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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 39-40 (Dec. 1994), p. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology 3 (1993), S. 313-315 
    ISSN: 1432-1068
    Keywords: Hanche ; Fracture ; Ostéosynthèse ; Infection ; Staphylocoques ; Hip ; Fracture ; Osteosynthesis ; Infection ; Staphylococci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary During the last decade a decrease in postoperative infections in femoral neck fracture osteosynthesis was noted which led us to review all femoral neck fractures for infection. In a retrospective series of 1894 femoral neck fractures, the majority of which were included in other limited prospective studies, a total of 15 deep infections were diagnosed (0.8%). Staph. aureus was the most common bacterium cultured, and the diagnosis was established more than 4 months postoperatively in 9 of the patients. A total of 658 of the 1894 patients, who had pre- or peroperative tetracycline administration for measuring bone turnover, had two deep infections (0.3%). Among the remaining 1236 patients without antibiotic prophylaxis, 13 deep infections were diagnosed (1.0%). This difference suggests considering antibiotic prophylaxis in femoral neck fracture osteosynthesis. Eight of the infections led to THR, usually two-stage ; no signs of recurrent infection ensued, and the hip function of these patients was restored. The remaining 7 patients had Girdlestone procedures, also without recurrent infection, but with inferior functional outcome.
    Notes: Résumé On a noté pendant les dix dernières années une chute du nombre d'infections postopératoires dans les ostéosynthèses des fractures du col fémoral, ce qui nous a amené à revoir tous les cas infectés de ces fractures. Lors d'une série rétrospective de 1 894 fractures du col fémoral, dont la plupart étaient dans d'autres études prospectives limitées, on a diagnostiqué un total de 15 infections profondes (0,8 %). Le staphylocoque doré était la bactérie la plus souvent en cause ; le diagnostic était établi plus de 4 mois après l'intervention chez 9 des patients. 658 patients sur les 1 894, auxquels il avait été administré des tétracyclines per-opératoires pour mesurer le renouvellement osseux, ont présenté deux infections profondes (0,3 %). Parmi les 1 236 patients restants, sans antibioprophylaxie, on a comptabilisé 13 infections profondes (1,0 %). Cette différence incite à recommander la prophylaxie antibiotique dans l'ostéosynthèse de la fracture du col du fémur. Huit des infections ont conduit à une arthroplastie totale de la hanche, habituellement en deux étapes ; il n'y eut pas de récidive d'infection, et la fonction de la hanche fut rétablie chez ces patients. Les 7 patients restants ayant subi une résection de type Girdlestone, n'eurent aucune récidive d'infection, mais leur résultat fonctionnel fut moins bon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 657 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A radio immunoassay was developed allowing measurement of the cytotoxic cationic ECP. The assay, which has a total incubation time of 3.5 hr, is a double antibody assay with radiolabelled ECP. covering the concentration range of 2–200 μ/l. Performance data show a detection limit of 〈 2 μg/1 and a cross-reactivity with eosinophil protein X (EPX/EDN) of 〈0.06%. The coefficient of variation (%) within the measuring range was, within assay 4.8–10.4, and total 6.6–12.0. The assay is useful for measurement in various body fluids including serum, nasal secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and dilution of samples prior to analysts was generally not required. Sera from 100 apparently healthy individuals revealed a geometric mean of 6.0 μg ECP/1 and a range (95%) of 2.3–15.9 μg/1. The elimination rate of ECP, t12. in vivo was estimated to be 65 min when ECP was measured in serum. Comparisons between this assay and a method previously described showed that the new method is superior with regard to precision and assay procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5897-5903 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the dielectric properties of cement mortars, with water/cement ratios between 0.5 and 0.78, in the frequency range 10−3≤f≤107 Hz. The dielectric response can be modeled by an equivalent circuit incorporating electrode polarization and bulk conduction. The bulk dc conductance and the amplitude of a constant phase element describing the dispersive part of the bulk response display characteristic dependencies on the water content of the samples. The power-law exponent of the constant phase element is independent of water content and can be related to the fractal dimension of the pore surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 32 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recently we showed that not only