuppose an information-rich interaction and thereby often presuppose non-standardized interfaces. In the paper these two conflicting principles are developed in order to clarify several controversial issues within the theory of innovation and evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 6 (1996), S. 217-224 
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Debris lobes with characteristic lengths, widths, and thickness of 30–200 km, 2–10 km, and 10–50 m, respectively, represent the main building blocks of deep-sea fans along the Norwegian–Barents Sea continental margin. Their formation is closely related to the input of clay-rich sediments to the upper continental slope by glaciers during periods of maximum ice advance. It is likely that slide release was a consequence of an instability arising from high sedimentation rates on the upper continental slope. The flow behavior of the debris lobes can be described by a Bingham flow model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 10 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to study the changes in pulpal blood flow (PBF) evoked by application of cold or heat to the palatinal surfaces of teeth 11 or 21 in nine young subjects. Switching from a thermode temperature of 33° to 5° G on average induced a slow decrease of PBF to about 80% of control, and also warming to 39°C evoked a small reduction in most subjects. Inter individual differences were large, however, and both cooling and warming sometimes triggered a rise in PBF. In contrast, skin blood flow, as recorded with LDF in the forearm, invariably rose during warming and fell during local cooling. The results suggested a more complex interaction between local and nervously mediated effects of moderate changes in temperature in the tooth pulp than skin, and that the previous held view of cold and heat decreasing and increasing PBF, respectively, is wrong.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    International journal of gynecological cancer 3 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: From September 1981 to September 1986, 417 consecutive treated patients with epithelial ovarian cancer FIGO stage I and II were registered by the Danish Ovarian Cancer Group (DACOVA). Typing and grading were primarily performed by several pathologists, with and without training in gynecologic pathology. Review typing by one specially trained pathologist showed an agreement rate of 72% for serous and endometrioid carcinoma, 86% for mucinous and 100% for clear cell carcinoma. The agreement rate was calculated for patients primarily classified by pathologists trained in gynecologic pathology and for patients primarily classified by pathologists with and without training. The agreement rate was not better for the group of pathologists with special training in gynecologic pathology. Grading was performed according to two classifications: one based on architectural pattern and one on combined criteria. Review grading showed an agreement rate of 77% for architectural classification and an agreement rate of 52% for combined classification. The agreement rate between the two grade classifications at review was only 62%. Combined grading showed a significant tendency towards classifying more tumors as low grade. All grade classifications had prognostic value. The poor agreement rate of both type and grade even when performed by pathologists with expertise in gynecologic pathology, calls for a better and more reproducible characterization of malignant ovarian tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 9385-9387 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Deep-level transient spectroscopy has been combined with ion implantation in low-temperature investigations of deep centers in silicon. We demonstrate that thermal radiation, originating from vacuum chamber walls, can influence in situ recording of emission rates significantly. As an example, the emissivity (en) of the hydrogen E3′ center was found to be dominated by an optical contribution at temperatures below ≈65 K. A typical value, en(op)≈5.5 s−1, has been recorded in measurements with unshielded Au Schottky diodes. This effect of thermal radiation vanishes when a diode is fully encapsulated and thereby in thermal equilibrium with the radiation field. The optically induced emissivity is particularly large for the hydrogen center used here to illustrate the effect but has been observed for other deep centers as well. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 126 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During wound healing of human skin the deposition of foetal antigen 2 (FA2) and basement membrane (BM) components collagen type IV and collagen VII was followed. FA2 appeared on day 8 in the cytoplasm of proliferating fibroblasts and around newly formed blood vessels. As granulation tissue was formed, FA2 was seen diffusely in the loose matrix and in proliferating fibroblasts. Reestablishment of FA2 as a broad diffuse band along the BM at the dermo-epidermal junction was seen on day 22. In contrast, type IV and VII collagen were found along the BM and in the basal cells of the newly formed epithelium and a continuous linear BM distribution of these two components were reestablished by days 12 and 14, respectively. The molecular weight (Mr) analysis of FA2, isolated from human skin fibroblast culture supernatants using SDS–PAGE, revealed a Mr of 27 kDa, corresponding to that of FA2 isolated from amniotic fluid.The presence of FA2 in proliferating fibroblasts and diffusely in the newly formed matrix of granulation tissue, as well as its late appearance at the BM after this had become established, suggests that FA2 takes part in connective tissue metabolism and perhaps tissue morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 349 (1991), S. 513-516 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The former western and southwestern margins of the Fennoscandian ice sheet extended onto the continental shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; -18 kyr BP), and it has been widely supposed, on the basis of off-shore mollusc 14C dates that deglaciation of the shelf occurred -13 kyr BP11. