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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sterically Stabilized Colloidal Particles as Model Hard Spheres (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 10 (1994), S. 3550-3554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00022a030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passive mode locking of the continuous wave DCM dye laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The first passive mode locking of the continuous wave (cw) DCM dye laser is reported. Subpicosecond pulses as short as 0.68 ps were obtained over the spectral region from 655 to 673 nm from a simple linear cavity with no dispersion optimisation. The dye 1,3′ Diethyl 4,2′ quinolythiacarbocyanine iodide (DQTCI) was used as the saturable absorber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697528
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral and temporal investigations of nonlinearities in a non-polarization preserving single-mode optical fibre (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Intense green and red components generated in a non-polarization preserving optical fibre using a Q-switched and mode-locked cw Nd: YAG laser have been examined spectrally and temporally with picosecond resolution. In addition to the red (four-photon interaction) and green (second-harmonic) components, many other frequency mixing processes were detected. From theoretical considerations, the red component (anti-Stokes) which is generated through parametric four photon mixing should be in the same propagation mode as the Stokes component (ir) and this was confirmed experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A superposed epoch analysis of geomagnetic storms (1994)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 12 (1994), S. 612-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A superposed epoch analysis of geomagnetic storms has been undertaken. The storms are categorised via their intensity (as defined by the Dst index). Storms have also been classified here as either storm sudden commencements (SSCs) or storm gradual commencements (SGCs, that is all storms which did not begin with a sudden commencement). The prevailing solar wind conditions defined by the parameters solar wind speed (vsw), density (〈rho〉sw) and pressure (Psw) and the total field and the components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during the storms in each category have been investigated by a superposed epoch analysis. The southward component of the IMF, appears to be the controlling parameter for the generation of small SGCs (-100 nT〈 minimum Dst\leq-50 nT for\geq4 h), but for SSCs of the same intensity solar wind pressure is dominant. However, for large SSCs (minimum Dst\leq-100 nT for \geq4 h) the solar wind speed is the controlling parameter. It is also demonstrated that for larger storms magnetic activity is not solely driven by the accumulation of substorm activity, but substantial energy is directly input via the dayside. Furthermore, there is evidence that SSCs are caused by the passage of a coronal mass ejection, whereas SGCs result from the passage of a high speed/ slow speed coronal stream interface. Storms are also grouped by the sign of Bz during the first hour epoch after the onset. The sign of Bz at t=+1 h is the dominant sign of the Bz for \sim24 h before the onset. The total energy released during storms for which Bz was initially positive is, however, of the same order as for storms where Bz was initially negative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0612-4
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionospheric convection during the magnetic storm of 20–21 March 1990 (1994)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 12 (1994), S. 1174-1191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on the response of high-latitude ionospheric convection during the magnetic storm of March 20–21 1990. IMP-8 measurements of solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), ionospheric convection flow measurements from the Wick and Goose Bay coherent radars, EISCAT, Millstone Hill and Sondrestrom incoherent radars and three digisondes at Millstone Hill, Goose Bay and Qaanaaq are presented. Two intervals of particular interest have been identified. The first starts with a storm sudden commencement at 2243 UT on March 20 and includes the ionospheric activity in the following 7 h. The response time of the ionospheric convection to the southward turning of the IMF in the dusk to midnight local times is found to be approximately half that measured in a similar study at comparable local times during more normal solar wind conditions. Furthermore, this response time is the same as those previously measured on the dayside. An investigation of the expansion of the polar cap during a substorm growth phase based on Faraday’s law suggests that the expansion of the polar cap was nonuniform. A subsequent reconfiguration of the nightside convection pattern was also observed, although it was not possible to distinguish between effects due to possible changes in By and effects due to substorm activity. The second interval, 1200–2100 UT 21 March 1990, included a southward turning of the IMF which resulted in the Bz component becoming -10 nT. The response time on the dayside to this change in the IMF at the magnetopause was approximately 15 min to 30 min which is a factor of \sim2 greater than those previously measured at higher latitudes. A movement of the nightside flow reversal, possibly driven by current systems associated with the substorm expansion phases, was observed, implying that the nightside convection pattern can be dominated by substorm activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-1174-1
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synchronously operated streak camera driven by a GaAs photoconductive device (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2459-2461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Excited by the frequency doubled optically compressed 10-ps pulses from a cw mode-locked Nd:YAG laser, the amplified output from a GaAs photoconductive device was used to drive a synchronously operated Photochron IIA streak camera at 300-MHz sweep rates. A temporal jitter of ±6 ps was measured which was limited by the driving laser pulse width and amplitude stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139093
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of fetal substantia nigra to striatum reverses behavioral deficits induced by MPTP in primates: a comparison with other types of grafts as controls (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 85 (1991), S. 335-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: MPTP ; Graft ; Behavior ; Parkinson's disease ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal substantia nigra (SN) cells were transplanted into the caudate nucleus (CN) of four vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) that had been treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP treatment appears to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Normal and parkinsonian behaviors were quantitated by trained observers 5 days/week. Twenty-eight behaviors based on previous factor analyses were individually scored and rated. Parkinsonian signs included freezing, head and limb tremor, difficulty in eating, delayed initiation of movement, poverty of movement, tremor that stopped with intention, decreased response to threats, and lying immobile in the cage. These signs were combined to give an overall rating of parkinsonism. A summary measure of ‘normal’ healthy behavior was also examined, including such behaviors as yawning, scratching, self-grooming, shifting, and eating. Overall ratings of parkinsonism increased and those of healthy behavior decreased after MPTP. In the 4 monkeys grafted with fetal SN cells into the CN, behavior returned to pre-treatment levels by the time of sacrifice (2, 5, or 7.5 months after grafting). Three control subjects were transplanted with either SN cells into an inappropriate brain site (cortex) or inappropriate, non-dopaminergic, cells (cerebellar) into the CN. Subjects were also compared with three control animals that did not receive MPTP but received cryopreserved or fresh SN and other cells into the CN. Only MPTP-treated subjects that received SN cells into the CN showed evidence of a reversal of the MPTP syndrome after transplantation. In addition, grafting in animals that were not MPTP-treated did not appear to affect behavior. This paper reports the specific behavioral effects of severe MPTP toxicity that were or were not reversed after transplantation and suggests that only fetal SN cells grafted into the CN may be able to reverse behavioral deficits in MPTP-treated monkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229411
