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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 759 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Gefässchirurgie 2 (1997), S. 130-137 
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Eversionsendarteriektomie ; Pseudookklusion ; A. carotis interna ; Key words Carotid artery ; Pseudo-occlusion ; Carotid endarterectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Aim of the study: The technique of eversion endarterectomy (EEA) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is routinely used to treat severe, symptomatic or asymptomatic ICA stenosis at the vessel origin. ICA stenosis surgery is performed both to improve cerebral circulation and to eliminate a possible source of embolism. Discrepant examination findings are indicative of a so-called pseudo-occlusion of the ICA. The aim of this study was to give an updated survey of the literature on ICA pseudo-occlusion and to present our own cases with reference to the necessary diagnostic measures, the surgical procedure and the morbidity/mortality. Material and method: From June 1995 to June 1996, 112 patients were surgically treated for severe carotid stenoses or occlusions (pseudo-occlusions) by a total of three vascular surgeons. In the preoperative evaluation, we observed four patients, i. e. three men and one women aged 44 to 67 years, with discrepant cerebral perfusion findings. The mean age of all patients with carotid revascularization was 58.5 years. Results and conclusions: All patients with the finding of a carotid pseudo-occlusion were submitted to exploratory exposure and, in the case of retrograde flow, were revascularized by eversion EEA. All clinical courses were uneventful, and good regression of the neurological symptoms was observed in two patients in stage III (minor stroke) and IV (complexed stroke). Appling strict indication criteria, eversion EEA for pseudo-occlusion of the ICA is an excellent treatment modality with low morbidity that serves to prevent further cerebrovascular ischemic states.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Die Technik der Eversionsendarteriektomie (EEA) der A. carotis interna (ACI) wird routinemäßig zur Behandlung der hochgradigen, abgangsnahen, symptomatischen aber auch asymptomatischen Stenose der ACI eingesetzt. Die chirurgische Behandlung einer ACI-Stenose hat zum Ziel, einerseits die zerebrale Durchblutung zu verbessern und andererseits eine mögliche embolische Streuquelle zu beseitigen. Eine sog. Pseudookklusion der A. carotis interna liegt vor bei diskrepanten Untersuchungsbefunden. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, einen aktuellen Literaturüberblick zur ACI-Pseudookklusion zu geben und das eigene Krankengut bezüglich der notwendigen Diagnostik, des operativen Vorgehens und der perioperativen Morbidität und Letalität vorzustellen. Material und Methode: Von Juni 1995 bis Juni 1996 wurden 112 Patienten von insgesamt drei Operateuren an 115 hochgradigen Karotisstenosen bzw. Verschlüssen (Pseudookklusionen) operiert. Im Rahmen der präoperativen Evaluation beobachteten wir 4 Patienten mit diskrepanter Befundkonstellation bezüglich der zerebralen Perfusion. Es handelte sich hierbei um drei Männer und eine Frau im Alter von 44 – 67 Jahren. Das Durchschnittsalter aller Patienten mit Karotisrevaskularisation lag bei 58,5 Jahren. Ergebnisse und Schlußfolgerungen: Sämtliche Patienten mit der Befundkonstellation einer Karotispseudookklusion wurden einer Probefreilegung zugeführt und bei retrogradem Internafluß durch eine Eversionsendarteriektomie revaskularisiert. Die Verläufe waren sämtlich komplikationslos und es konnte bei 2 Patienten im Stadium III und IV eine gute Rückbildung der neurologischen Symptomatik beobachtet werden. Bei strenger Indikationsstellung stellt die Eversionsendarteriektomie bei Pseudookklusion der A. carotis interna eine ausgezeichnete Therapie mit niedriger Morbidität zur Prophylaxe weiterer zerebrovaskulärer Ischämiezustände dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 38-47 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Acute limb ischemia ; Embolectomy ; Surgical technique ; Prognosis. ; Schlüsselwörter: Akuter peripherer Gefäßverschluß ; Embolektomie ; Operationstechnik ; Prognose.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Der akute arterielle Verschluß von Extremitätenarterien stellt eine Notfallindikation dar, die auch in allgemeinchirurgischen Abteilungen regelmäßig versorgt werden muß. Diesem Krankheitsbild liegt in etwa 70 % eine Embolie zugrunde. Trotz der Weiterentwicklung konservativer oder interventioneller Therapieansätze gebietet die meist akute vitale Bedrohung der betroffenen Extremität die umgehende operative Desobliteration. Bei einem zunehmenden Anteil an Patienten mit chronisch vorgeschädigten Arterien ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, vor einer notfallmäßigen Intervention zwischen embolischen und thrombotischen Verschlüssen zu unterscheiden. Die Technik der indirekten Embolektomie mittels Fogarty-Katheter hat das chirurgische Trauma bei embolischen Verschlüssen auch bei langstreckigen Appositionsthrombosen deutlich reduziert. Akute thrombotische Verschlüsse verlangen oft selbst in der Notfallsituation komplexe Rekonstruktionsverfahren und sollten möglichst vom spezialisierten Gefäßchirurgen versorgt werden. Die Letalität dieser Notfalleingriffe liegt bis heute bei 10–20 % bei einem Extremitätenerhalt von 80–90 %.