homozygous MRL lpr/lpr mice but also heterozygous MRL +/lpr mice display defective antigen- and mitogen-driven T-cell responses as well as polyclonal B-cell activation compared with congeneic MRL +/+ mice. In this study we examined die impact of the heterozygous lpr gene on organ pathology in kidneys, joints, and salivary glands, as well as serum levels of immunoglobulins and autoantibodies in young and old MRL mice. Only 1 out of 17 heterozygous lpr-bearing MRL mice developed clinically overt renal disease with significant proteinuria and haematuria during the first year of life. However, examination of Ig and C3 deposits in glomeruli of kidneys from these mice revealed that the expression of the heterozygous lpr gene in MRL mice accelerates glomerulonephritis in addition, histological examination of the submandibular salivary glands showed an increased focus score in heterozygous MRL mice at 4–5 months of age compared with that of matched congeneic +/+ mice. In contrast, no signs of arthropathy were registered in the heterozygous lpr-bearing MRL mice. Heterozygous MRL mice displayed an expanding lymphoid system as evaluated by significantly increased spleen and lymph node weights com pared with those of matched MRL +/+ mice. Further evidence for immunomodulatory properties of the heterozygous lpr gene was obtained when analysing serum levels of IgG, IgM, and autoantibodies. Thus, heterozygous MRL +/lpr mice produced significantly higher levels of both Ig and autoantibodies than matched MRL +/+ mice. We conclude that the expression of the heterozygous lpr gene in MRL mice results in acceleration of the autoimmune process, giving rise to precocious clinical disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four IgG subclasses have been identified in the human system. Despite the tact that they exhibit differences in their functional properties, antigenic properties and chemical composition and demonstrate age-related shifts in their expression, the genes coding for their constant regions show extensive homology at the nucleotide level (〉 95%). The only parts of the Cγ genes that show significant variation among the different IgG subclasses are the exons coding for their hinge regions (〈 60%). Taking advantage of such sequence variation, we have developed specific RNA probes which allowed us to analyse the expression of the Cγ1. Cγ2, Cγ3 and Cγ4 genes al the mRNA level using solution hybridization. We have defined optimal conditions that allow the detection of picogram levels of IgG subclass specific mRNA, while keeping the cross-reactivity between the different probes below 2%. This approach will significantly facilitate studies aiming at characterizing the molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of the four human IgG heavy chain constant region genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 42 (1990), S. 249-263 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 14 verschiedene Platingruppen-Minerale (PGM) wurden in einem massiven Chromitit aus dem ultramafischen Osthammeren Tektonitkörper (Serpentinit), Norwegen, gefunden. Zwei texturell verschiedene Gruppen von PGM-Einschlüssen treten auf. 1. Os, Ir, Ru und untergeordnet Pt kommen als eu-bis subhedrale, kleine ( 〈 5–20 , µm) hauptsächlich einphasige Einschlüsse in Form von Os-freiem Laurit, Os-Laurit, Osmiridium und Pt2 (Ir, Os) Fe0.65, vor. Sie sind alle in frischem Chromit eingeschlossen. Einige PGM-Einschlüsse sind jedoch mit kleinen Körnern von Na-führender Hornblende und Phlogopit, die ebenfalls als Einschlüsse im Chromit vorliegen, vergesellschaftet. Dies weist darauf hin, daß die Anwesenheit von Volatilen in einer Frühphase (d.h. vor der Chromitkristallisation) die Bildung dieser PGM's beeinflußt haben könnte. Das Auftreten von PGM in nicht alteriertem Chromit legt einen primär magmatischen Ursprung nahe. 2. Selten treten sekundäre PGM's in Form von anhedral (-subhedralen), texturell oft komplexen Körnern oder Kornaggregaten verschiedenster Größe (5–70 ,µm), auf. Sie bestehen aus bis zu 8 PGM-Phasen, sowie Ni-Sulfiden und Ni-Arseniden. Diese PGM's kommen immer in oder in Kontakt mit spät gebildeten kataklastischen Rissen und schmalen Gängchen in primären magmatischen Chromitkörnern vor. Die schmalen Gängchen werden generell von Ferritchromit, einem hydrothermalen Alterationsprodukt des Chromits, augefüllt. Die breiten Risse sind gewöhnlich mit Serpentin und Chlorit gefüllt; Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt und untergeordnet Pd sind die in dieser Gruppe vertretenen Elemente. Os-freier Laurit, Os-Laurit, Erlichmannit, gediegen Os, Iridosmium, Osarsit, Irarsit, Hollingworthit, Rh-reicher Platarsit (?), Ru-reicher Platarsit, Sperrylith, (Ir, Rh)SbS, IrSbS, (Ir, Pb, Pb)SZ (neu?), Pd-Antimonit (wahrscheinlich Stibiopalladinit), sowie die Phasen Pentlandit, Heazlewoodit und Niccolit sind die Minerale dieser sekundären PGM-Assoziation.
