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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 43 (1994), S. 79-81 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 423-434 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cholecystolithiasis ; Supersaturation ; Gallstones ; Cholesterol ; Cholecystitis ; Occlusion of the cystic duct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development and growth pattern of solitary and multiple cholesterol gallbladder stones was defined using cholecystography in a prospective study of 48 patients whose initial cholecystograms indicated a stone-free gallbladder and who developed gallstones within the subsequent 5 years. Radiological observations performed over 365 patient-years were complemented by macroscopic examination, radiograms, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis of gallstones from these and other patients obtained at cholecystectomy. Solitary gallstones were found to develop after a precursor phase of over 2 years during which free-floating crystal laminae of cholesterol formed. These laminae subsequently aggregated loosely and underwent external compaction and internal remodeling by movement of cholesterol molecules to form compact spheroids. A single lamina was observed to function as a nucleus for the development of a solitary stone shaped as an ellipsoid. About 10% of solitary stones were found to have a solitary pigment stone in their center. In contrast, multiple cholesterol gallstones formed without a precursor phase. Innumerable, very thin cholesterol crystals appeared which very abruptly aggregated to form spheres of up to 1 mm in diameter. Within 3 months a second aggregation took place in which these spheres coalesced to form mulberry stones. Mulberry stones in turn were transformed either to faceted stones (if many were present in the gallbladder) or to barrel stones (if few were present) over a period of 3 years. It is proposed that temporary occlusion of the cystic duct leads to supersaturation of bile with calcium bilirubinate and/or calcium carbonate which in turn promotes deposition of either or both of these calcium salts on the surface of single or multiple gallstones. For multiple gallstones, this process or the deposition of additional cholesterol crystals seals the gallstone surface and is followed by metamorphosis of the stone center.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 208-213 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Allergy ; Whooping cough ; Pertussis toxin ; IgE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate whether pertussis induces the development of allergy, a prospective study was performed in 25 children aged 0.8–12.2 years. The patients underwent allergy diagnostics during pertussis infection and at a follow-up visit 8–14 months later. Diagnostic criteria included the medical history of the patients and their families, a modified skin prick test, measurement of serum IgE and radio-allergosorbent test screening for specific sensitizations. At the time of pertussis, serum IgE concentration in the study group was 62+ 30 kU/ml. At the follow-up visit, there was a significant increase in serum IgE to 137 ± 51 kU/ml, which was also significantly higher than IgE in an age-matched control group. Children at a significantly higher risk for developing IgE increase or new allergic sensitizations were those with a family history of allergy or potentially allergic disease in their personal history. Our results indicate that pertussis may induce IgE production in affected children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A recombinant immunoblot was developed for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with Lyme borreliosis. The recombinant antigens were the chromosomal-encodedBorrelia burgdorferi proteins p100, the flagellin and an internal flagellin fragment thereof as well as the plasmid-encoded outer surface proteins A (OspA) and C (OspC). A panel of 144 sera from patients with Lyme borreliosis (erythema migrans,n = 31; neuroborreliosis state II,n = 60; Lyme arthritis,n = 24 and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans,n =19) have been investigated and the results have been compared to the immunofluorescence absorption test (IFA-ABS) and to two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [the flagellin ELISA and a newly developed ELISA (OGP-ELISA)]. The two ELISAs were comparable in sensitivity, whereas the IFA-ABS was less sensitive for IgM antibody but equally sensitive for IgG antibody detection. Immunoblot analysis revealed that IgG antibodies are mainly reactive with p 100 and the internal flagellin fragment (sensitivity 51% and 32%, respectively) and rarely with OspC (14%). All patients with late Lyme borreliosis had IgG antibodies against the p100. IgM antibodies were predominantly directed against OspC (43%) and in a lower extent against the internal flagellin fragment and p100 (15% and 13%, respectively). The complete flagellin was not useful due to a high number of unspecific reactions with control