    Notes: Summary. Acute limb ischemia is an emergency which regularly requires operative treatment in departments of general surgery. In about 70 % of cases there is an embolic reason for acute ischemia. In the majority of cases urgent operative desobliteration is required to guarantee limb salvage. The introduction of balloon catheters reduced the surgical trauma significantly in cases of long secondary thromboses. More complex procedures are required in patients with preexisting chronic arterial occlusive disease. The mortality of these emergency operations is still 10–20 % with a limb salvage rate of 80–90 %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: METAL DUSTING ; CHROMIA-FORMING STEELS ; GRAIN SIZE ; COLD ROLLING ; NEAR-SURFACE DEFORMATION ; EASY-DIFFUSION PATHS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The presence of easy-diffusion paths is veryimportant for fast formation or healing of a protectiveCr-rich oxide scale for resistance of chromia-formingsteels against metal dusting. Such easy-diffusion paths, grain boundaries, subboundaries, anddislocations are provided by a fine-grainmicrostructure, cold and/or surface working —polishing, grinding, machining, sand blasting. Theirimportance and effectiveness are demonstrated by various laboratory resultsand also by a failure case and their appearance is shownby TEM studies on ground steel specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 250 (1996), S. 81-88 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words glyA mutations ; Serine hydroxymethyltransferase ; Regulatory gene ; Regulatory mutations ; One-carbon metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We used an Escherichia coli strain blocked in serine biosynthesis and carrying a partial glyA deletion to isolate strains with altered regulation of the glyA gene. The glyA deletion results in 25% of the normal serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity. Three classes of mutants with increased glyA expression were isolated on glycine supplemented plates. One class of mutations increased glyA expression 10-fold by directly altering the −35 consensus sequence of the glyA promoter. The two other classes increased glyA expression about 2- and 6-fold, respectively. The latter two classes of mutations also affected regulation of the metE gene of the folate branch of the methionine pathway, but not metA in the nonfolate branch of the methionine pathway, or the gcv operon, encoding the glycine cleavage enzyme system. The mutations were mapped to about minute 85.5 on the E. coli chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 89 (1995), S. 39-43 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: William Thomson ; Joseph Janvier Woodward ; Army Medical Museum ; Pioneer in medical photography ; U.S. Civil War
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract William Thomson and Joseph Janvier Woodward were two of several exceptionally versatile and highly productive young physicians who volunteered for service with the Union Army at the outbreak of the Civil War, and then were subsequently assigned to the Washington Area where they played significant roles and made major contributions towards the development of the Army Medical Museum. Both pioneered in photomicrography. While Thomson deserves priority, Woodward was the more prolific contributor whose work and publications helped draw attention to the Army Medical Museum as a center for excellence in pathology. After the War Thomson returned to Philadelphia where his interests in photography stimulated his pursuit of optics and eventually his becoming one of the first American physicians to specialize in ophthalmology. He became Professor of Ophthalmology at Jefferson Medical College.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cotton seed (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. “Stoneville 825”), treated with 0, 0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 g active ingredient (a.i.) mepiquat chloride (MC) kg−1, was evaluated for the effect of MC on early plant growth. Emergence rate and total emergence of MC-treated seed and control were similar regardless of germination temperature. However, the number of leaves and squares and the dry weight of leaves, stems, and roots for hydroponically grown cotton plants were significantly lower at lower germination temperatures (15°C for 3 day/30°C for 1 day and 15°C for 4 days) than at higher germination temperatures (30°C for 4 days and 30°C for 3 days/15°C for 1 day). All MC treatments significantly decreased the number of nodes, leaves, and squares, as well as dry weight of leaves, stems, and roots, as compared to control plants at 28 days after emergence. MC seed treatments also significantly reduced plant height and total leaf area compared to controls. Water-use efficiency (WUE) was significantly lower for the 1.0 g a.i. MC treatment than for control plants. In general, the highest rate of MC seed treatment resulted in greater concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen in plant leaves and stems and also in greater concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus, and nitrogen in roots than in controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 75 (1996), S. 169-183 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For a number of important questions in VHE/UHE cosmic ray physics wide angle air Cerenkov detectors offer superior performance compared to scintillator arrays or air Cerenkov telescopes. On hand of the HEGRA air Cerenkov detector AIROBICC the general principle and performance will be discussed. Ideas and prospects for a detector with an energy threshold around 1 to 3 TeV will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 495-504 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal dusting von NickelbasislegierungenMetal dusting, der Zerfall metallischer Materialien in feinste metallische Partikel und Graphit, wurde für Nickel, Eisen-Nickel-Legierungen und kommerzielle Nickel-Basis-Legierungen in CO—H2—H2O-Gemischen bei Temperaturen zwischen 450-750°C untersucht. Bei Kohlenstoffaktivitäten ac 〉 1 können alle Metalle, in die Kohlenstoff gelöst eindringen kann, durch metal dusting zerstört werden, hoch nickelhaltige Legierungen direkt durch Graphitwachstum in das Material und in dem Material, Stähle über die Bildung eines instabilen Karbides M3C als Zwischenprodukt. Schutz ist möglich durch Verhinderung des Eindringens von Kohlenstoff. Die Bildung von Chromoxid ist die beste Möglichkeit des Schutzes, dieses wird begünstigt durch hohe Chromkonzentrationen in den Legierungen und durch Oberflächenbehandlungen, die schnelle Diffusionswege für die Anlieferung von Chrom an die Oberfläche erzeugen.Das metal dusting-Verhalten von Alloy 600 wird im Detail beschrieben. Weiterhin wurde durch Auslagerungen bei 650°C und 750°C für verschiedene kommerzielle Nickel-Basis-Legierungen eine Rangfolge bezüglich des Widerstands gegen metal dusting erhalten.
