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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Liver, neoplasm ; Hepatocellular carcinoma, CT, MR, US
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The capabilities of computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were studied in order to determine the role of each of these noninvasive examinations for estimating the T-factor of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Fifty-one patients with surgically proven HCCs received CT (50 patients), US (46 patients), and MR (44 patients). The images of CT, US, and MR were prospectively evaluated for main tumor size, intrahepatic metastases, and vascular invasion, which compose the T-factor of HCC, and compared to pathological results. The sizes of the main tumor were estimated correctly by all examinations. For estimating intrahepatic metastases, US (74%) and MR (73%) were superior to CT (65%). For estimating portal invasion, CT (79%) was superior to US (70%) and MR (66%), because CT could demonstrate the segmental staining caused by portal invasion. The estimates of hepatic venous invasion were difficult during any of the examinations. We conclude that presurgical evaluations of the T-factor require the use of US and CT or MR and CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: major hepatectomy ; multiple regression analysis ; portal pressure ; aging ; liver cirrhosis ; chronic hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The regenerative capacity of the liver was assessed using a volumetric method on computed tomography in 21 adults: 16 underwent a standard right hepatic lobectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma, there were hepatic metastases in 3 others, and 2 suffered from other diseases. The patients' ages ranged from 33 to 68 years with a mean age of 57.0 years. The regeneration rate was expressed as the rate of the volume increase of the remnant left lobe compared with the preoperative volume of the left lobe. A univariate regression analysis showed that the portal pressure had a highly inverse correlation with the regeneration rate of the liver (r = −0.4753,P = 0.0397), while a multiple regression analysis demonstrated the correlation between the portal pressure, age, and the regeneration rate (multipler = 0.5640). The regeneration rate of the normal liver (97.6 ± 53.5%) was significantly higher than that of the chronic hepatitic (43.0 ± 40.7%), and also tended to be higher than that of the cirrhotic liver (51.5 ± 13.2%). However, there were no differences between chronic hepatitic and cirrhotic livers. The portal pressure before hepatectomy of the normal liver (149 ± 19 mmH2O) was significantly lower than those of chronic hepatitic (188 ± 38 mmH2O) and cirrhotic (245 ±78 mmH2O) livers. We thus conclude that the regenerative capacity of the liver following a right hepatic lobectomy could be estimated on the basis of both portal pressure and age. The regenerative capacity was also influenced by underlying liver diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Vingt-deux patients cirrhotiques ayant un carcinome hépatocellulaire associé à des varices esophagiennes ont eu une résection hépatique aggressive associée à une dévascularisation et/ou à une sclérothérapie endoscopique périopératoire (groupe A). Les résultats ont été comparés à ceux de 37 patients cirrhotiques sans varices oesophagiennes qui ont eu une résection hépatique pour un carcinome 〈 2 cm pendant la même période (groupe B). Ont été étudiés les données cliniques, paracliniques préopératoires, l'aspect anatomopathologique, la survie globale et la survie sans maladie. La durée de l'opération, la quantité de sang perdu et le poids du foie réséqué ne différaient pas, alors que la taille de la tumeur dans le groupe A (2.7±1.6 cm, moyenne±ET) était significativement plus importante que dans le groupe B (1.5±0.3 cm). La fonction hépatique préopératoire était plus perturbée dans le groupe A par rapport au groupe B exception faite pour le temps de prothrombine. En dépit de ces inconvénients, les taux de survie sans maladie à 1, 3 et 5 ans des groupes A étaient respectivement de 72% et 94%, 48% et 54%, et 38% et 45% par rapport au groupe B, repsectivement. Les taux de survie globale étaient respectivement de 91% et 97%, 79% et 79% et 54% et 67%, sans différence significative, dans les groups A et B. Aucun malade dans le groupe A n'a saigné après traitement. Sur ces données, la résection hépatique aggressive associée à une dévasculatisation simultanée ou une sclérothérapie endoscopique périopératoire est le traitement de choix pour un carcinome hépatocellulaire associé à des varices oesophagiennes.
