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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mountain pass method for the numerical solution of semilinear wave equations (1993)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 64 (1993), S. 487-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: 65M60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary It is well-known that periodic solutions of semilinear wave equations can be obtained as critical points of related functionals. In the situation that we studied, there is usually an obvious solution obtained as a solution of linear problem. We formulate a dual variational problem in such a way that the obvious solution is a local minimum. We then find additional non-obvious solutions via a numerical mountain pass algorithm, based on the theorems of Ambrosetti, Rabinowitz and Ekeland. Numerical results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01388701
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological investigations into the resistance of a wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) biotype to auxinic herbicides (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 33 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Possible mechanism(s) of resistance to auxinic herbicides in wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) were investigated by characterizing responses of susceptible and resistant biotypes to 2,4-D, di-camba or picloram. No differences between bio-types were observed in absorption, translocation, or metabolism of foliar-applied radiolabelled herbicides. In contrast, the levels of ethylene production varied between biotypes. The susceptible biotype produced twofold and sixfold more ethylene than the resistant biotype within 4 h and 44 h of herbicide application, respectively. These results suggest that the mechanism of resistance in wild mustard is not due to differences in absorption, translocation, or metabolism. Ethylene production studies imply that resistance to auxinic herbicides may be attributed to altered target site(s) of action. Bases physiologiques de la résistance aux herbicides auxiniques d'un biotype de moutarde des champs (Sinapis arvensis L.)Les mécanismes possibles de la résistance aux herbicides auxiniques chez la moutarde des champs (Sinapis arvensis L.) ont été recherchés en caractérisant les réponses de biotypes résis-tants et sensibles au 2,4-D, au dicamba et au pi-clorame. Aprés application des herbicides radioactifs sur le feuillage, aucune différence d'absorption, de migration ou de métabolisme n'a été observée. Par contre, la production d'éthylene différait entre les biotypes. Le biotype sensible produisait 2 et 6 fois plus d'éthylène que le biotype sensible, respectivement 4 et 44 heures après l'application d'herbicide. Ces résultats sug-gèrent que la résistance aux herbicides auxiniques chez la moutarde des champs n'est pas due à des différences d'absorption, de migration ou de métabolisme mais pourrait provenir d'une altération du site d'action.Physiologische Untersuchung der Resistenz eines Acker-Senf-(Sinapis arvensis-) Biotyps gegenüber WuchsstoffherbizidenDer mögliche Mechanismus der Resistenz gegenüber Wuchsstoffherbiziden beim Acker-Senf (Sinapis arvensis L.) wurde unhand der Reaktion von empfindlichen und resistenten Biotypen gegenüber 2,4-D, Dicamba oder Picloram untersucht. Hinsichtlich Absorption, Translokation oder Metabolismus der auf die Blätter applizierten, radioaktiv markierten Her-bizide wurden keine Unterschiede beobachtet. Die Ethylenbildung variierte jedoch zwischen den Biotypen. Der empfindliche produzierte in-nerhalb 4 oder 44 Stunden nach der Herbizid-applikation 2-bzw. 6mal mehr Ethylen als der resistente. Aus den Ergebnissen läßt sich schließen, daß beim Acker-Senf der Resisten-zmechanismus nicht in der Absorption, der Translokation oder dem Metabolismus liegt, sondern die Ethylenbildung daran beteiligt ist, wo die Wirkorte fur die Wuchsstoffherbizide liegen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1993.tb01959.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the household contacts of patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease (1994)
    Springer
    Infection 22 (1994), S. 183-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung der Familie als Faktor für die Ausbreitung der HCV-Infektion wird immer noch kontrovers diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde versucht, die Prävalenz anti-HCV-positiver Fälle unter den häuslichen Kontaktpersonen von Patienten mit HCV-assoziierter chronischer Hepatitis zu bestimmen. Nahezu alle Kontaktpersonen von 113 Personen mit anti-HCV-positiver Hepatitis (100/113 Ehegatten, 260/290 Kinder) wurden untersucht. Für die Bestimmung von anti-HCV wurde ELISA-II mit Bestätigung durch RIBA II eingesetzt. 27% der Ehegatten und 1,9% der Kinder erwiesen sich als anti-HCV-positiv. Bei den Gatten korrelierte die Prävalenz der anti-HCV-Positivität mit der Dauer der Ehe. Bei 17/32 (53,1%) der anti-HCV-positiven Personen wurde eine chronische Hepatitis aufgedeckt. Diese Studie gibt Hinweise auf eine vorwiegend horizontale Übertragung der HCV-Infektion zwischen Ehegatten und eine positive Korrelation zwischen Übertragung und Dauer der Ehe.
