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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 15 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The development of community care policy and the inadequacies of professional responses to the needs of informal carers were described in an earlier paper A qualitative analysis of carers’ replies to a questionnaire survey demonstrated that the most potent Stressors, contrary to what has previously been assumed, were linked more to subjective perceptions of events or circumstances than to the objective features of the events and circumstances themselves This paper presents a quantitative analysis of data from the same survey which confirm the impressions gained from the analysis of the qualitative data These findings prompt a reconceptualization of carer burden within a transactional model of stress, which is then considered as a basis for understanding how carers adapt to stress in their lives Practice implications are assessed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 25 (1990), S. 170-178 
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In recent years Rutter's Malaise Inventory has been used increasingly to measure levels of stress among those who care for people with dependency needs. Although though there has been an element of dispute in the literature about the unidimensional nature of the scale, later work (Bebbington and Quine 1987) tends to suggest that Malaise Inventory scores can be used as a single internally consistent measure of stress. In this study consideration is given to the results of a national sample survey of 527 members of the Association of Carers (now Carers: National Association) which suggests the existence of two valid dimensions to the Malaise Inventory across a wider range of carer groups. Implications for future development and administration of the scale as a measure of stress are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ampullar nerves ; Semicircular canals ; Vestibular nuclei ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brainstem projections of the ampullar nerves from the vertical semicircular canals, the anterio (AAN) and the posterior ampullar nerve (PAN), were studied in adult cats using the transganglionic horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Each nerve was exposed in three experiments. Two animals in each group had labeling which allowed detailed mapping. From the AAN, terminal-type labeling was found in two separate groups, one laterally and one medially, both in the lateral (LV) and in the superior (SV) vestibular nucleus. In addition, such labeling was found in all parts of the medial vestibular nucleus (MV). Labeled structures were found also in the descending vestibular nucleus, (DV) more densely over its lateral part, except for cell group f, where no labeling was found. From the PAN, terminal-type labeling was found medially and laterally in the LV and in the medial part of the SV In the MV, such labeling was evenly distributed rostrally but concentrated laterally in caudal parts. In the DV, terminal-type labeling was present rostrally, whereas no labeling was seen caudally. In the interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve, terminal-type labeling was observed from the AAN but not from the PAN. No labeled fibers from either of the two ampullar nerves were seen outside the vestibular root and nuclei, except for small-caliber fibers from the SV heading towards the brachium conjunctivum. The findings clearly indicate a specific termination for each of the two ampullar nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 81 (1990), S. 85-94 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinocerebellar neurons ; Dorsal root projections ; Double labeling ; Choleragenoid ; Fluorogold ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study has been to investigate projections to spinocerebellar cell groups from lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) in the rat. The binding subunit of cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (B-HRP) was used to label primary afferent fibers. Spinocerebellar neurons were labeled retrogradely by Fluoro-Gold (FG). To determine the orientation of dendrites, retrogradely labeled spinocerebellar neurons were studied, following injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into cerebellum. FG or WGA-HRP labeled neurons were found mainly in laminae V and VII, in the lateral group of lamina IX, in Clarke's column (CC) and in the dorsal funiculus. B-HRP labeled primary afferent fibers overlapping with FG labeled cells were observed at all these locations after injections of B-HRP into different DRGs. The overlap in lamina V was found mainly medially and dorsolaterally. CC was found to receive dense projections from DRGs L1–6. In the lumbar part of CC, labeling from DRGs L4–5 overlapped and was distributed over the entire mediolateral extent of the CC, whereas labeling from DRGs L1–3 was somatotopically organized and projected to successively more dorsomedial areas. The central area of lamina VII showed moderate labeling from DRGs L3–5. The lateral