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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equation-of-state, shock-temperature, and electrical-conductivity data of dense fluid nitrogen in the region of the dissociative phase transition (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 2244-2257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dissociative phase transition of fluid nitrogen at pressures in the range 30–110 GPa (0.3–1.1 Mbar), temperatures in the range 4000–14 000 K, densities up to 3.5 g/cm3, and internal energies up to 1 MJ/mol was investigated by shock compression. Equation-of-state, shock-temperature, and electrical-conductivity experimental data are presented and analyzed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.459895
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High mass resolution isochronous time-of-flight spectrograph for three-dimensional space plasma measurements (abstract) : Eighth topical conference on high—temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3150-3150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: By combining a toroidal electrostatic analyzer with a novel cylindrically symmetric isochronous time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we have developed an instrument that simultaneously determines the three-dimensional distribution function of ions and differentiates species. The ion mass is determined to high resolution (M/ΔM(approximately-greater-than)50) from the time of flight within a harmonic field configuration defined by hyperboloid equipotential surfaces. A second conventional time-of-flight channel makes use of particles leaving the thin entrance foil as neutrals. An additional solid state detector in which the neutrals are stopped allows the total energy and thereby the ionic charge of the incident ions to be determined as well. Information from the neutral and the ion channels can be combined to determine the total mass of an incident molecular ion and the mass of one atomic fragment. This also removes the ambiguity between molecular ions and isotopic species of the same mass. A laboratory prototype has been used to demonstrate the feasibility of the principle of operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141670
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High mass resolution isochronous time-of-flight spectrograph for three-dimensional space plasma measurements (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3609-3612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: By combining a toroidal electrostatic analyzer with a novel cylindrically symmetric isochronous time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we have developed an instrument that simultaneously determines the three-dimensional distribution function of ions and differentiates species. The ion mass is determined to high resolution (M/ΔM(approximately-greater-than)50) from the time of flight within a harmonic field configuration defined by hyperboloid equipotential surfaces. A second conventional time-of-flight channel makes use of particles leaving the thin entrance foil as neutrals. An additional solid state detector in which the neutrals are stopped allows the total energy and thereby the ionic charge of the incident ions to be determined as well. Information from the neutral and the ion channels can be combined to determine the total mass of an incident molecular ion and the mass of one atomic fragment. This also removes the ambiguity between molecular ions and isotopic species of the same mass. A laboratory prototype has been used to demonstrate the feasibility of the principle of operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141580
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlling the sulphur content of ZnSe1−ySy epitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using diethyl selenide, hydrogen sulphide, and dimethylzinc (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 2835-2837 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial layers of ZnSe1−ySy on (100) GaAs substrates have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The reactants used are dimethylzinc (DMZn), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and diethylselenide (DESe). The DESe has been used rather than the more usual selenium precursor, hydrogen selenide (H2Se). Results on the relationship between the sulphur incorporated into the epilayer and the group VI gas phase reactant molar ratio show a more linear relationship than previously found for the atmospheric pressure growth of this material using the hydrides. Despite the higher growth temperature (450 °C) and nonoptimized conditions the epilayers are shown to be comparable with those grown with hydrides and at lower growth temperatures (280 °C). Low-temperature (10 K) photoluminescence gave near-band-edge emission linewidths of 6.8 meV for the ZnSe0.87S0.13 ternary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105875
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New high-resolution electrostatic ion mass analyzer using time of flight : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3104-3106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a high-resolution mass analyzer that utilizes a measurement of an ion's time of flight (TOF) in an electrostatic field that is configured to produce a harmonic potential. The TOF corresponds to one-half period of a harmonic oscillator and is independent of ion energy, in analogy to the amplitude independence of a harmonic oscillator's period, and is proportional to the square root of the ion's mass per charge ratio. The TOF is determined from a start pulse from secondary electrons produced when the ion passes through a thin carbon foil (1–3 μg/cm2) at the entrance of the TOF region and a stop pulse from the ion striking a microchannel plate (MCP) upon exiting the region. The energy independence of the TOF implies there is no degradation of resolution from energy straggling in the foil. We have achieved a mass resolution M/ΔM (FWHM) of greater than 100 with a laboratory prototype. Three versions of this analyzer for solar wind measurements are included on upcoming space missions and will be flown on the GGS/WIND spacecraft, the SOHO spacecraft, and the ACE spacecraft.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141695