    Notes: Summary It is still controversial whether the familial environment plays a role in the diffusion of HCV infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-HCV positivity in the household contacts of patients with HCV-related chronic hepatitis. Nearly all the household contacts of 113 subjects with anti-HCV+ chronic hepatitis (100/113 spouses and 260/290 children) were investigated. Anti-HCV was determined by means of ELISA II and was confirmed by RIBA II. Anti-HCV positivity was found in 27% of the spouses and in 1.9% of the children. Prevalence of anti-HCV positivity in spouses correlated positively with the duration of the marital status. Seventeen/32 (53.1%) of anti-HCV-positive subjects were found to have chronic hepatitis. This study indicates that intrafamilial diffusion of HCV infection is mostly accounted for by horizontal, in particular spouse to spouse, transmission and that spouse to spouse transmission of HCV infection correlates positively with the duration of marital status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716699
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of cell survival in CD95-induced T cell apoptosis: role of NF-κB/Rel transcription factors (1999)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 4 (1999), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; CD95 (Fas/APO-1) ; NF-κB/Rel ; T lymphocytes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The activity of NF-κB/Rel transcription factors can inhibit the apoptosis induced by TNF, UV or cancer therapy drugs in a number of cell types, including human T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the NF-κB/Rel inducer, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), has been reported to suppress the CD95-induced apoptosis of human T lymphocytes. To verify whether the survival-enhancing effect of PMA required NF-κB/Rel activity, we generated two Jurkat cell sublines (AL.7 and AL.8) transfected with a pCMV4-IκBα construct, and two (AL.3 and AL.5) with the void pCMV4 vector. Compared to wild type, AL.3 and AL.5 cells, the AL.7 and AL.8 sublines displayed markedly lower amounts of NF-κB/Rel nuclear complexes and a reduced expression of a κB-controlled CAT reporter gene after 1 and 4 h of incubation with PMA, respectively. All the five cell types displayed negligible levels of apoptosis when cultured with medium or PMA alone; when stimulated with the mAb CH-11, the AL.7 and AL.8 sublines displayed apoptotic responses only slightly (〈0.5 fold) higher than control cells. On the other hand, the salvage activity of PMA was partially impaired in the AL.7 and AL.8 sublines. PMA inhibited apoptosis by 〉85% in wild type, AL.3 and AL.5 cells and by 〈60% in the AL.7 and AL.8 sublines; the apoptosis percentages in the mAb CH-11 + PMA cultures of the IκBα-transfected cells were 〉4-fold higher than in control cells. We conclude that the inhibition of the CD95-induced apoptosis by PMA relies on both NF-κB/Rel-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The partial contribution of these nuclear factors to the suppression of apoptosis indicates that the NF-κB/Rel activity can influence the extent of the CD95-induced T cell death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009662606398
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of 8Li recoil nuclei in 7Li(d,p)8Li and implications on the 7Be(p,γ )8B cross section (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 3 (1998), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:26.20.+f Hydrostatic stellar nucleosynthesis – 25.60.Dz Interaction and reaction cross sections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The loss of 8Li recoil nuclei in 7Li(d,p)8Li has been measured using different backings and 7LiF target thicknesses as well as different deuteron energies. The results confirm essentially recent TRIM calculations. The losses are large (about 13%) for the combination of thin targets and heavy backings at E d=0.80 MeV and increase with decreasing deuteron energy. The implications on the cross sections for 7Li(d,p)8Li and 7Be(p,γ)8B are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050141
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-equilibrium γ-ray emission in dissipative heavy-ion collisions (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 352 (1995), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70-z ; 24.30.Cz ; 25.70.Lm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract γ-rays are measured in coincidence with the dissipative complex fragments from the35Cl +64Ni reaction at 7.7 A MeV. Theoretical γ-ray coincidence spectra are determined through a fitting procedure using the contribution of the excited fragment statistical γ-decay calculated by means of the CASCADE code. Whereas the expected statistical spectra fit very well the data in the energy regionE ν=2 to 8 MeV, above this energy another emission mechanism in addition to the statistical decay has to be considered in order to reproduce the experimental spectra. Simulations based on the Vlasov equation suggest that this emission could come from the decay of dipole strength excited in the intermediate dinuclear system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01299760
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the excitation function fluctuations of the dissipative28Si+48Ti binary collision in the incident energy interval from 206.9 MeV to 213.8 MeV (1994)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 349 (1994), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70.Lm ; 24.60.Ky
