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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated plasma histamine levels in trauma patients: Results of a well-designed cross-sectional study with polytrauma and two control groups (1992)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 36 (1992), S. C168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several components of trauma (initial stressors, responses and burdens and therapeutic interventions) are able to induce histamine release, but our knowledge is very limited about the role of histamine in this fundamental scenario in human life. Previous studies suffer from unreliable histamine assays from biases in sample preparation and from confounding biases in the clinical setting. Hence a well-designed (6) crosssectional study was performed with polytrauma patients at the site of accident as a test group and two control groups in the hospital. The patients of the control groups suffered from single, peripheral trauma (more stress than injury) or being in the recovery period from single trauma and operation at day 5 (reconvalescence from traumatization). Patients at the normal ward had plasma histamine levels comparable to those of healthy human volunteers (〈0.5 ng/ml) whereas 40% of the single trauma patients and 80% of the polytrauma patients showed elevated plasma levels (〉=0.5 ng/ml). This was the case both at the place of the accident and in a second blood sample in the hospital. Hence the initial stimulus of injury was not the only cause of histamine release. Furthermore, histamine was one of the very early mediators in trauma. Its function has to be assessed as a contributory determinant in a multi-mediator scenario. Elevated plasma histamine concentrations of more than 1 ng/ml had a very bad prognosis for survival in previous studies, but the mechanism for that is not investigated at all.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997324
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction-an in vitro study of isometry (1994)
    Springer
    Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy 2 (1994), S. 100-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Keywords: Posterior cruciate ligament ; Isometry ; Method for correct placement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Abstract In six intact cadaver knees, we measured how the distance between six selected points in and around the femoral and tibial attachment area of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) changed with knee flexion. After complete removal of the PCL, 2-mm drill holes were made at the selected points. Each femoral point was measured against each tibial point using a heavy string that was passed through the drill holes. The distal end of the string was attached to a measuring unit. The changes in femorotibial distance were noted during flexion from 0° to 100° in 10° steps. The tibial drill hole locations had only a minor effect on the changes in femorotibial distance. The most isometric point was located in the centre of the posterior intercondylar area. The femoral locations of the drill holes were the primary determinant of whether the distance increased, decreased or remained nearly constant. According to our results, the most isometric femoral point is located at the posterosuperior margin of the anatomical PCL attachment. Using the tibial isometric point as a reference, the femoral points positioned anterior or posterior to the isometric point produced considerable changes in the femorotibial distance upon knee flexion. The anterior point led to an increase of about 7–8 mm at 110° of flexion, the posterior point to a decrease of the same extent. Much smaller changes in femorotibial distance resulted from the points located superior or inferior to the femoral isometric point. Our results demonstrate the strong need of correct isometric positioning of the graft or the augmentation device in PCL reconstruction to minimize the risk of graft stretching or disruption. A reproducible method to define the correct isometric area is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476481
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction-an in vitro study of isometry (1994)
    Springer
    Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy 2 (1994), S. 104-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Keywords: Posterior cruciate ligament ; Isometry ; Method for correct placement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Abstract Isometric positioning of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) graft is important for successful reconstruction of the PCL-deficient knee. This study documents the relationship between graft placement and changes in intra-articular graft length during a passive range of motion of the knee. In eight cadaveric knees the PCL was identified and cut. The specimens were mounted in a stabilising rig. PCL reconstruction was performed using a 9-mm-thick synthetic cord passed through tunnels 10 mm in diameter. Three different femoral graft placement sites were evaluated: (1) in four specimens the tunnel was located around the femoral isometric point, (2) in two specimens the tunnel was positioned over the guide wire 5 mm anterior to the femoral isometric point, (3) in two specimens the tunnel was positioned over the guide wire 5 mm posterior to the isometric femoral point. In all knees only one tibial tunnel was created around the isometric tibial point. The location of the isometric points is described in part I of this study. The proximal end of the cord was fixed to the lateral aspect of the femur. Distally, the cord was attached to a measuring unit. The knees were flexed from 0° to 110°, and the changes in the graft distance between the femoral attachment sites were measured in 10° steps. Over the entire range of motion measured, the femoral tunnels positioned around the isometric point produced femorotibial distance changes of within 2 mm. The anteriorly and posteriorly placed tunnels produced considerable changes in femorotibial distance with knee flexion, e.g. about 8 mm at 110° of flexion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476482
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament injury (1994)
    Springer
    Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy 2 (1994), S. 203-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ; Functional therapy of the medial collateral ligament ; Anteromedial knee instability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Abstract Since August 1989 we have treated acute anteromedial instabilities with medial instability of 1+ and 2+ by augmentated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction alone. Subsequently, functional therapy for the lesion of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) was carried out. In a follow-up examination, we evaluated Lysholm, Marshall, OAK and IKDC scores, measured stability with the KT 1000, and tested isokinetic muscle function in 28 patients. The majority demonstrated stable healing of the MCL and ACL and good or excellent knee functions and muscle strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01845588
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-operative treatment of acute medial collateral ligament lesions of the knee joint (1993)
    Springer
    Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy 1 (1993), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Keywords: Medial collateral ligament ; Diagnosis ; Functional therapy ; Follow-up study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Abstract From 1985 to 1990 102 patients with isolated lesions of the medial collateral ligament of the knee were managed non-operatively with early protected motion and physical therapy. Eighty-six returned to a follow-up examination. The mean follow-up time was 44.2 months. The knees were stable in all but two cases and showed good or excellent results. Ninety-seven percent of the patients returned to their earlier activity level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01565459
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