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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 11366-11367 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 12 (1992), S. 413-421 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Inevitable errors in X-probe measurement are investigated in simulated Gaussian velocity fields generated on a digital computer. Two types of X arrangement are studied: one is a conventional X-probe comprised of two inclined hot wires, and the other consists of inclined and normal hot wires (modified X-probe). The computer simulation results under typical wall-turbulence conditions indicate that the most significant factor producing measurement errors, in both high and low intensity turbulence, is the difference between the instantaneous velocities sensed by the two wires, associated with wire separation. In particular, the measurement accuracy of the modified X-probe depends greatly on the effect of wire separation, and at worst, data obtained with such a probe result in fallacious information. To confirm the error analysis, turbulent quantities in a pipe flow were measured using these X-probes. The experimental results are consistent with the results of the error analysis. Also, based on the present analysis, simple formulae have been developed to estimate inherent errors in X-probe measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The information of the wire response is necessary for the estimation of corrections and uncertainty of temperature measurements. This paper describes the theoretical response of cold-wire sensors to temperature fluctuations in a fluid flow. Existing transfer functions of cold wires are approximate and implicit functions of frequency. We present the exact solutions of heat conduction equations for a cold wire and stubs taking account of the prong effect. Because the solutions have simple forms of elementary functions, we can easily calculate the frequency response of cold wires. Sample calculations are given under several typical conditions. Also, the instantaneous temperature profiles of a cold wire are obtained for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 13 (1994), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: thyroid hormones in maturing gonads ; ovary ; testis ; thyroxin ; triiodothyronine ; teleost
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in gonadal and plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones were examined at various stages of maturation in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) caught in the Bering Sea and the Bay of Alaska. Plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4) were less than 5 ng ml−1, and those of 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyroxine (T3) were less than 2 ng ml−1 I in both males and females, regardless of the degree of sexual maturity or the gonadosomatic index (GSI). There was no clear relationships between circulating thyroid hormone levels and tissue levels. The ovarian T4 concentrations were undetectable (less than 0.2 ng g−1) or less than 2 ng g−1 when GSI was lower than 1%, but increased thereafter and reached a plateau of 8–10 ng g−1 when GSI became 2%. The ovarian T3 concentrations were about 5 ng g−1 when GSI was 1%, increased to a maximum level (20 ng g−1) when GSI was about 2%, and decreased to a constant level of 10 ng g−1 thereafter. The T4 and T3 content in single oocyte increased proportionally to the oocyte volume, indicating a constant incorporation of the hormones into the oocyte. The T4 concentrations in the testis were 1 ng g−1 or less regardless of the GS1. On the other hand, the T3 concentrations were highest (15 ng g−1) when the GSI was less than 1%, decreased thereafter when spermatocytes appeared in the testis, and became about 5 ng g−1 I in testes containing spermatozoa, raising the possibility of a role for T3 during early gamete and/or gonad maturation of testes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 268 (1990), S. 589-594 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Surfacefreeenergy ; Hamakerconstant ; wettingforce ; Wilhelmymethod ; contactangle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Wetting force at three-phase line was measured by the Wilhelmy technique using fibrous solids/liquid/liquid systems. Advancing and receding contact angles were calculated from the wetting forces during fiber immersion and emersion. The obtained results showed that contact angle hysteresis was due to the heterogeneity of the fiber surfaces. The dispersive and polar components of surface free energies of the fibers were determined from the advancing and receding contact angles, respectively. The Hamaker constants of the fibers were estimated from the dispersive components of their surface free energies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 270 (1992), S. 794-798 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Energy barrier ; particle detachment ; polyethylene ; quartz ; zeta potential ; electrokinetic phenomena
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The estimation of energy barrier to detachment of particles from a substrate was carried out. Detachment processes of 4 μm polyethylene particles from a quartz wall under the gravitational force in aqueous solutions were investigated by a direct observation technique. The magnitude of energy barriers was experimentally determined by the temperature dependence of the rate constant of detachment and was compared with that estimated theoretically from the superposition of electrostatic and London—van der Waals energies calculated using the experimental electrokinetic potentials and Hamaker constants, respectivley. Both were in fairly good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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