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 10 (1995), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Deux études prospectives ont été entreprises afin d'examiner le rôle d'une surinfection bactérienne dans les résultats des excisions avec suture primaire des sinus pilonidaux chroniques. Dans la première étude 52 patients consécutifs ont reçu une prophylaxie de clocacillin. Dans la deuxième étude randomisée 51 patients ont reçu soit 2 grammes de cefoxitin intraveineux (n=25) ou aucune prophylaxie (n=26). Chez 49 des 98 patients (50%) aucun micro-organisme n'a été isolé du sinus en préopératoire. Les complications septiques ont été observés en postopératoire chez 61% des patients (63/103). Une culture positive a été retrouvée chez 47 des 49 prélèvements postopératoires (96%). La présence préopératoire de bactéries n'a pas été associée de manière significative avec les complications postopératoires. Les germes anaérobes ont été isolés chez 40% des patients préopératoires alors que des aérobes étaient cultivés chez 43% en postopératoire. Après une période de 30 à 42 mois des récidives sont apparues chez 13% (7/52) qui avaient reçu de la cloxacillin. Aucune récidive n'a été observée dans la deuxième étude après une période d'observation de 18 à 30 mois. Le taux moyen des récidives est de 7% dans les deux études. Nous concluons de cette étude que la présence préopératoire de bactéries, habituellement des anaérobes, dans des sinus pilonidaux chroniques n'influencent pas le taux de complications postopératoires, étant donné que l'on ne retrouve le plus souvent en cas de surinfection que des germes aérobes.
    Notes: Abstract Two prospective studies were undertaken to examine the role of bacteria in the outcome after excision and primary suture for chronic pilonidal sinus disease. In the first study 52 consecutive patients were given cloxacillin as prophylaxis. In a second randomised study 51 patients were given 2 g cefoxitin intravenously (n=25) or no prophylaxis (n=26). From 49 out of 98 patients (50%) no microorgansims were isolated from sinuses preoperatively. Wound complications were observed postoperatiely in 61% of the patients (63/103). A postoperative bacteriology sample was positive in 47 of 49 samples (96%). Preoperative presence of bacteria was not significantly associated with wound complications. Anaerobe isolates were present in 40% of patients preoperatively whereas aerobes were cultured in 43% postoperatively. After an observation period of 30–42 months, recurrences were 13% among the patients (7/52) who had been given cloxacillin. No recurrences were seen in the last study after an observation period of 18–30 months, for an overall 7% in both studies. We conclude that preoperative bacterial isolates, usually anaerobes, in chronic pilonidal sinuses do not influence the complication rate since bacterial isolates from infected wounds are mostly aerobes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 10 (1995), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cent-vingt-deux patients porteurs d'un sinus pilonidal ont été étudiés afin de déterminer l'existence de facteurs favorisant le développement ou la permanence de l'affection. L'incidence de la maladie a été calculée comme étant de 26 pour 100000 habitants. Elle survient 2,2 fois plus fréquemment chez l'homme que chez la femme. Les premières manifestations cliniques apparaissent à 21 ans et 19 ans chez la femme. La durée d'évolution moyenne de l'affection anamnestique est de deux ans avant que le patient ne soit adressé pour traitement. Une anamnèse familiale a été identifiée chez 38% des malades. Cinquante pour cent ont un poids corporel normal et 37% présentent un excès pondéral. Un traumatisme local ou une irritation précède le développement de l'affection chez 34% des patients et une occupation sédentaire est relevée chez 44%. Le sexe masculin, l'adolescence ou la jeunesse et une prédisposition familiale semblent être associés avec le développement d'un sinus pilonidal. Le traumatisme local et l'excès pondéral sont parmi les facteurs les plus importants qui prédisposent au développment d'un sinus pilonidal symptomatique.
    Notes: Abstract Three hundred and twenty two patients with pilonidal sinus disease were studied to determine factors for the development and maintenance of the disease. A calculated incidence of the disease of 26 per 100000 inhabitants was found. It occurred 2.2 times more often in men than in women. Age at presentation was 21 years for men and 19 for women. Patients had two years (median) disease history before being referred for treatment. A family history could be found in 38% of the patients. 50% had normal body weight, and 37% were overweight. Local trauma or irritation preceded the condition in 34%, and a sedentary occupation was reported by 44%. Male sex, adolescence or youth, and a familial disposition seem to be associated with the development of pilonidal sinus. Local trauma and overweight are the most important conditioning factors for development of symptomatic pilonidal sinus disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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