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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 113 (1993), S. 5-11 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this experimental examination was to determine the load-bearing capacity (LBC) of different inter- and subtrochanteric fractures under alternating physiological and static loads. These fractures are typical injuries of the geriatric patient, and full LBC restoration is needed for mobilisation. From patients over 60 years old at the time of death, 301 femora were obtained and randomly allocated to the following osteotomy (OT) groups: A1, flat and steep OT; A2, OT with 2/3 and complete medial cortical defect; reversed inter-(A3) and subtrochanteric OT; subtrochanteric resection and double plate compound osteosynthesis (DPCO); and the control group (no OT). Following osteosynthesis various devices were tested: condylar plate, 130° angle nail plate, 145° angle nail plate, double T profile angle nail plate, 135° DHS, 150° DHS after valgisating displacement OT, Ender nails, gamma nail and Orthofix external fixator. The femora were tested under alternating physiological load and under static load. The load-bearing capacity (LBC) was 5141 ± 1621 N in flat A1 OT, 4501 ± 1621 N in steep A1 OT and 3767 ± 1500 N in A2 OT with partial defect. In reversed intertrochanteric OT the LBC was 3770 ± 1798 N and in the reversed subtrochanteric OT, 5308 ± 2330 N. In A2 OT with complete medial defect, only the gamma 2nail (5672 ± 726 N) and the DHS after valgisating displacement OT (7261 ± 1794 N) showed a high LBC and no alternating load instability. After subtrochanteric resection and DPCO (7415 ± 1840 N) the LBC was the same as that of the control femora (7271 ± 1941 N). The influence of the type of OT on the LBC and instability under alternating physiological load is also dependent on the implant characteristics. Only gamma nail osteosynthesis shows a high LBC in all types of OT, so it can be recommended as a single device for all inter- and subtrochanteric fractures of the elderly. In pathological subtrochanteric fractures involving metastases resection, the DPCO should be used because of the very high LBC. When the gamma nail is not used, only with a differentiated therapy regimen for the various types of inter- and subtrochanteric OT can a physiological LBC restoration be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 111 (1992), S. 323-326 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From 1984 to 1991 20 multiple trauma patients with pelvic fractures and retroperitoneal bleeding from pelvic vessels underwent angiographic localization and embolization of massively bleeding arterial vessels. Nine patients survived (multiple trauma index grade III, Hanover polytrauma index), three patients with very severe injuries died immediately (multiple trauma index grade IV). After successful control of bleeding by embolization, three other patients died from severe brain injuries and five patients from septic multiorgan failure. The interval to definite localization and treatment of the bleeding source was three times shorter in the group of survivors, and the amount of transfusions needed was less by a factor of three. This underlines the importance of early angiography in multiple trauma patients with pelvic fractures and persisting hemorrhage. Embolization has proven to be effective in the treatment of such injuries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 110 (1991), S. 132-138 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 84 patients with ligament or meniscal injuries of the knee was prospectively examined clinically and under anaesthesia, by arthroscopy and sonography. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were compared. For sonography a high resolution scanner (Picker LSC 7000 with a 5-MHz transducer) was used. The sonographical examination was dynamic under normal and stress conditions. The sensitivity of sonography for diagnosis of rupture of the medial collateral ligament (LCM) was 87%, of the anterior cruciate ligament (LCA), 70% and of menisci, 89% and was thereby similar to that for examination under anaesthesia and arthroscopy and significantly superior to clinical examination alone. The specificity of sonography was very high: for rupture of the LCM 96%, the LCA 98% and the menisci 78%. Only for diagnosis of partial ligament rupture, especially partial LCA rupture, was the sensitivity of sonography low. In diagnosing ligament and meniscal injuries of the knee, sonography should be used routinely as a primary diagnostic tool after clinical examination because: 1. It is inexpensive 2. It has no side effects 3. It helps to cut down X-ray exposure 4. Anaesthesia is not required 5. It allows the recognition and avoidance of muscle tightness 6. Repetitions are possible at will 7. Documentation is included 8. Sensitivity and specificity are very good
