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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (6)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Redistribution of Lymphocytes Following E. coli Sepsis (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 38 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Infusion ofendotoxin elicits lymphopcnia and a transient granulocytopcnia followed by granulocytosis in peripheral blood. The purpose of this study was to investigate which tissues the lymphocytes are redistributed to in response to endotoxaemia. Lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of 20 rabbits, labelled with III lndium-tropolene and reinjected intravenously into the rabbits. Ten rabbits received an infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin 2μg/kg-1, while 10 rabbits received isotonic saline and served as a control group. The redistribution of lymphocytes was imaged with a gamma camera, and calculated with an interfaced computer before, and 2, 4 and 6 h after infusion of endotoxin or saline. Interleukin-lB and serum cortisol were measured. Following endotoxaemia the lymphocytes in peripheral blood decreased from 1.95 109/1 to 0.83 6 h later. Interleukin-lB and serum cortisol increased significantly. The radioactivity of labelled cells in the spleen and in the heart and lungs decreased to 83.3% and 87.8% of initial values respectively, 6h after infusion of endotoxin. The radioactivity of the lymphatic tissue in and around the intestine increased to 128.8% of initial values. The results indicate that endotoxaemia induces redistribution of lymphocytes from peripheral blood and spleen to lymphatic tissue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb03238.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Local vascular CO2 reactivity in the infant brain assessed by functional MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 25 (1995), S. 420-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The local cerebral vascular response to hyperventilation vas investigated in five distressed, intubated infants by means of a T2* sensitive gradient-echo MRI technique at 1.5 T. In one preterm infant, the MR signal change during hyperventilation was sparse. In four term infants, the mean MR signal of the brain slice investigated decreased by 1.2–2.6% per kPa change inPCO2 as a reflection of decreased cerebral blood flow during hyperventilation. Pixel-wise analysis revealed absence of vascular response in the basal ganglia, the thalamus or in the occipital region. In two adult controls, who hyperventilated voluntarily, the vascular reactivity was homogeneously distributed predominantly over the grey matter. The experiments demonstrate that local impairment of vascular CO2 reactivity in the distressed infant brain can be detected by T2* sensitive gradient-echo MRI, which is also known as functional MRI.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02019053
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theophylline and ethylenediamine pharmacokinetics following administration of aminophylline to septic patients with multiorgan failure (1991)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 17 (1991), S. 465-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Theophylline ; Ethylenediamine ; Pharmacokinetics ; Sepsis ; Multiorgan failure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of theophylline and ethylenediamine were examined in 6 patients with septicaemia and multiorgan failure (MOF). The patients received a bolus injection of 4mg/kg aminophylline. Aminophylline is the ethylenediamine salt of theophylline. The clearance of theophylline was reduced in all our patients ranging from 10–66% of the value obtained in healthy volunteers. The median t1/2β was 18.8h (range 5.8–25.5) compared to a normal value of 6h. The median clearance of ethylenediamine was 54% of the normal value, while the peripheral volume of distribution was increased to 650%. Due to this t1/2β was 2.3 (2.0–2.7)h, which is 5 times the normal value of 0.55h. There was no correlation between clearance of theophylline and ethylenediamine. As theophylline has a narrow therapeutic range, routine monitoring with measurements of serum theophylline is mandatory in patients with MOF.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01690768
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnetic resonance imaging in juvenile Canavan disease (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 750-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spectroscopy ; Imaging, Canavan disease ; Brain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present a 2-year-old boy and a 6-year-old girl with mild Canavan disease (CD). Aspartoacylase activity in skin fibroblasts was deficient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain did not show the prominent leucodystrophy previously reported in CD, but there was a hyperintense signal from the lentiform nuclei and the heads of the caudate nuclei on the T2-weighted MR images. This suggests a specific vulnerability of the corpus striatum in these patients. In the older patient, the white matter became affected at the age of 6 years. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of white matter revealed a normal concentration of N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA) and a markedly decreased concentration of choline containing compounds (Cho) in the boy but a normal ratio of NAA to Cho in the girl. We conclude that deficient NAA catabolism affects myelin metabolism. This may present as changes in the striatum and/or as a low concentration of Cho before leucodystrophy appears on MRI.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01953994