    Abstract: Resumen Veintidós pacientes con carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) y várices esofágicas concomitantes fueron sometidos a resección hepática acompañada de devascularización y/o escleroterapia endoscópica perioperatoria (grupo A). Con el propósito de evaluar esta modalidad de tratamiento, se estudiaron también 37 pacientes cirróticos sin varices esofágicas que fueron sometidos a resección hepática por CHC pequeño, de 2 cm o menos, en la misma época (grupo B), comparando datos preoperatorios, hallazgos anatomopatológicos, tasas de evolución libre de enfermedad y tasas de sobrevida. El tiempo operatorio, la magnitud de la pérdida de sangre y el peso del hígado resecado no mostraron diferencias entre los dos grupos; sin embargo, el tamaño del tumor en el grupo A (2.7±1.6 cm) fue significativamente mayor que en el grupo B (1.5±0.3 cm). La alteración de la función hepática en el grupo A apareció más pronunciada que en el grupo B, excepto por el tiempo de protrombina. A pesar de estas ventajas, las tasas de evolución a uno, tres y cinco años en los dos grupos fueron 91% vs 97%, 79% vs 79% y 54% vs 67% (grupo A vs grupo B) respectivamente, cifras que no representan diferencia significativa. Además, no se encontró sangrado varicoso en el grupo A después del tratamiento. Con base en taies hallazgos, se plantea que el tratamiento de elección en los pacientes con CHC y várices esofágicas concomitantes es la resección agresiva combinada con devascularización simultánea y/o escleroterapia endoscópica perioperatoria.
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-two cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and concomitant esophageal varices underwent aggressive hepatic resection accompanied by simultaneous devascularization, perioperative endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, or both (group A). To evaluate this treatment, 37 cirrhotic patients without esophageal varices who underwent hepatic resection for small HCC (2 cm or less) during the same period (group B) were studied to compare clinical data, preoperative laboratory data, pathologic findings, disease-free rates, and survival rates. The operative time, blood loss, and resected liver weight did not differ between the two groups; however, the tumor size of group A (2.7±1.6 cm, mean±SD) was significantly larger than that of group B (1.5±0.3 cm). The preoperative liver function of group A was also more severe than that of group B except for prothrombin time. Despite these disadvantages, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free rates of the two groups were 72% versus 94%, 48% versus 54%, and 38% versus 45%, respectively, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 91% versus 97%, 79% versus 79%, and 54% versus 67% (group A versus group B), respectively, which showed no significant differences. Furthermore, there was no variceal bleeding in group A after treatment. Based on the above findings, for treatment of HCC and concomitant esophageal varices, aggressive hepatic resection accompanied by simultaneous devascularization, perioperative endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, or both is the preferred form of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: hepatectomy ; fibrinolysis ; tissue-type plasminogen activator ; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The factors related to the initiation of fibrinolysis, especially with regard to the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were investigated in 15 patients who underwent hepatic resection, and the findings were compared between those with normal livers and those with diseased livers. It was found that tPA increased before hepatic division, whereas PAI-1 increased after hepatic division and reached a peak immediately following the operation. Plasminogen decreased during hepatectomy, reaching its lowest point on postoperative day 1, and increasing later. Decreased levels of both plasminogen and the α2-plasmin inhibitor were considered to be partly due to plasmin formation in the blood. Patients with a diseased liver tended to have higher intraoperative values of euglobulin lysis activity and higher postoperative values of plasminogen activator, but significantly lower postoperative values of α2-plasmin inhibitor than those with a normal liver. The results of this study suggest that activation of the fibrinolytic system occurs both during hepatectomy and in the early postoperative period, and that patients with a diseased liver are prone to develop hyperfibrinolysis during hepatectomy. Moreover, the increased levels of both tPA and PAI-1 can serve as one of the most sensitive markers for the vital reaction against surgical stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-689X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A simple outpatient follow-up system was developed with a laptop personal computer to assist management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resections. Since it is based on a non-relational database program and the graphical user interface of Macintosh operating system, those who are not a specialist of the computer operation can use it. It is helpful to promptly recognize current status and problems of the patients, to diagnose recurrences of the disease and to prevent lost from follow-up cases. A portability of the computer also facilitates utilization of these data everywhere, such as in clinical conferences and laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: portal pressure ; hepatic resection ; platelet count ; indocyanine green retention rate ; prothrombin time index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Portal pressures were estimated non-invasively in 100 patients who underwent hepatic resection and completely fulfilled the 21 variables evaluated. Ten variables were selected from among all those in the univariate analysis, and a stepwise discriminant analysis revealed four independent significant variables, namely: The indocyanine green dye retention test at 15 min (ICGR15); the prothrombin time index; the platelet count; and the globulin fraction. An equation to estimate the portal pressure was made using the coefficients in the analysis, the reliability of which