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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical and biochemical characterization of the contraction elicited by a calcium-independent myosin light chain kinase in chemically skinned smooth muscle (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1002-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; calcium ; myosin light chain kinase ; regulation of contraction ; ATPase ; mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The contraction induced by a Ca2+-independent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK-) was characterized in terms of isometric force (Fo), immediate elastic recoil (SE), unloaded shortening velocity (Vus), shortening under a constant load and ATPase activity of chemically skinned smooth muscle preparations. These parameters were compared to those measured in a Ca2+-induced contraction to assess the nature of cross bridge interaction in the MLCK-induced contraction. Fo developed in chicken gizzard fibers as well as SE were similar in contractions elicited by either agent. Vus in the contraction induced by MLCK-(0.36 mg/ml) was similar though averaged 39.3±8.9% less than Vus induced by Ca2+ (1.6x10−6M) in the control fibers. Addition of Ca2+ (1.6x10−6M) to a contraction induced by MLCK-resulted in small increases in both Fo and Vus. Shortening under a constant load was similar for both types of contractions. The contraction induced by MLCK-was accompanied by an increased rate of ATP hydrolysis. The MLCK-induced contraction is thus kinetically similar though not identical to a contraction induced by Ca2+. We conclude that with respect to actin-myosin interaction, MLCK- and Ca2+-induced contractions are similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952121
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of moisture on soil microorganisms and nematodes: A field experiment (1986)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 12 (1986), S. 217-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of soil moisture changes on bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes and changes in oxygen consumption were studied in a field experiment. In one plot the soil was drip-irrigated daily for 10 days, while an adjacent plot experienced one rainfall and was then allowed to dry out. Oxygen consumption was the parameter measured which responded most rapidly to changes in soil moisture content. Lengths of fluorescein diacetate-active hyphae paralleled oxygen consumption in both plots. Total hyphal length was not affected by one rainfall but increased from 700 mg−1 dry weight soil to more than 1,600 m in less than 10 days in the irrigated plot. In the rain plot, bacterial numbers doubled within 3 days and declined during the following period of drought. In the irrigated plot, numbers increased by 50% and then remained constant over the duration of the study. Only small changes in protozoan numbers were observed, with the exception of the last sampling date in the irrigated plot when large numbers of naked amoebae were recorded 2 days after a large natural rainfall. Nematode numbers, especially obligate root feeders, increased in both treatments. The increases were caused by decoiling rather than growth. The results indicate that fungal respiration was dominating, while bacteria, lacking a suitable source of energy, were less active, except for the first days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02011206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon and nitrogen budgets of nematodes in arable soil (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Barley ; Grass ; Lucerne ; Soil nematodes ; Biomass ; Respiration ; Feeding groups ; Nutrient cycling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The amounts of C and N that pass through the nematode biomass in four cropping systems, barley without and with N fertilization, grass ley and lucerne, has been estimated. The nematodes were sampled at the field site of a Swedish integrated research project “Ecology of Arable Land: The Role of Organisms in Nitrogen Cycling”. The nematode biomass was lower (200 mg dry weight m−2) in the annual (barley) than in the perennial (grass and lucerne, 350 mg dry weight m−2) crops. For respiration, the nematodes used 4–71 O2m−2 year−1 corresponding to C liberation of 1.3%–2.0% of the carbon input to the soil. A higher relative contribution by bacterial-feeding nematodes to the C and N fluxes and a higher turnover rate of the nematode biomass is an indication of more rapid nutrient circulation in the annual than in the perennial cropping systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257912
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential for higher rates of denitrification in earthworm casts than in the surrounding soil (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 147-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Denitrification ; N2O ; Earthworm casts ; Respiration ; Lumbricus terrestris ; Medicago sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) were cultured in the laboratory and fed on lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Denitrification rates in the surface casts and the surrounding soil were quantified using C2H2-inhibition of nitrous oxide reductase. The investigation also included determination of the N2O-formation by nitrification as well as CO2-formation as a measure of respiration. The denitrification rates of wet earthworm casts were found to be significantly higher than those occurring in wet samples from the soil. The low N2O-formation observed seemed to be due to denitrification. Respiration was higher in casts, indicating higher oxygen demand which resulted in more anaerobic conditions. The energy supply was probably better in casts compared with the surrounding soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257593