sera and the OspA was only exceptionally reactive in Lyme borreliosis patients. The sensitivity of IgM antibody detection could be increased in cases with early Lyme borreliosis from 46% to 65% when the OspC blot was performed in addition to the flagellin ELISA, or from 56% to 65% when performed in addition to the OGP-ELISA. The recombinant blot is, therefore, a valuable diagnostic test to increase sensitivity of early antibody detection and is regarded as a valuable confirmatory test also in late disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Toluene ; Maternal toxicity ; Embryotoxicity ; Teratogenicity ; Rabbit ; Inhalation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prenatal toxicity of toluene was determined in two separate studies by inhalation exposure of Himalayan rabbits. In the first study 15 artificially inseminated females per group were exposed to 30, 100, or 300 ppm and in the second study 20 artificially inseminated females per group inhaled 100 or 500 ppm. In each case the rabbits were exposed for 6 hours per day from day 6 post-insemination (p. i.) to day 18 p. i. The respective controls inhaled conditioned clean air under the same exposure conditions. No signs of maternal toxicity were observed. All data obtained on gestational parameters were found to be within the variation range reported for this rabbit strain. The fetal external, soft tissue and skeletal findings were seen in toluene exposed fetuses in a frequency similar to the corresponding and/or historical controls. Differences observed between the groups were not concentration dependent and were considered incidental rather than compound related. Therefore, toluene was not embryotoxic, fetotoxic, or teratogenic for rabbits exposed during the period of organogenesis. The highest concentration tested under these conditions (500 ppm) was found to be a no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for both the adult and the fetal Himalayan rabbit. Based on these and previous results of animal studies of prenatal toxicity, a safety or uncertainty factor approach is considered for setting limits of exposure for women at workplaces. A pregnancy guidance value of 20 ppm is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 175-178 (Nov. 1994), p. 1009-1014 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 41 (1990), S. 401-415 
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A dose-response study was performed with three doses of colestipol, using postprandial serum bile acid levels to assess bile acid sequestering activity in 40 volunteers with asymptomatic hyperlipidaemia. Subjects who entered the study had total serum cholesterol concentrations greater than 220 mg/dl and triglyceride concentrations less than 200 mg/dl. They were randomly assigned to one of four parallel treatment groups: (a) placebo b.d., colestipol (as Colestid hydrochloride granules) 2.5 g b.d., (c) colestipol 5 g b.d., and (d) colestipol 7.5 g b.d. Subjects were maintained on a constant repeating solid diet throughout the 6-day study period, and colestipol was ingested 30 min before breakfast and dinner. No drug was administered on Days 1–3; baseline (pre-treatment) serum bile acid concentration profiles were determined on Day 3. The above treatments were given on Days 4–6, and total serum bile acid
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Crust formation ages inferred on the basis of Nd model age, U-Pb zircon and Pb-Pb data for granulites from central Sri Lanka, and the late Archean Lewisian (Scotland) and Nuk (south-western Greenland) high-grade gneisses are comparable, and in the range 2.2–3.0 Ga and 2.8–3.0 Ga respectively. The time interval between crust formation and high-grade metamorphism (with its attendant depletions of incompatible and heat-producing elements) is in the order of ∼ 2 Ga for the ∼ 0.6 Ga Highland granulites of Sri Lanka, but are less than ∼ 0.1–0.2 Ga for the Lewisian and Nuk gneisses. Severe depletions of U and Th produced the distinctive unradiogenic present-day Pb ratios of the Lewisian and Nuk gneisses. The Sri Lanka granulites, in contrast, preserve a record of an extended residence in a high U/Pb, high Th/Pb environment and display radiogenic »upper crustal« — like present-day isotope ratios. Relative to primitive mantle compositions, the Pb isotopes identify the Lewisian and Nuk terrains as crustal reservoirs depleted in Th and U (relative to Pb), whereas the Highland granulites are enriched. The global Pb isotope mass balance requires the existence of low U/Pb, low Th/Pb and high Th/U reservoir(s) for successful solutions, and the lower crust is a likely candidate for this reservoir. High-grade terrains like Sri Lanka show depletions of measured U and Th abundances relative to Pb, but do not show Pb isotope signatures of »model bulk lower crust«. Archean high-grade gneisses display the appropriate combination of retarded Th/Pb and U/Pb although their absolute compositions are much less radiogenic than those of »model bulk lower crust« predicted from simple mass balance calculations.