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that the Partially Overlapping Molecular Level Model (POMLM) accounts for the experimental results of the dissipative28Si +48Ti collision around 210 MeV incident energy. The general trend of the properties of the fluctuations as well as the average angular distributions are reproduced by the same set of main parameters. A general consistency is also found between the present data and the data obtained in previous work on the same colliding system performed at lower incident energy (around 123 MeV).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01291176
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma-ray multiplicity measurements in the28Si+64Ni reaction at 163.8 MeV (1994)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 350 (1994), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70.-z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The28Si+64Ni reaction at 163.8 MeV incident energy is studied by measuring in coincidenceγ-rays and charged particles identified from Z=2 to Z=16. The transition from quasi-elastic to more damped reactions is observed when the difference between the detected charge and the projectile one is increased. The strong influence of the particle decay on the measuredγ-ray multiplicity is evidenced with the help of the statistical model computer code CASCADE. Dissipative events are well described in the rolling limit with excitation energy equally shared between the fragments. The overall agreement is lost for the fragments with the projectile charge which show a small value of theγ-multiplicity even for dissipative events. This is probably connected with the previously observed non statistical behavior of gamma rays emitted in coincidence with projectile-like fragments. In the alpha-spectrum measured in coincidence with gamma-rays, the deexcitation of fused systems is clearly separated from in flight emission of deep inelastic fragments. The low measured gamma-ray multiplicity for fusion events is qualitatively explained taking into account the effect of alpha-emission in the statistical decay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01289583
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical effects of acute and subacute nitrogen dioxide exposure in rat lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 426-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pulmonary inflammatory response to NO2 exposure was measured by evaluating a series of biochemical and cellular parameters in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Animals were exposed to 9 mg/m3 (5 ppm) or 18 mg/m3 (10 ppm) of the gas for 24 h or 7 days. After bronchoalveolar lavage collection, a differential count of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes was done. A significant increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes was found after 24 h of exposure, and after 7 days the number of macrophages increased significantly. After 7 days of exposure to 9 mg/m3 of NO2 (a dose that under our conditions did not induce migration of cells in the bronchoalveolar spaces) the ex vivo phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide anion production by resident cells was inhibited. After 24 h and 7 days of exposure to 18 mg/m3 of NO2, phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide anion production was lower than in the control group. The migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was not associated with any real increase in elastase. However, there was a dose- and time-dependent increase in α1-proteinase inhibitor in response to both 9 and 18 mg/m3 of NO2. Total glutathione was significantly increased in blood by 24 h treatment with 9 or 18 mg/m3 of NO2, whereas blood oxidized glutathione was not affected. In lung tissue we observed only a significant increase of oxidized glutathione after 24 h of exposure to 9 and 18 mg/m3 of NO2. These data suggest that many biochemical and cellular parameters are altered after acute or subacute exposure to relatively high doses of NO2, especially in the first 24 h. The increase of α1-proteinase inhibitor and blood glutathione can be considered a prompt protective response to the toxic injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213182
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollution-Tolerant Allele in Fingernail Clams (Musculium transversum) (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 35 (1998), S. 302-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. For nearly 50 years, the fingernail clam (Musculium transversum) was believed to be virtually eliminated from the Illinois River. In 1991, workers began finding substantial populations of M. transversum in the Illinois River including several beds in and around the highly polluted Chicago Sanitary District. In order to determine if populations of M. transversum from polluted sites exhibited any genetic response to the high levels of toxins and to examine the genetic structure of several populations of M. transversum for any changes due to the population crash, starch-gel electrophoresis was performed on M. transversum from three Illinois River localities and four Mississippi River basin locations. The sampled populations produced an inbreeding coefficient (FIS) of 0.929, indicating that the populations were highly inbred. The results of a suspected founder effect due to a bottleneck was suggested by an FST= 0.442. The isozyme Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase-2 (Gpi-2) produced allelic frequency patterns that were consistent with expected patterns of a pollution-tolerant allele. Polluted sites exhibited elevated frequencies of Gpi-2 100 whereas nonpolluted sites exhibited elevated frequencies of Gpi-2 74 . This frequency pattern suggested that natural selection was occurring in populations under severe toxic pressures, leading to an increase in the frequency of the allele Gpi-2 100 . Therefore, Gpi-2 100 is a possible pollution-tolerant mutation in M. transversum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900380
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