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Digitalis enhances exercise-induced hyperkalaemia (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 609-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalis ; Exercise ; hyperkalaemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In 9 patients with atrial fibrillation the effect of zero, low and high levels of serum digoxin on exercise-induced hyperkalemia was assessed by bicycle exercise tests. Exercise at each level of serum digoxin was associated with a significant (up to 20%) rise in plasma potassium. At a work load of 75 W the highest level of serum digoxin was associated with a significantly higher maximum plasma potassium concentration as compared to the maximum valueatazero serum digoxin. The enhancement of exercise-induced hyperkalemia may add to the arrhythmogenic effect of digitalis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314994
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Brain magnetic resonance imaging in children with optimally controlled hyperphenylalaninaemia (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 17 (1994), S. 575-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This study was undertaken to investigate whether the white-matter changes on MRI and the EEG abnormalities detectable in treated adolescents and adults with hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA) can be detected in younger children on an optimally controlled diet. The study included 17 children, 7–12 years of age, with HPA. The MRI of five healthy children were included in the blind evaluation of the MR images. According to mutation genotype and dietary tolerance of phenylalanine, 9 patients have severe HPA and 8 have moderate HPA, all requiring dietary treatment. Mild white-matter hyperintensity was detected in 1 of the 5 healthy children and in 10 of 17 patients. EEG was abnormal in 2 patients. This group of children was compared with a previously reported group of adolescents with HPA who had been treated according to the same dietary regimen. MRI changes and EEG abnormalities were significantly less frequent in the group of children than in the group of adolescents. It is suggested that the more frequent MRI changes and EEG abnormalities seen in adolescents are related to the fact that a relaxation of the dietary treatment after the age of 8 years is often accepted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711594
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An occipito-temporal syndrome in adolescents with optimally controlled hyperphenylalaninaemia (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 15 (1992), S. 687-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The study included 16 adolescents with optimally controlled hyperphenylalaninaemia (McKusick 26160), of whom six did not require treatment according to conventional criteria. All except the two patients with lowest median serum phenylalanine level throughout childhood (most values at 200–300 µmol/L) had white matter abnormalities detectable with magnetic resonance imaging. The lesions were particularly prominent in the watershed regions between the posterior and middle cerebral arteries. In most patients with moderate or severe hyperphenylalaninaemia frontal white matter lesions were present as well. Normal proton magnetic resonance spectra indicated that the lesions were stable. Occipital EEG abnormalities were frequent, and deficient performance on a pattern-recognition test was a characteristic neuropsychological finding. Serum phenylalanine levels at about 300 µmol/L or below throughout childhood and early adolescence may be required to avoid lesions. The present study demonstrates the limitations of even an optimally controlled dietary regimen in hyperphenylalaninaemia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01800008
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Blood-brain barrier transport of amino acids in healthy controls and in patients with phenylketonuria (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 18 (1995), S. 653-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Blood-brain barrier permeability to phenylalanine and leucine in four patients with phenylketonuria and in four volunteers was measured five times by the double-indicator method at increasing plasma concentrations of phenylalanine. Based on the permeability-surface area product (PS) from blood to brain (PS1) and on plasma phenylalanine levels, Vmax and the apparentK m for phenylalanine were determined. Statistically significant relationships between plasma phenylalanine and PS1 were established in three out of four volunteers, the averageV max value being 46.7 nmol/g per min and the apparentK m 0.328 mmol/L. Owing to saturation of the carrier, such a relationship could not be established in the patients. In phenylketonuria, PS1 for phenylalanine and leucine decreased significantly by 55% and 46%, respectively. Transport from brain back to blood, PS2, decreased significantly and cerebral large neutral amino acid net uptake was generally decreased in patients with phenylketonuria. In conclusion, the transport ofl-phenylalanine across the human blood-brain barrier follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In phenylketonuria, brain permeability to large neutral amino acids is reduced by about 50% and net uptake appears decreased.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02436753
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