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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI visualization of complete bilateral optic nerve involvement by pituitary adenoma: a case report (1993)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 549-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Optic pathways ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With large pituitary adenomas, the optic nerves and chiasm usually lie on the tumour capsule and are displaced superiorly. We report a large invasive pituitary adenoma, with complete involvement of both optic nerves. Review of the preoperative MR images demonstrated the optic nerves, with signal intensity close to that of cerebral white matter, and different from the flow void of the basal cerebral arteries. Correlation of this observation with intraoperative findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588721
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of pituitary adenomas: the position of the normal pituitary gland (1994)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 36 (1994), S. 295-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium ; DTPA ; Normal pituitary gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The position of the normal pituitary gland, assessed using gadolinium-enhanced MRI was compared with the position found at surgery for pituitary adenoma in 25 patients. The tumours were five microadenomas and 20 macroadenomas. Using T1-weighted imaging, the anterior lobe could be differentiated on the sagittal image in five patients (20%) and on the coronal image in four (16%). The high intensity of the posterior lobe could be differentiated using T1-weighted sagittal imaging in 13 patients (52%). The normal pituitary gland, which enhanced more strongly than tumour, could be differentiated using Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI on the sagittal images in 22 cases (88%) and on the coronal image in 17 (68%). In seven patients, the normal pituitary gland surrounded the tumour; it was displaced superiorly in 14 cases and superioposterorly in two but in no case was it displaced anteriorly or downwards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593264
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Displacement of the normal pituitary gland by sellar and juxtasellar tumours: surgical-MRI correlation and use in differential diagnosis (1994)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 36 (1994), S. 372-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Craniopharyngioma ; Rathke cleft cyst ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Normal pituitary gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared the position of the normal pituitary gland as estimated by gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA-enhanced MRI, with its position at surgery in 40 patients with intra- and juxtasellar tumours: 22 pituitary adenomas, 4 craniopharyngiomas, 7 meningiomas, 2 germinomas, and 5 Rathke cleft cysts. In 37 of these, the normal gland showed more intense contrast enhancement than the adjacent tumour, from which it could be differentiated by Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI, especially in the sagittal plane. The direction of displacement of the normal pituitary gland correlated well with tumour type, so that its position proved helpful in the differential diagnosis. The normal gland was typically displaced superiorly by pituitary adenomas, inferiorly by craniopharyngiomas, and anteriorly by germinomas. It showed variable displacement by Rathke cleft cysts, and was not usually displaced by meningiomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612121
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The function of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in brain dead patients (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 123 (1993), S. 64-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain death ; hypothalamic hormone ; pituitary hormone ; cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to find out the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in brain dead patients, pituitary and hypothalamic hormone concentrations were measured and several anterior pituitary releasing tests were carried out in 39 brain dead patients. In addition, cerebral blood flow measurements were simultaneously performed. In almost all cases, the blood concentration of pituitary and hypothalamic hormones were above the sensitivity of the assay. Anterior pituitary releasing tests indicated that efficient functions of the hypothalamus were severely suppressed, while the normal secretory mechanism of the anterior pituitary was partially preserved in brain dead patients. Histological changes of hypothalamic neurons varied from barely detectable ghost cells to nearly normal cells even in the same case. Although, the remaining circulation seemed not to be sufficient enough to maintain integrated hypothalamo-pituitary function, as shown by the examinations of cerebral blood flow, the presence of hypothalamic hormones in the systemic circulation suggests that these hormones were released and carried from the hypothalamus by minimal flow which is preserved even after the diagnosis of brain death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476288
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperaemia prior to acute cerebral swelling in severe head injuries: The role of transcranial doppler monitoring (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 123 (1993), S. 76-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral hyperaemia ; transcranial Doppler ; severe head injury ; cerebral oedema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acute cerebrovascular congestion after a closed head injury is significantly related to intracranial hypertension. As an indirect method of cerebral blood flow measurement, transcranial doppler sonography (TCD) provides a rapid and noninvasive assessment of cerebral haemodynamics, including hyperaemic conditions. TCD examinations was serially performed in 35 patients with severe head injury with intact cerebral circulation; i.e. the mean flow velocity (MFV) patterns of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) did not show signs of cerebral circulatory arrest such as systolic spike, to and fro, or no flow. The results showed that the MFV of the MCAs and ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid arteries (ICAs) in 9 of these patients increased sharply and pulsatility index (PI) decreased during 48–96 hours after the injury. This was soon followed by patterns of high intracranial resistance, consistent with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in monitored patients and acute brain swelling on repeated computed tomographic (CT) scans. The correlation between increased MFVs, decreased PIs, and cerebral haemodynamic changes leading to acute brain swelling is discussed. The number of patients who ended with severe disability, vegetative state, or death was 66% in this group of 9 patients, compared to only 34% for the 35 patients overall with severe head injury. Though the morbidity and mortality rates largely depend on the primary injury, the presence of acute cerebral swelling aggravate the grave course in these patients. And the ability of TCD to monitor the hyperaemic state prior to oedema should lead us to adjust the therapy in order to minimize the secondary insult related to intracranial hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476289
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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