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibrinopeptide A and fibrinogenfragment B β 15–42 and their relation to the operative trauma and post-operative thromboembolism in neurosurgical patients (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 88 (1987), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Post operative thromboembolism ; fibrinopeptide A ; fibrinogenfragment Bβ 15–42 ; malignant cerebral tumours ; intracranial vascular disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an earlier study on post-operative thromboembolism in neurosurgery the incidence of deep vein thromboses (DVT) diagnosed by the fibrinogen uptake test and phlebography was reduced to the same extent by two different prophylactic methods (low dose heparin or calf muscle stimulation + dextran). However, patients with lower limb paresis due to a brain lesion experienced relatively often a less successful prophylaxis compared to patients with spinal lesions. There are few reports on successful clinical methods for haematological screening of post-operative DVT. The aim of this study was to examine possible haematological indicators for postoperative thromboembolism and secondarily to elucidate whether there exist some special coagulatory or fibrinolytic characteristics in patients who had been operated upon for brain lesions. We have studied two specific coagulatory factors (FPA reflecting thrombin generation and Bβ 15–42 reflecting plasmin activity) in connection with neurosurgical operations. Patients in the above-mentioned study on post-operative DVT operated upon for malignant cerebral tumours or intracranial vascular disease exhibited postoperatively higher values for FPA compared to other neurosurgical diagnoses. B β 15–42 was higher in the malignant tumour group and almost significantly higher in the intracranial vascular group (p〈0.065). These differences could not be ascribed to the occurrence of DVT. Another 15 patients divided into a minor and a major lesion group were investigated with determination of both parameters pre- and post-operatively. Concerning FPA an increase was noticed post-operatively compared to pre-operatively in the major lesion group. B β 15–42 was higher post-operatively in this group compared to the minor lesion group. The results indicate a hyperactivity of the coagulatory system in patients with surgically treated brain parenchyma lesions. These patients are prone to develop post-operative DVT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400515
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-operative thromboembolism in neurosurgery (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 80 (1986), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Thromboembolism ; prophylaxis ; heparin, calf muscle stimulation ; dextran ; fibrinogen uptake test (FUT) ; phlebography ; neurosurgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study compares the safety and effectiveness of two methods for the prophylaxis of post-operative thromboembolism in neurosurgical patients: A: low-dose heparin (5,000 IU×2 s.c.) started preoperatively and continued daily for one week post-operatively, and B: per-operative electrical calf muscle stimulation with groups of impulses plus post-operative dextran infusions every other day for one week. Neurosurgical patients aged 40 years or more with normal laboratory coagulation values and operated under general anaesthesia were included. The 125:I-fibrinogen uptake test (FUT) was used for screening and phlebography for verification of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). 122 patients entered the study and 104 completed the prophylactic protocol, 58 in group A and 46 in group B. The two groups were comparable according to pre-operative data and distribution of diagnoses. 89 patients completed screening for post-operative DVT. We found an overall incidence of 5/49 (10 percent) DVT in group A and 5/40 (13 percent) in group B, compared to a frequency of 32–50 percent for controls without prophylaxis reported in the literature6, 16, 18. In spite of prophylaxis our patients with intracranial neoplasms and intracranial vascular disease showed a relatively higher incidence of DVT, 4/23 (17 percent) and 4/14 (29 percent) respectively, compared to patients with spinal diagnoses 2/25 (8 percent). In combination with cranial diagnoses paretic lower limbs meant an apparent risk factor, 4/7 (57 percent). However, paretic limbs appearing in cases with spinal disorders did not predetermine an unsuccessful prophylaxis, 2/14 (14 percent). Blood loss, transfusion requirements and post-operative complications did not differ significantly between the two prophylactic groups. It is concluded that both methods reduce the incidence of post-operative DVT in neurosurgical practice and that they can be used with safety. However, the basic mechanisms behind thromboembolism following parenchymatous brain lesions ought to be studied further to enable a better understanding of the thromboembolic complications and further improvement of the prophylaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01812279