was confirmed (r=0.70484,P=0.0001). The univariate analysis revealed ten significant variables to discriminate portal hypertension, defined as a portal pressure of over 200 mmH2O. A multiple logistic regression analysis of these variables revealed two independent variables, being ICGR15 and the platelet count. Thus, we consider that our equation for estimating portal pressure is potentially useful, and that the platelet count and ICGR15 are the most significant parameters in discriminating between the presence or absence of portal hypertension. Moreover, a platelet count of less than 120×103/mm3 and an ICGR15 value of more than 15% correlated well with portal hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: multiple organ failure ; elective operation ; liver cirrhosis ; esophageal carcinoma ; aortic aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A retrospective analysis was made of 58 patients who unexpectedly developed multiple organ failure (MOF) following elective surgery, and the results were compared with those of 168 control patients who did not develop MOF. In 33 patients with liver cirrhosis, MOF was related to poor liver function, a low albumin level, excessive blood loss, many transfusions, and a high incidence of hypotension. MOF, rather than liver failure alone, was featured by postoperative bleeding and infection. In 15 patients with esophageal carcinoma, MOF was correlated with many transfusions, anastomotic leakage, and postoperative infection. In 10 patients who underwent surgery for an aortic aneurysm, poor renal function and extended anesthesia time were associated with MOF. These results indicate that to prevent MOF following elective surgery, it is important to: (1) Select patients for liver surgery according to their liver function, and minimize the risk of bleeding and infection, (2) avoid too many blood transfusions, and minimize the risk of leakage and infection in esophageal surgery, and (3) select patients for aortic surgery based on renal function and reduce the anesthesia time as much as possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: synchronous double cancer ; esophageal cancer ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; etiology ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An ongoing analysis of 762 patients with esophageal cancer revealed 4 (0.52%) male patients with synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A long history of habitual alcohol intake and heavy cigarette smoking was recognized in all four patients and, therefore, the possibility of these two factors being independent risk factors for this double cancer was suggested. Palliative treatment was undertaken since either one or both cancers were too far advanced, or because liver function was poor even in those patients with resectable cancers. The prognosis correlated more closely to the TNM stage of esophageal cancer rather than the HCC and the causes of death were related to the esophageal cancer in all four patients. These findings suggest that, in patients with this combination of double cancer, the state of the esophageal cancer may be a more reliable prognostic factor than that of the HCC and thus, the curability of esophageal cancer is of primary importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: hepatic resection ; intraperitoneal septic complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A retrospective study was conducted to compare open conduit drains with closed suction drains, with regard to the occurrence of intraperitoneal septic complications after hepatectomy (IPSCH). The subjects comprised 50 consecutive Japanese patients who underwent hepatic resection followed by the insertion of a closed suction drain and the control group comprised 50 patients in whom a simple conduit drain had been placed following liver surgery. There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex, age, underlying liver disease, or the type of hepatectomy performed; nor was there a significant difference in the incidence of IPSCH, the simple conduit drain group versus the closed suction drain group being (10% versus 8%, respectively). However, bile leakage was highly related to IPSCH, the incidence being 60% and 100% in the simple conduit drain and closed suction drain groups, respectively. Thus, to prevent IPSCH, the treatment of bile leakage is a much more important factor than the type of drain used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: MRSA ; Staphyloccus aureus ; risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the characteristics, risk factors, and prevention of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a total of 3,627 patients were studied. Among these, 1,336 patients with various infections were used in a risk factor analysis of MRSA to determine the relationship between the use of antibiotics and the incidence of MRSA. Only 3.0% of infections were attributed to MRSA, the esophagus and colorectal region being highly involved, as anastomotic or pelvic abscesses, while the lung had a lower incidence. Almost half the patients with MRSA infections (47.6%) had concomitant infections. A univariate analysis revealed the following significant factors: The coexistence of gastrointestinal or metastatic malignancy, sepsis, tracheostomy, and the prior use of antibiotics such as the β-lactam compounds or aminoglycosides. A multivariate analysis showed that gastrointestinal malignancy, sepsis, and the prior use of aminoglycosides, tetracycline, macrolides, and carbapenems were independently significant factors. To promote the education of doctors and nurses, regular in-service meetings on MRSA were held in the ward. Moreover, preventive approaches such as patient isolation, strategically placed hand washing equipment, and the use of disposable gloves and contaminated waste bags, have been initiated, and the incidence of MRSA has decreased significantly since then. Thus, to control MRSA, the following steps should be taken: (1) constant and careful surveillance, (2) regular risk factor analyses, (3) the optimal administration of antibiotics, and (4) the education of all hospital staff.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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