group of lamina IX received only smaller amounts of labeled fibers from DRGs L3–5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody (mabQ113) ; Zebrin I ; Purkinje cells ; Spinocerebellar projections ; Central cervical nucleus ; Cholera toxin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have examined the topographic relationship between the sagittal bands of zebrin I immunoreactive Purkinje cells revealed by a monoclonal antibody, mabQ113, and the distribution of spinocerebellar fibers originating from the central cervical nucleus in the rat. The mossy fiber terminals were anterogradely labeled following injections of cholera toxin subunit B into the C1–C3 segments and visualized immunohistochemically. Zebrin I positive Purkinje cells appeared in seven sagittal bands (P1+ to P7+ bands). In lobules I–V of the anterior lobe, labeled mossy fiber terminals were distributed in the midline region, subjacent to the P1+ bands and at around 0.5 mm from the midline region, subjacent to the P2+ band in the lateral A1 to the medial A2 zones of Voogd et al. (1985). Labeled terminals were seen in the entire B zone and those distributed in its medial part were related to the P3+ band. In lobule VIII, labeled terminals were seen subjacent to the P1+, P2+ and P3+ bands, which were located in the lateral A1–A3 (or B) zones. In the copula pyramidis, labeled terminals appeared subjacent to the P4+, P5+ and the P6+ bands in the C1 and C2 zones (or the C1-C3 zones). Although the labeled terminals were seen beneath the zebrin I positive bands, the borders of terminal distribution were not well-delineated, and did not respect the borders of zebrin I positive bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cutaneous nerve projections ; Dorsal horn ; Clarke's column ; Choleragenoid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study has been to investigate the spinal projections of cutaneous hindlimb afferents particularly to the deep dorsal horn and to Clarke's column (CC), by using the B-subunit of cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Injections into three different cutaneous hindlimb nerves in adult rats resulted in dense labeling in the dorsal horn laminae IIi-IV/V, moderate labeling in lamina I and modest labeling in dorsomedial parts of CC. Footpad injections gave similar results, except for a lack of labeling in CC and only weak labeling in laminae I and V. The results suggest that B-HRP should be a useful marker for studying cutaneous myelinated nerve fiber projections to the rat spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fine structural changes were observed in the dark scalloped central C1 terminals of type I synaptic glomeruli in spinal cord segments C6–C7 of the rat 3 days after cutting the three main forelimb nerves. Twenty-six per cent of the C1 terminals occurring on the ipsilateral side showed a lighter appearance due to a decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles. The number of synaptic vesicles per unit section area was only 42% of that present in normal C1 terminals on the contralateral side. The number of synaptic contacts of C1 terminals with the profiles surrounding them in each glomerulus was diminished and glial envelopment was increased to 15% of C1 terminal contour. Up to day 12, vesicle and synaptic losses were gradually aggravated and glial apposition was increased, but no obvious signs of glial engulfment were observed. From day 3 to day 12, altered C1 terminals increased in number, while those that appeared normal decreased. The latter had disappeared at day 12 and the altered ones at day 15, and from this stage type I glomeruli were no longer present on the treated side. The lack of electron-dense degenerative bouton changes characteristic of Wallerian degeneration offers an explanation for the lack of or minimal amount of argyrophilic structures which has been found consistently in the substantia gelatinosa during transganglionic degeneration. The gradual decay of the C1 terminals raises the question of their fate. Future studies with the use of a stable marker might provide an answer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 22 (1990), S. 171-177 
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Entre avril 1985 et août 1986, 89 troupeaux laitiers jamaïcains de 10 vaches et plus, ont fait l'object d'une enquête. 1645 vaches en lactation ont été contrôlées à l'aide du test californien pour le dépistage de la mammite (CMT) et 254 prélèvements de lait de mélange ont été récoltés pour un examen bactériologique. Des erreurs fréquentes de conduite du troupeau ont été notées particulièrement dans l'emploi des machines à traire et dans leur entretien ainsi que dans l'abus des antibiotiques. 56 p. 100 des quartiers avaient un résultat égal ou supérieur à 1 ou plus au test californien (CMT), 0,8 p. 100 étaient atteints d'une mammite clinique et 3,2 p. 100 étaient “secs”. Le germe pathogène le plus fréquent,Staphylococcus aureus a été trouvé chez 31 p. 100 des vaches examinées. On estime a 20 p. 100 du potentiel national de production la perte de lait résultant de ces mammites cliniques et subcliniques.
