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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of soil properties on leaf nitrogen release (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 238-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Leaves ; Decomposition ; Nitrogen release ; Soil properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Identifying the determinants of the N dynamics of plant prunings or litter is important for the efficient management of agroecosystems in order to improve their productivity. The plant materials in these ecosystems are managed as soil surface mulches or are incorporated into the soil. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate which plant chemical parameter best governs N release. In these studies, different plant materials have been incorporated into a soil with a set of known characteristics. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of different soil properties on N release from plant leaves, when they were incorporated into soils under non-leaching conditions. A laboratory incubation experiment (for 8 weeks) was carried out with dried and ground leaves of six leguminous plants and wild sunflower, which were mixed with three soils (alfisol; ultisol, udult; ultisol, humult). Leaf cellulose was the major chemical parameter that determined leaf N release in the alfisol and ultisol, udult. In the ultisol, humult, the C/N ratio and hemicellulose concentration were better related to N release. Cellulose was not a good indicator of N release in the ultisol, humult, possibly due to a low soil pH which did not favour the activity of the cellulose-degrading enzymes of microbes active in decomposition. Soil pH determined the specific C source that was used to generate energy for microbial action and N mineralization/immobilization. It also had an effect on the nitrification of the mineralized N. The levels of labile soil C fractions governed the mode or nature of N release (i.e. mineralization or immobilization). The levels of labile leaf C fractions incorporated into the soils governed the extent of N release. The soil N concentration in the decomposable organic matter pool, as compared to the leaf N concentration, determined whether leaf N limited its own release. It is recommended from this study that, in grouping different leaf materials as sources of N, the properties of soils into which they are incorporated should also be considered, in addition to leaf quality in terms of its chemical composition. In future studies, the relationships identified under laboratory conditions in this experiment should be verified under field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050488
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality of different mulch materials and their decomposition and N release under low moisture regimes (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1997), S. 136-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Leaves ; Low moisture ; Decomposition ; Nitrogen release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract During the dry season in the tropics, agriculture which is solely dependent upon rainfall as its source of water is frequently affected by soil moisture stress, resulting in crop failures. Farmers therefore depend mainly on other sources of limited water supply during this period, such as ground water. Soil moisture conservation measures, especially surface mulching with loppings and, occasionally, leaf litter and crop residues, are practised. Our objective was to study the decomposition and nitrogen (N) release from these plant materials under continuously wet, low moisture regimes, i.e. comparable to those which prevail in the mulches used in the agriculture. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with fresh, chopped leaves of six leguminous trees, wild sunflower and rice, which were spread as a mulch on a layer of soil. They were maintained at eight moisture levels (a total of between zero and 43l water m–2 applied over 8 weeks) by spraying water. Different optimal moisture requirements for the rapid decomposition of these species were observed. These were presumably determined by different physical and chemical properties of the leaves. The amount of water received to the mulches and their soluble polyphenolic and carbon (C) concentrations played an important role in determining the decomposition and the mode of N release under non-limiting conditions of leaf N. Specifically, the C concentration governed N release, while the effect of polyphenolics was important when their concentration was low, as a result of leaching under relatively high moisture regimes. Leaves with a high polyphenolic and C content, which were subjected to high leaching losses of these fractions, underwent a change in their N dynamics from net immobilization to mineralization. This study indicates that leaves with a fast rate of decomposition should be mixed with other species, leaves which decompose more slowly in order to increase the conservation of soil moisture and also improve the synchronization between N release from the mulch and its demand by crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050356
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue expression of CA-125 and carcinoembryonic antigen in ovarian carcinoma in relation to nuclear DNA content, histologic grade, and patient survival (1992)
    238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    International journal of gynecological cancer 2 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a prospective study the immunohistochemically detectable tissue expression of the antigens CA-125 and CEA in 112 epithelial ovarian carcinomas and 23 borderline tumors was related to histologic features of the tumor and to patient survival. The CA-125 antigen was expressed mainly in non-mucinous tumors, with no evident association between histologic grade and immunoreactivity. CEA was expressed in mucinous tumors regardless of tumor grade. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on fresh frozen tissue in a subgroup of 60 cases. There was no association between DNA ploidy or S-phase fraction and the CA-125 or CEA antigen expression. Tumor stage, size of residual tumor masses after surgery and DNA ploidy had independent associations with patient survival in multivariate log-rank analysis of prognostic factors. However, there was no association between the CA-125 or CEA antigen expression and patient survival. Thus, in ovarian carcinoma the expression of the CA-125 and CEA antigens seems to be independent of the inherent malignant potential of the tumor epithelium, while DNA analysis provides valuable prognostic information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1992.02050271.