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonidine infusions into the locus coeruleus attenuate behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 121-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Clonidine ; Locus coeruleus ; Intracerebral infusion ; Withdrawal ; Naloxone ; Morphine ; 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, suppresses signs of opiate withdrawal in animals and in man. Electrical or chemical stimulation of the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) increases noradrenergic activity and brain concentration of the noradrenergic metabolite MHPG, and produces many signs of opiate withdrawal. Thus, clonidine's ability to attenuate withdrawal might be due to the reduction of noradrenergic neuronal activity originating in the LC, but additional alpha-2-adrenergic receptors throughout the body and other mechanisms may also play a role. The present study explored the neuroanatomical and pharmacological selectivity of alpha-2-adrenergic receptors of the LC in the anti-withdrawal action of clonidine. Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that behavioral and biochemical measures of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from morphine would be blocked by infusions of clonidine (0.6 or 2.4 μg/μl) into the LC. Significant reductions were observed in the occurrence of diarrhea, ptosis, weight loss and wet-dog shakes. Clonidine also reversed the naloxone-precipitated increase in hippocampus MHPG concentration. In experiment 2 subjects received an LC infusion or IP injection of a non-lipophilic alpha-2-agonist (ST-91), which does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, or of clonidine into the dorsal parabrachial nucleus (DPB) to test the selectivity of the effects of clonidine infusions into the LC. ST-91 infusions into the LC reduced several of the observed withdrawal signs and increased others (e.g., jumping). Although peripheral injections of ST-91 attenuated some of the checked signs associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, the frequency of wet-dog shakes was not reduced. ST-91 infusions into the LC, but not systemic ST-91 administration, prevented the withdrawal-induced increase in hippocampus MHPG concentration. Clonidine infused lateral to the LC into the DPB did not significantly attenuate withdrawal or reduce hippocampus MHPG levels. These results provide behavioral and biochemical evidence to support the suggestion that clonidine significantly attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal through an interaction with noradrenergic neurons located in the vicinity of the LC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431544
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lumbar facet joint fat pads: their normal anatomy and their appearance when enlarged (1991)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 38-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Facet joints ; Lumbar spine ; Joint inclusions ; Fat pads
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The polar recesses, superior and inferior to lumbar facet joints, are filled by fat pads from which fatfilled synovial folds project between the articular surfaces for a distance of two to four millimetres. The intracapsular superior recess lies between the ligamentum flavum and the lamina above. The extracapsular inferior recess lies on the back of the lamina below and communicates with the joint through a hole in the inferior capsule. The intracapsular folds move freely in and out of the joint during movements. These features are demonstrated in anatomic studies using transverse sections and radiologic studies using computed tomography. In about 4% of lumbar spines examined, the intraarticular fat pads are enlarged and extend from the joint recess(es) into the middle third of one or more facet joints. The fat pads can be identified in CT scans by their radiolucency and distinguished from vacuum phenomenon by measuring their attenuation values. The cause of the intra-articular enlargement of the fat pads is unknown, but it is suggested that their extension into the middle third of the joint may be secondary to degenerative change in the motion segment with capsular laxity in the affected joint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593331
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yohimbine co-treatment during chronic morphine administration attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal without diminishing tail-flick analgesia in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 103 (1991), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Yohimbine ; Morphine ; Naloxone ; Withdrawal ; Tail flick latency ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Noradrenergic neuronal hyperactivity following chronic morphine administration has been postulated to cause withdrawal signs and symptoms. Suppression of this hyperactivity, for example, by clonidine attenuates withdrawal. It might follow, therefore, that the prevention of suppression of noradrenergic systems during chronic morphine administration might diminish hyperactivity and prevent withdrawal. If the normalization of noradrenergic activity during opioid administration did not also suppress analgesia, it might be of medical and theoretical interest. To test this hypothesis, we gave the alpha-2-antagonist yohimbine to rats in order to increase noradrenergic activity during morphine treatment and then subsequently precipitated morphine withdrawal with naloxone. Six groups were examined: saline controls (N=11), morphine (N=11), morphine + 2.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=15), morphine + 3.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=5), 2.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=11) and 3.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=5). Subjects received 75 mg morphine pellets implanted on day 1,4 and 6 of the treatment or sham implantation. Yohimbine was delivered throughout the morphine treatment by subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps. On day 7, all subjects were given 1.0 mg/kg naloxone and rated for behavioral signs of withdrawal. Analgesia was measured by observing tail flick latencies (TFL) before and after chronic drug treatments. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal was characterized by irritability, ptosis, penile erection, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, abnormal posture, wetdog shakes, jumping, and teeth chattering, none of which were observed in groups receiving only saline or yohimbine. Withdrawal behavior was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner when yohimbine was administered during morphine treatment but analgesia was not attenuated. It appears that yohimbine-induced antagonism of alpha-2-adrenergic receptors diminishes the development of the potential for adrenergic hyperactivity and morphine withdrawal without reducing opioid analgesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244297
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