    Notes: Metal dusting, the disintegration of metallic materials into fine metal particles and graphite was studied on nickel, Fe—Ni alloys and commercial Ni-base alloys in CO—H2—H2O mixtures at temperatures between 450-750°C. At carbon activities ac 〉 1 all metals can be destroyed into which carbon ingress is possible, high nickel alloys directly by graphite growth into and in the material, steels via the intermediate formation of instable carbide M3C. Protection is possible only by preventing carbon ingress. Chromium oxide formation is the best way of protection which is favoured by a high chromium concentration of the alloy and by a surface treatment which generates fast diffusion paths for the supply of chromium to the surface.The metal dusting behaviour of Alloy 600 is described in detail. A ranking of the metal dusting resistance of different commercial nickel-base alloys was obtained by exposures at 650°C and 750°C.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 89-97 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: „Metal dusting“ von HochtemperaturlegierungenMetal dusting, d. h. ein Zerfall in feine Metallpartikel und Kohlenstoff, wurde auf einer Auswahl von chromoxidbildenden Hochtemperaturlegierungen in einer strömenden CO-H2-H2O-Atmosphäre ausgelöst, bei Auslagerungen bei 650°, 600°, 500° und 450°C. Die Werkstoffe waren vorbehandelt worden durch Glühen in Wasserstoff bei 1000°C und Elektropolieren, dies führt zu grobkörnigem Gefüge und geringer Oberflächenverformung, beides ist nachteilig für die Ausbildung einer Cr2O3-Schicht. Der Widerstand gegen metal dusting hängt nur ab von der Fähigkeit, eine schützende Cr2O3-Schicht zu bilden, daher zeigen sich die hoch chromhaltigen ferritischen Stähle als sehr widerstandsfähig, die ferritischen Stähle mit 12-13% Cr waren weniger beständig. Aufgrund des niedrigeren Chromdiffusionskoeffizienten in den austenitischen Stählen waren diese sehr anfällig, insbesondere zwei Legierungen mit etwa 30% Ni (Alloy 800, AC 66). Für Nickelbasiswerkstoffe war das Erscheinungsbild des metal dusting etwas andersartig, aber auch diese wurden unter Grübchenbildung angegriffen. In allen Fällen geht dem metal dusting eine innere Karbidbildung voran, durch die das Chrom gebunden wird, nachdem kann die verbleibende Fe- oder Fe-Ni-Matrix zu dem instabilen intermediären Karbid M3C reagieren, das dann zerfällt zu Metallpartikeln und Kohlenstoff, im Falle der Nickelbasiswerkstoffe ist eine übersättigte feste Lösung von Kohlenstoff in dem Material das Zwischenprodukt.
    Notes: Metal dusting, i.e. disintegration into fine metal particles and carbon, was induced on a selection of chromia forming high temperature alloys in a flowing CO-H2-H2O atmosphere in exposures at 650°C, 600°C, 500°, and 450°C. The materials were pretreated by annealing in H2 at 1000°C and electropolishing, this leads to large grain size and low surface deformation, both is disadvantageous for formation of a Cr2O3 scale. The resistance to metal dusting is only dependent on the ability to form a protective Cr2O3 scale, thus the high Cr ferritic steels proved to be very resistant, the ferritic steels with 12-13% Cr were less resistant. Due to the lower Cr diffusivity in the austenitic steels, these were very susceptible, especially two alloys with about 30% Ni (Alloy 800, AC 66). The appearance of metal dusting was somewhat different for Ni-base materials but they were also attacked under pitting. The metal dusting is preceded in all cases by internal carburization whereby the chromium is tied up, afterwards the remaining Fe or Fe-Ni matrix can react to the instable intermediate carbide M3C which decomposes to metal particles and carbon, in case of Ni-base materials a supersaturated solid solution of carbon is the intermediate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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