    Abstract: Résumé Les âges modèles de formation de la croûte, estimés à partir des méthodes Nd, U-Pb (zircon) et Pb-Pb, pour les granulites du Sri Lanka central d'une part et les gneiss de degré élevé lewisiens (Archéen sup.) d'Ecosse et de Nuk (sud-ouest du Groenland) d'autre part, sont comparables et se situent respectivement dans les intervalles de 2,2–3,0 Ga et 2,8–3,0 Ga. L'intervalle de temps qui sépare la formation de la croûte et le pic du métamorphisme (accompagné de pertes d'éléments incompatibles et producteurs de chaleur) est de l'ordre de ± 2 Ga pour les granulites du Sri Lanka, âgées de ± 0,6 Ga, mais n'excède pas 0,1 à 0,2 Ga pour le Lewisien et les gneiss de Nuk. Des pertes sévères en U et en Th sont responsables des rapports Pb actuels peu radiogéniques dans le Lewisien et les gneiss de Nuk. Par contre, les granulites du Sri Lanka se sont maintenues dans des conditions de rapports U/Pb et Th/Pb élevés et fournissent des rapports isotopiques analogues à ceux de la croûte supérieure actuelle. Par rapport aux compositions mantéliques primitives, les isotopes du Pb identifient le Lewisien et les formations de Nuk comme des réservoirs crustaux appauvris en Th et en U (par rapport au Pb), tandis que les granulites du Sri Lanka ont été enrichies. Le bilan de masse des isotopes du Pb à l'échelle globale requiert l'existence d'un ou de plusieurs réservoirs à faible U/Pb, faible Th/Pb et haut Th/U; la croûte inférieure pourrait constituer ce réservoir. Des formations très métamorphiques comme celles du Sri Lanka présentent un appauvrissement des teneurs en U et en Th par rapport au Pb, mais ne montrent pas les signatures isotopiques du Pb correspondant à un modèle de croûte inférieure globale. Les gneiss archéens de degré élevé possèdent la combinaison adéquate des rapports Th/Pb et U/Pb déprimés, bien que leurs compositions absolues soient moins radiogéniques que celle de la »croûte inférieure type« prévue par les bilans de masse.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nd-Modellalter, U-Pb-Zirkondaten sowie Pb-Pb-Alter weisen auf vergleichbare Krustenbildungsalter von 2.2–3.0 Ga für den zentralen Granulitgürtel Sri Lankas bzw. 2.8–3.0 Ga für die spätarchaischen Granulitgebiete der Lewisian-(Schottland) und Nuk-Komplexe (südwestliches Grönland) hin. Die extrem lange Zeitspanne von ca. 2 Ga zwischen Krustenbildung und hochgradiger Metamorphose und die daraus resultierende Verarmung an hochinkompatiblen Elementen unterscheidet jedoch die ca. 0.6 Ga alten Granulite der Highland- und Südwest-Gruppe Sri Lankas von den Lewisian- und Nuk-Gneisen. Hier erfolgte die Granulitmetamorphose verhältnismäßig bald nach der Krustenbildung (≤ 0.1–0.2 Ga), und die frühe signifikante Verarmung an U und Th ist verantwortlich für die heutige, wenig radiogene Pb-Isotopie in diesen Gesteinen. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen Konzentrationsmessungen an den Granuliten Sri Lankas zwar eine Verarmung von U und Th relativ zu Pb, was aber aus der hochradiogenen Pb-Isotopie nicht ersichtlich ist. Der Grund hierfür ist, daß dieser Krustenkomplex eine sehr lange Zeit zur kontinentalen Oberkruste gehörte, mit entsprechend hohen U/Pb- und Th/Pb-Verhältnissen und dem daraus entstandenen Zuwachs an radiogenem Blei. Die terrestrische Massenbilanz des Bleis erfordert, daß die zeitintegrierten erhöhten U/Pb-, Th/Pb- und erniedrigten Th/U-Werte sowohl der Oberkruste als auch fast aller Mantel-derivate durch ein Reservoir, wie z.B. die Unter-kruste, mit langfristig erniedrigtem U/Pb und Th/ Pb und erhöhtem Th/U kompensiert werden muß. Krustenkomplexe wie Sri Lanka, die erst in jüngster Zeit in die Unterkruste versenkt wurden, kommen dafür nicht in Frage. Archaische Granulitgebiete, jedoch, zeigen das entsprechende Th/Pb und U/Pb, wenn auch ihre absolute Zusammensetzung deutlich weniger radiogen ist als es die Modellunterkruste verlangt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 372 (1994), S. 63-68 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Many hitherto puzzling features of the isotope and trace-element geochemistry of the Earth's mantle and crust can be explained if Earth history is punctuated by episodes of enhanced exchange between the lower and upper mantle. Such episodes would replenish the upper mantle with trace elements, and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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