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and thermotropic properties of macrocyclic lipids related to archaebacterial membranes (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 115 (1993), S. 6600-6608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00068a017
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2-D Tomographic Imaging Across the North American Mid-Continent Rift System (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 112 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: 2-D traveltime tomography was used to model the seismic-velocity structure of the Mid-Continent Rift System underneath Lake Superior. the data set came from Line A of the 1986 Great Lakes International Multidisciplinary Program on Crustal Evolution (GLIMPCE) experiment. In-line data analysed in this study were recorded on four land stations and on five ocean-bottom seismometers. Shot spacing on the 240 km long line was approximately 333m. Both direct and refraction arrival times were used to image the upper crust before expanding the process to cover greater distances and depths. Crustal thickness was determined using reflection (PmP) data from the Moho. Several known near-surface structures were resolved. an extensive high-velocity zone (7.0-7.2kms-1) under the central basin of the lake was found to be composed of a plume-like structure rising to a depth of approximately 10km. This plume originates from a broader-based (approximately 50km) mantle bulge, and probably indicates an area of crustal weakness along the rift. A smaller, less complex intrusion appears under the northern basin of the lake. Moho depths increase from about 36 km under the southern flank to about 55 km under the central basin, decreasing again to about 45 km in the north. There is some evidence in the PmP seismic record that the Moho under the central basin is a disrupted transition zone. the velocity model presented here corroborates this. A stability test applied to the tomography velocity model-along with comparisons to other Line A models-indicate that the result is a reliable and a reasonable representation of the Mid-continent Rift System under Lake Superior. These findings support the theory that this complex structure is part of a failed Keweenawan (1100 Ma) tectonic rifting event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01174.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triethylammonium hydrogen dichlorotris(diphenylphosphinito-P)rhodium(III) tetrahydrofuran (1/1) (1994)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 1222-1225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270194002520
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-liquid immiscibility and the origin of carbonatites (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 346 (1990), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The photographs in Fig. 1 show selected areas of vertical sections through five different charges that have been rapidly quenched from 1,225 °C and 15 kbar. The majority of the experiments are in the system SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-Na2O-CO2 although minor constituents have been added in some runs. The ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/346459a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya (1993)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 114 (1993), S. 276-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Three thin, syn-caldera ash flow tuffs of the Suswa volcano, Kenya, contain pumiceous clasts and globules of trachytic glass, and clasts rich in carbonate globules, in a carbonate ash matrix. Petrographic and textural evidence indicates that the carbonate was magmatic. The trachyte is metaluminous to mildly peralkaline and varies from nepheline- to quartz-normative. The carbonate is calcium-rich, with high REE and F contents. The silicate and carbonate fractions have similar 143Nd/144Nd values, suggesting a common parental magma. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns are consistent with a carbonate liquid being exsolved from a silicate liquid after alkali feldspar fractionation. Sr isotopic and REE data show that the carbonate matrix of even the freshest tuffs interacted to some degree with hydrothermal and/or meteoric water. A liquid immiscibility relationship between the trachyte and carbonate is indicated by the presence of sharp, curved menisci between them, the presence of carbonate globules in silicate glass and of fiamme rich in carbonate globules separated by silicate glass, and by the fact that similar phenocryst phases occur in both melts. It is inferred that the carbonate liquid separated from a carbonated trachyte magma prior to, or during, caldera collapse. Viscosity differences segregated the magma into a fraction comprising silicate magma with scattered carbonate globules, and a fraction comprising carbonate globules in a silicate magmatic host. Explosive disruption of the magma generated silicate-and carbonate-rich clasts in a carbonate matrix. The silicate liquid was disaggregated by explosive disruption and texturally appears to have been budding-off into the carbonate matrix. After emplacement, the basal parts of the flows welded slightly and flattened. The Suswa rocks represent a rare and clear example of a liquid immiscibility relationship between trachyte and carbonate melts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
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