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitization to allergens of house-dust mite in adults with atopic dermatitis in a cold temperate region (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: An IgE-mediated contact reaction to airborne allergens has been suggested as one important pathogenetic mechanism in atopic dermatitis (AD). The house-dust mite (HDM) might be a common allergen involved. In Scandinavia, sensitization to HDM has been rare, probably because of the cold, dry climate. However, recent studies indicate high levels of domestic mites and HDM allergen in 15–20% of homes in central and northern Sweden. Methods: To evaluate the importance of the HDM in patients with AD in the Stockholm region, we screened 81 adult Stockholm residents with AD, for the prevalence and degree of sensitization to the HDM, according to specific IgE (RAST), skin prick test (SPT), and atopy patch test (APT). We also assessed the HDM exposure in their homes and correlated the results with clinical history, severity of the dermatitis, and type of residence during childhood and today. Results: The sensitization rate to HDM was high (56% according to RAST, 24% according to SPT, and 47% according to APT), and 20% of the patients were exposed to HDM allergens in their beds. Mite exposure seemed to aggravate the dermatitis in highly sensitized patients. Conclusions: The results indicate that we have to take the HDM into account when discussing aggravating factors in adult patients with AD in the Stockholm region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00010.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary habits and mammographic patterns in patients with breast cancer (1993)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 26 (1993), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; dietary habits ; fat intake ; mammographic patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between 1983 and 1986, dietary history interviews were conducted with 238 women aged 50–65 years who had surgery for stage I–II breast cancer. Diagnostic mammograms were coded in line with Wolfe's criteria in N1, P1, P2, and Dy patterns. Women with Dy pattern reported significantly higher intake of total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids (FA), polyunsaturated FA, n-3 FA, n-6 FA in per cent of energy (E%), and α-tocopherol in mg/10 MJ. Fat intake was lowest in women with N1 pattern and highest in those having Dy pattern. Patients having ER-rich cancers and Dy pattern reported significantly higher intake of total fat, monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA, n-6 FA (E%), and α-tocopherol (mg/10 MJ), as well as significantly lower intake of carbohydrate (E%) and calcium (g/10 MJ). In the stepwise multivariate analysis, the multivariate-odds ratio (OR) for having P2 + Dy patterns was 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.12) for each increment in E% of total fat. In women with ER-rich tumors this OR was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02–1.16). The highest self-reported body mass index (BMI) was observed in women with N1 + P1 patterns. OR for having P2 + Dy patterns was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.83–0.98) for each increment in 1 kg/m2 of BMI. The results suggest that dietary habits affect the mammographic parenchymal pattern in women with breast cancer and that a high fat intake is associated with a higher proportion of mammograms with Dy pattern in such patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665798
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle function after femoral shortening osteotomies at the subtrochanteric and mid-diaphyseal level (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 114 (1994), S. 37-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Relative femoral shortening length at the subtrochanteric (ST) and mid-diaphyseal (MD) level was compared with isokinetic muscle strength more than 2 years postoperatively. For the ST level no upper limit for shortening length could be detected. For MD osteotomies the relative shortening length was negatively correlated to muscle strength. There was a significant difference at the MD level between those shortened more or less than 10%, indicating an upper limit of 10% of the femoral length for regaining normal muscle strength. For correction of leg length inequality and for shortening of unaccepted tallness, these results should be taken into account when choosing the level for osteotomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454734
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of fluorescent Pseudomonas associated with the roots of rice and banana grown in Sri Lanka (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 145 (1992), S. 51-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: antifungal activity ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Pseudomonas putida ; rhizobacteria ; tropical crops
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial populations in different parts of the rhizosphere of rice and banana in Sri lanka were examined. On rice, the number of aerobic bacteria and the population of fluorescent bacteria were higher in the rhizoplane as compared to the exorhizosphere. However, the opposite was observed with banana. Percentage of fluorescent bacteria was significantly higher on banana (10.8%) than on rice from the wet and dry zones of Sri Lanka (4.3% and 2.7%, respectively). In the endorhizosphere fraction of rice, bacterial populations were very low. Fluorescent bacteria were absent. Based on 33 phenotypical tests, 89 fluorescent isolates were grouped into 5 clusters. The three major clusters covered the isolates belonging to the Pseudomonas fluorescens-putida group, whereas the remaining small clusters contained other UV-fluorescent bacteria. SDS-PAGE of total cell proteins enabled classification of the isolates into one of 12 different protein-polymorphic types. Only a partial correlation was found between the latter classification and the phenotypical one. Cyanogenesis was observed with strains of P. fluorescens only. Isolates P. fluorescens RW9S1 and P. cepacia RW5P1 displayed a potent antagonism against several fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009541
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