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Anti-Inflammatory Liver X Receptors and Related Molecules in Multiple Sclerosis Patients from Sardinia and Sweden (2004)

Huang, Y.-M. ; Liu, X. ; Steffensen, K. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.

Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3083

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: The nuclear receptor heterodimers of liver X receptors (LXRs) are recently identified as key transcriptional regulators of genes involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. LXRs and their ligands are negative regulators of macrophage inflammatory gene expression. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unknown cause, is characterized by recurrent inflammation involving macrophages and their inflammatory mediators. Sweden belongs to the countries with a high MS incidence. In Italy, incidence is lower, with an exception for Sardinia where the incidence is even higher than that in Sweden. Subjects from Sardinia are ethnically more homogeneous and differ from Swedes, also regarding genetic background and environment. We studied LXRs and their related molecules of blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) from female patients with untreated relapsing-remitting MS from Sassari, Sardinia and Stockholm, Sweden. Sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were from both areas. mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. LXR-α was lower (P 〈 0.05) in MS (mean ± SEM: 3.1 ± 0.2; n = 37) compared to HC (3.6 ± 0.1; n = 37). LXR-α was lower in MS from Stockholm (2.6 ± 0.2; n = 22) compared to corresponding HC (3.4 ± 0.1; n = 22; P 〈 0.01) and compared to MS (3.8 ± 0.2; n = 15; P 〈 0.001) and HC (4 ± 0.2; n = 15; P 〈 0.001) from Sardinia. MS patients from Stockholm, but not from Sassari, also expressed lower (P 〈 0.05) LXR-β (−4.1 ± 0.4) compared to corresponding HC (−2.9 ± 0.3). MS from Stockholm was associated with higher ABCA-1 (6.1 ± 0.4 versus 5.0 ± 0.3; P 〈 0.05) and higher estrogen receptor-β-Cx (2.4 ± 0.4 versus 0.8 ± 0.4; P 〈 0.01) compared to corresponding HC. The HC from Sassari had higher androgen receptor (2.9 ± 0.2) compared to MS from Sassari (1.4 ± 0.3; P 〈 0.01), MS (1.3 ± 0.4; P 〈 0.01) and HC from Stockholm (1.2 ± 0.3; P 〈 0.01). MS from Sassari had lower cyclooxygenase-1 compared to corresponding HC (5.1 ± 0.4 versus 6.6 ± 0.3; P 〈 0.01) and lower prostaglandin-E (−0.03 ± 0.5) compared to the HC (1.4 ± 0.5; P 〈 0.05) and MS (2.7 ± 0.4; P 〈 0.05) and HC from Stockholm (1.9 ± 0.4, P 〈 0.001). Our findings identify LXRs and their related molecules as being involved in MS from Stockholm but not from Sassari, while sex hormone receptors seem to be involved in MS in Sassari.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423d.x

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New neutron-rich isotopes of astatine and bismuth (1989)

Burke, D. G. ; Folger, H. ; Gabelmann, H. ; [et al.]

Springer

The European physical journal 333 (1989), S. 131-135

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ISSN: 1434-601X

Keywords: 23.90.+w ; 27.90.+b

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Physics

Notes: Abstract Neutron-rich isotopes of astatine have been produced through spallation reactions with 600 MeV protons on a232Th target and identified by spectroscopic techniques combined with one-line mass separation at the ISOLDE facility. The half-lives of218At and219At have been remeasured to be 1.5(3) s and 57(4) s, respectively. Four new isotopes of astatine,220−223At, have been observed for the first time, and their half-lives were found to be 3.73(13) min, 2.3(2) min, 54(10) s, and 50(7) s, respectively. Another nuclide,216Bi, has been observed for the first time as the daughter product of the220At alpha decay, and its half-life has been measured to be 6.6(21) min.