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large Alterations in Ganglioside and Neutral Glycosphingolipid Patterns in Brains from Cases with Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis/Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Lipidosis (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 49 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lipid composition was studied on cerebral tissue from nine children who had died of a progressive encepha-lopathy called the infantile form of neuronal ceroid lipofus-cinosis (INCL) or polyunsaturated fatty acid lipidosis (PFAL). In the terminal stage of the disease, the concentrations of all lipid classes were found to be significantly reduced in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex and white matter. The concentration of gangliosides of the cerebral cortex was 15% and that of cerebrosides (galactosylceramide) in white matter 0.2–5% of the normal values for the children's ages. The reduction of gangliosides mainly affected those of the gangliotetraose series, particularly GDI a. The fatty acids of the linolenic acid series were strongly reduced in ethanolamine and serine phosphoglycerides. A very large increase up to 100-fold of oligoglycosphingolipids of the globo series and two fucose-containing lipids of the neo-lacto series was found in the forebrain of the three advanced cases examined. The brain tissue also contained very high concentrations of mono-, d -, and trisialogangliosides of the lacto and neolacto series, gangliosides with type 1 chain, dominating. The structures of the gangliosides were tentatively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and monoclonal antibodies with carefully determined epitope specificity. The gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids had very similar fatty acid composition, consisting of about 40% stearic acid and 40% C24-acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb02435.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved sampling of soft bottom sediments by combined box and piston coring (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Field tests demonstrate that sampling of soft bottom sediments can be significantly improved by combined box coring and shipboard sampling using hand-operated piston coring. A convenient piston equipment devised for such subsampling is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1987.tb00797.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal dynamics of a cyanobacteria-dominated microbial community in surface sediments of a shallow, eutrophic lake (1989)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 51 (1989), S. 153-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: sediments ; cyanobacteria ; Microcystis ; bacterial biomass ; bacterial production ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal variation of microbial biomass and activity in the surface sediments (0–10 cm) of the shallow, eutrophic Lake Vallentunasjön was followed during one year. “Overwintering”Microcystis colonies dominated the microbial community during all seasons, constituting 60–90% of the total microbial biomass. Expressed on an areal basis, the benthic biomass was, throughout the year, larger than or similar to the planktonic biomass during the peak of the summer bloom, indicating an ability of the colonies to survive in the sediments for extended periods. Abundance of “other”, non-photosynthetic bacteria varied in the range 3.0–15.5 · 1010 cells g−1 d. w. over the year with minimum values in summer and maximum values in autumn in connection with the sedimentation of theMicrocystis bloom. A substantial part of the non-photosynthetic bacteria, up to circa 40%, was associated with the mucilage of healthyMicrocystis colonies. Bacterial production (3H-thymidine incorporation) appeared to be strongly temperature dependent and less influenced by the seasonal sedimentation pattern. Our data indicate an increasing proportion of non-growing cells in autumn and winter. Biomass-bound phosphorus constituted a significant portion, circa 10%, of the phosphorus content in Lake Vallentunasjön sediments. This pool has normally been overlooked in studies on phosphorus dynamics in lake sediments. Different mechanisms whereby organic phosphorus can be released from the sediments are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879300
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new terrestrial nematode species (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) from spitzbergen (1987)
    Springer
    Polar biology 7 (1987), S. 375-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A new species of the soil nematode genus Cervidellus Thorne, 1937 sensu Andrássy, 1984, C. spitzbergensis sp. nov. is described from light and scanning electron microscope studies. The new species differs from all other known species of Cervidellus by the shape of the labial probolae (doubly bifurcate and outwardly projecting basal tines), the coarsely annulated cuticle (annules 2–3 μm wide), and the prominent lateral field that expands around the phasmid and extends almost to tail terminus. The diagnostic value of longitudinal striations in the cuticle of cephalobids and the status of the genera Cervidellus and Stegelletina Andrássy, 1984 are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293227
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