    Abstract: Resumen Se visitaron 89 hatos lecheros con 10 o más vacas en Jamaica, entre abril 1985 y agosto 1986. Se examinaron un total ede 1645 vacas lactantes, por medio de la prueba California para mastitis, colectando a la vez 254 muestras compuestas de leche, para exámenes bacteriológicos. Se detectaron un sinnúmero de fallas en el manejo, especialmente relacionados con el uso y mantenimiento de las máquinas de ordeño, y con el abuso de antibióticos. Cincuenta y seis por ciento de todos los cuartos tenían puntajés de CMT de 1 o más altos, 0,8% tenían mastitis clínica y 3,2% estaban ciegos. El patógeno más común fue elStaphylococcus aureus, el cual se recuperó de 31% de las vacas examinadas. La pérdida de leche resultante de mastitis clínica o subclínica, se calculó en un 20% de la producción nacional potencial.
    Notes: Summary A serological survey of goats in St Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica, comprising the breeding herd at the Agricultural Development Corporation (ADC) facility at Hounslow, five commercial herds and 21 family herds was carried out in 1985–1986. TheLeptospira microscopic agglutination test indicated that one or more serovars in the Canicola serogroup were the most prevalent. Repeated samplings of goats at ADC, Hounslow demonstrated an increase inportlandvere andcanicola seropositive animals following the onset of warmer weather and oficterohaemorrhagiae seropositive animals following the autumn rains and cooler weather. Apart from a cluster of family goats seropositive topomona there was no geographical separation of reactors to the other serovars tested in the parish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Entre avril 1985 et août 1986, 89 troupeaux laitiers jamaïcains de 10 vaches et plus, ont fait l'objet d'une enquête. 1645 vaches en lactation ont été contrôlées à l'aide du test californien pour le dépistage de la mammite (CMT) et 254 prélèvements de lait de mélange ont été récoltés pour un examen bactériologique. Des erreurs fréquentes de conduite du troupeau ont été notées particulièrement dans l'emploid des machines à traire et dans leur entretien ainsi que dans l'abus des antibiotiques. 56 p. 100 des quartiers avaient un résultat égal ou supérieur à 1 ou plus au test californien (CMT), 0,8 p. 100 étaient atteints d'une mammite clinique et 3,2 p. 100 étaient “secs”. Le germe pathogène le plus fréquent,Staphylococcus aureus a été trouvé chez 31 p. 100 des vaches examinées. On estime a 20 p. 100 du potential national de production la perte de lait résultant de ces mammites cliniques et subcliniques.
    Abstract: Resumen Se visitaron 89 hatos lecheros con 10 o más, vacas en Jamaica, entre abril 1985 y agosto 1986. Se examinaron un total ede 1·645 vacas lactantes, por medio de la prueba California para mastitis, colectando a la vez 254 muestras compuestas de leche, para exámenes, bacteriológicos. Se detectaron un sinnúmero de fallas en el manejo, especialmente relacionados con el uso y mantenimeiento de las máquinas de ordeño, y con el abuso de antibióticos. Cincuenta y seis por ciento de todos los cuartos tenían mastitis clínica y 3·2% estaban ciegos. El patógeno más común fue elStaphylococcus aureus, el cual se recuperó de 31% de las vacas examinadas. La pérdida de leche resultante de mastitis clínica o subclínica, se calculó en un 20% de la producción nacional potencial.
    Notes: Summary Between April 1985 and August 1986, 89 Jamaican dairy herds with 10 or more cows were visited, 1, 645 lactating cows were examined using the CMT test and 254 composite milk samples collected for bacteriological examination. Widespread management faults were noted, especially of milking machine usage and maintenance and the abuse of antibiotics. Fifty-six per cent of all quarters were found to have CMT scores of one or higher, 0·8% showed clinical mastitis and 3·2% were blind. The most common bacterial pathogenStaphylococcus aureus, was recovered from 31% of sampled cows. The resultant milk loss from clinical and subclinical mastitis was estimated to be 20% of the potential national production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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