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 355 (1992), S. 821-823 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To determine whether there is an energetic saving associated with wave-riding, we trained bottlenose dolphins to follow a moving boat (Fig. 1). Freely swimming dolphins remained at least 1 m below the water surface and were positioned outside the boat's wake. Wave-riding dolphins ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 86 (1991), S. 422-423 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 89 (1992), S. 122-122 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rare polymorphism of the probe p20 in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 377 (1992), S. 168-173 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Long-time survival ; Operative therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer Langzeituntersuchung wurde das Schicksal von 973 Mammakarzinompatientinnen, die von 1943 bis 1964 in der Chirurgischen Universitäts-klinik Heidelberg behandelt wurden, erfaßt. 900, und somit die große Mehrzahl der Patienten, waren zum Nachuntersuchungszeitpunkt verstorben. Die durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung der Patientinnen betrug 7,02 Jahre. Das Tumorstadium war der bei weitem wichtigste prognostische Faktor. Im Stadium I lebten nach 40 Jahren noch 17%. Bereits im Stadium II waren jedoch nach 3,5 Jahren 50 % der Patientinnen verstorben. Unter 40jährige Patientinnen wiesen in den ersten 5 Jahren eine signifikant ungünstigere Prognose auf. Die histologische Differenzierung des Tumors zeigte keinen Einfluß auf die Überlebensrate. Da bei 91,5 % der Patientinnen eine radikale Mastektomie erfolgte, ist ein Vergleich der Operationsverfahren nicht möglich. 560 Patienten wurden nachbestrahlt. Während in den ersten 5 Jahren eine höhere Überlebensrate der nachbestrahlten Patientinnen festzustellen ist, war die weitere Uberlebensrate signifikant ungünstiger. Je früher das Tumorstadium, welches die nachbestrahlten Patientinnen aufwiesen, desto früher kam es zu einem negativen Einfluß der Radiotherapie auf die Überlebensrate. Bei 85% der verstorbenen Patientinnen war der Tod infolge des Mammakarzinomleidens eingetreten. Die mammakarzinomabhängigen Todesfälle traten bei 98,2% bereits innerhalb der ersten 10 Jahre auf, nach 26 Jahren war kein Fall eines mammakarzinomabhängigen Todesfalls aufgetreten. Unter Berücksichtigung der noch lebenden Patientinnen muß davon ausgegangen wurden, daß mindestens 22% der Mammakarzinompatientinnen über 40 Jahre keine weitere Tumormanifestationen erlitten. Dies weist darauf hin, daß die tumorbiologischen Eigenschaften des Mammakarzinoms nur unter Berücksichtigung des Konzepts von Fisher sowic des Halsted-Konzepts ausreichend erklärt werden können.
    Notes: Summary In this study the outcome after 40 years of primary breast cancer therapy was analysed. 973 patients admitted between 1943–1964 were examined. At the time of evaluation 900 (92.5%) of these patients were deceased. The mean survival time was 7.02 years. Tumor stage was the most important prognostic factor. In stage I patients after 40 years 17% of the patients were still alive. In stage II patients the prognosis was significantly worse. After 3.5 years 50% of the patients were dead. Young patients under 40 years of age showed a significantly lower survival rate during the first 5 years after therapy. The histological type did not show any influence on the outcome. In 91.5% of all patients a radical mastectomy was performed. Therefore the different operative procedures can not be compared in this study. 560 patients received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients with radiotherapy showed a higher survival rate only during the first 5 years. After this time the survival rate of patients with radiotherapy was significantly lower. This was found already after 2 years in stage I patients. 85% of the deceased patients died with or because of breast cancer. 98.2% of breast cancer releated deaths were observed during the first 10 years. After 26 years no breast cancer death was observed. Considering the 7.5 % surviving patients at least 22% of the breast cancer patients did not show a breast cancer recurrence over the 40 year period. This demonstrates that the biological characteristics of breast cancer can not be explained by the theory of B. Fisher or the Halsted theory alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Thermoregulation ; Countercurrent heat exchange ; Testis ; Clinical assessment ; Dolphin, Tursiops
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dolphins possess a countercurrent heat exchanger that functions to cool their intra-abdominal testes. spermatic arteries in the posterior abdomen are juxtaposed to veins returning cooled blood from the surfaces of the dorsal fin and flukes. A rectal probe housing a linear array of five copper-constantan thermocouples was designed to measure colonic temperatures simultaneously at positions anterior to, within, and posterior to the region of the colon flanked by the countercurrent heat exchanger. Colonic temperatures adjacent to the countercurrent heat exchanger were maximally 1.3°C cooler than temperatures measured outside this region. Temporary heating and cooling of the dorsal fin and flukes affected temperatures at the countercurrent heat exchanger, but had little or no effect on temperatures posterior to its position. These measurements support the hypothesis that cooled blood is introduced into the deep abdominal cavity and functions specifically to regulate the temperature of arterial blood flow to the dolphin testes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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