    Notes: Summary Fourteen different platinum-group minerals (PGM) have been found in massive chromitite from the Osthammeren ultramafic tectonite (serpentinite) body, Norway. The PGM-inclusions occur in two distinctly different textural groups. 1. Os, Ir, Ru and minor Pt occur in euhedral-subhedral, small (〈 5–20 , µm), mainly single-phase inclusions of Os-free laurite, Os-laurite, osmiridium and Pt2 (Ir, Os)Fe0,65. They are totally enclosed in fresh chromite. A few PGM-inclusions are however associated with small blebs of Na-bearing hornblende and phlogopite, included in the chromite, indicating that the presence of volatiles at an early stage (i.e. preceding chromite crystallization) may have influenced the formation of these PGM. The occurrence of PGM within unaltered chromite suggests a primary magmatic origin of these. 2. Purely secondary PGM occur as anhedral-(subhedral), texturally often very complex grains or grain-aggregates of varying size (5–70 µm) and consisting of from one to eight PGM-phases plus Ni-sulphide and Ni-arsenide. These PGM always occur within, or in contact with, late formed cataclastic cracks or very fine fissures, in the primary magmatic chromite grains. The finer fissures are generally tightened by ferrit-chromite, a hydrothermal alteration product of chromite. The wider cracks are usually serpentineand chlorite-filled and are rimmed by ferrit-chromite against the chromite. Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt and minor Pd are represented in grains of this group, and the secondary PGM—association found consists of Os-free laurite, Os-laurite, erlichmanite, Ir-rich erlichmanite, native Os, iridosmine, osarsite, irarsite, hollingworthite, Rh-rich platarsite (?), Ru-rich platarsite, sperrylite, (Ir, Rh)SbS, IrSbS, (Ir, Pt, Pb)S2 (new?), Pd-antimonide (probably stibiopalladinite) plus the associated phases pentlandite, heazlewoodite and niccolite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 26 (1993), S. 414-424 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Une étude microstructurale de mortiers préparés à partir de ciment à faible teneur en alcali et en C3A ainsi que de cendres volantes de classe F (tous deux d’origine suédoise) a été menée en se servant du microscope électronique à balayage et de la technique d’analyse de rayons X à dispersion d’énergie. Les phases supplémentaires étaient étudiées par thermogravimétrie et analyse thermique différentielle. Normalement, les critaux de CH croissent dans la zone de transition en sorte que leur axe est parallèle à la surface du granulat (ou le plan de clivage (0 0 1) perpendiculaire à la surface). En croissant le CH recouvre les cendres volantes, ce qui réduit la quantité de CH orienté à l’interface pâte-granulat. La diminution de CH, très importante après 28 jours, semble dépendre surtout de la réaction entre les cristaux de CH et la phase vitreuse des cendres volantes. Au début de l’hydratation, l’addition de cendres volantes affaiblit la zone d’interface entre la pâte et le granulat en réduisant les points de contact. Le rapport eau-ciment local est aussi augmenté. Une fois que la réaction des cendres volantes commence, la situation s’améliore de façon significative. Afin d’augmenter la réactivité des cendres volantes, on a ajouté du gypse. Les résultats démontrent que, bien que le gypse puisse accélérer la réaction des cendres volantes, la formation de produits de réaction, ainsi que les avantages, dépendent de la quantité totale de gypse dans la pâte.
    Notes: Abstract A microstructural study of mortars prepared with a low-alkali, low-C3A cement and a Class F fly ash, both of Swedish origin, was carried out using the scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analytical technique. Supplementary phase analyses were made by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis. Normally, CH crystals in the transition zone grow with their c axis parallel (or the (0 0 1) cleavage plane perpendicular) to the aggregate surface. The encapsulation of the fly ash particles by the growing CH reduces the amount of orientated CH at the aggregate-paste interface. The growth mechanism of these crystals is discussed. The reduction of CH, most significant after 28 days of hydration, is mainly due to the reaction of CH with the fly ash glass phase. Initially, the replacement of cement by fly ash weakens the paste-aggregate interfacial zone due to reduction of contact points, and increases the local water-to-cement ratio. This, however, improves significantly when the fly ash has reacted. In order to enhance the reaction of fly ash, extra gypsum was added. The results show that gypsum can accelerate the fly ash reaction, but the products formed, and the beneficial effects of gypsum, are mainly determined by the total amount of gypsum in the paste.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 360 (1992), S. 666-668 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Use of coloured dye particles as pollen analogues has yielded components of fitness for selected plant individuals4, whereas for favourable cases genetic paternity-exclusion procedures5"7 have allowed pollen parents to be identified for up to 85% of the fruits produced8. But the genetic techniques ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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