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  • 1985-1989  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of hydrophilic monomers onto poly(4-methylpentene-1), IIPart I, cf. lit.1.. Grafting of long chain monomers and physical properties of the grafted films (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 152 (1987), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die strahleninduzierte Pfropfung von 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat (HEMA) und Methoxytetraethylenglycolmethacrylat (M4G) auf Poly(4-methylpenten-1) (TPX) wurde untersucht. Die Pfropfungsgrade erhöhten sich mit zunehmender Vorbestrahlungsdosis, Pfropfungstemperatur und Monomerkonzentration. Die Pfropfungsgeschwindigkeit ist abhängig von der Kettenlänge der Monomeren; sie nimmt mit wachsender Kettenlänge ab. Bei Bestrahlen der Filme mit Elektronenstrahlen anstelle von γ-Strahlen waren die Pfropfungsgrade höher. Die Zugfestigkeit der gepfropften Filme im trockenen Zustand stieg mit zunehmendem Pfropfungsgrad an, während die Bruchdehnung abnahm. Dagegen nahmen die Zugfestigkeit und die Bruchdehnung im nassen Zustand mit wachsendem Pfropfungsgrad ab, da Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zwischen den aufgepfropften Ketten durch die Wasseraufnahme der Filme fehlten.
    Notes: Radiation grafting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methoxytetraethyleneglycol methacrylate (M4G) on low crystallinity poly(4-methylpentene-1) (TPX) has been investigated. Grafting yield increased with increasing pre-irradiation dose, grafting temperature, and monomer concentration. Grafting rate depends on length of molecular chain in the monomers and decreases with increasing chain length. The grafting yields of electron beam irradiated samples were higher than those of γ-irradiated ones because of higher radical concentration. Tensile strength of the grafted film in the dried state increased and the elongation at break decreased with increasing degree of grafting. On the other hand, in the wet state, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing the degree of grafting due to the lack of hydrogen bonds between the grafted chains caused by increased water absorption.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051520114
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durability of radiation sterilized polymers, V. Depression of molecular weight and melting point by oxidation (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 143 (1986), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Molekulargewicht und Schmelzpunkt von durch Bestrahlung sterilisiertem Polypropylen wurden untersucht. Bestrahlung von Polypropylen mit einer Dosis von 2,5 Mrad reduzierte das Molekulargewicht um ein Drittel, wobei die Abnahme des Molekulargewichts bei Bestrahlung im Vakuum viel kleiner war als bei Bestrahlung in Luft. Der Schmelzpunkt wurde mit zunehmender Dosis zu niedrigeren Temperaturen verschoben. Dies stimmt mit der Abnahme des Molekulargewichts gut überein. Im Differentialkalorimeterdiagramm erschien bei niedrigerer Temperatur ein neuer Peak, dessen Intensität sich mit zunehmender Dosis erhöhte. Bestrahltes Copolypropylen, das einen niedrigeren Kristallinitätsgrad als bestrahltes Homopolypropylen hatte, war im Vergleich zu diesem stabiler in den mechanischen Eigenschaften, jedoch wurden sowohl im Copolypropylen als auch im Homopolypropylen durch die Bestrahlung Bindungen gespalten. Hieraus wurde gefolgert, daß das Verhältnis von amorphen zu kristallinen Bereichen in den Polymeren einen großen Einfluß auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von bestrahltem Polypropylen hat.
    Notes: Molecular weight and melting point of polypropylene degraded by irradiation sterilization were measured. The sterilization of polypropylene with a dose of 2.5 Mrad reduces its molecular weight by one third. The decrease in molecular weight of the polypropylene irradiated in vacuum was far smaller than that for samples irradiated in air. The melting point was shifted to lower temperatures with increasing dose. This corresponds well to the decrease in molecular weight. For irradiated copolypropylene, a new peak appeared in the differential scanning calorimetry diagram at a lower temperature and its intensity increased with the dose. Copolypropylene, the crystallinity of which is lower than that of homopolypropylene, was more stable in the mechanical properties compared to irradiated homopolypropylene. However, scission by irradiation occurred in copolypropylene as well as in homopolypropylene. Thus, it was concluded that the ratio of amorphous and crystalline parts in the polymer has an important influence on mechanical properties of irradiated polypropylene.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1986.051430107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of hydrophilic elastomers by radiation grafting (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 152 (1987), S. 149-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die strahleninduzierte Pfropfung von Acrylsäure auf Ethylen-Propylen-Kautschuk (EPR) wurde untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Pfropfungsgrade bei Zugabe von Alkohol (Methanol und Isopropanol) abnahmen und die Bildung der Homopolymeren verzögert wurde. Bei Zugabe von Alkohol fand Pfropfung auch im Innern des Filmes statt. Die Pfropfungsgeschwindigkeit war sehr stark vom Propylengehalt im EPR abhängig. Die Pfropfungspolymerisation fand bei kleinen Propylengehalten, z. B. bei 22%, leichter statt. Die Stabilität der Radikale mit niedrigeren Propylengehalten war höher als die der anderen. Die Wasseraufnahme der gepfropften Filme stiegen linear mit dem Pfropfungsgrad an.
    Notes: Radiation grafting of acrylic acid (AAc) onto ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) to obtain hydrophilic elastomers has been investigated. It was found that by addition of alcohol (methanol and 1-propanol) into water as solvent for grafting the degree of grafting increased and formation of homopolymer was retarded. The grafting by addition of alcohol occurred even in deeper portions of the film compared with no addition of alcohol. Grafting rate differed largely with propylene contents in the EPR. Graft polymerization occurred easily in EPR of lower propylene contents such as 22%. Before introducing AAc in grafting the stability of EPR radicals of lower propylene contents was higher in comparison with other components. Water absorption of EPR increased linearly with increasing grafting yield.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051520113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluoroethylenesulfonyl fluoride onto low-density polyethylene film by simultaneous irradiation method. I. Kinetic study of simultaneous-irradiation grafting (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: α,β,β-Trifluoroethylenesulfonyl fluoride (TFESF) was grafted onto polyethylene (PE) film by a simultaneous-irradiation method. The influences of the grafting conditions were analyzed kinetically. The dependencies of the grafting rate on the dose rates and monomer concentrations ranging from 10 to 75% were found to be of 1 and 0 order, respectively. The overall activation energy for the graft polymerization was 2.05 × 104 J/mol. The grafting rate was found to be independent of the film thicknesses ranging from 25 to 100 μm.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durability of radiation-sterilized polymers. VI. Irradiation effect of thermal quenching polymer (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 5669-5671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320635
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene onto various polymer films by preirradiation method (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 2165-2168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370808
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene onto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) film by preirradiation method. II. Properties of cation-exchange membrane obtained by sulfonation and hydrolysis of the grafted film (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 2091-2101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A Study was made on certain properties of the cation-exchange membranes obtained by the preirradiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene (TFS) noto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), followed by sulfonation and hydrolysis of the grafted film. Swelling, water uptake, electric conductivity, and transport number of the membranes were measured as a function of ino-exchange capacity. Thermal and chemical stability were also investigated. These properties were found to be mainly dependent on ion-exchange capacity. The stable membrane properties were established due to a homogeneous ion-exchange group distribution in the membrane, as confirmed by x-ray imcroscopy analysis of the membrane cross sections. In addition, the membranes showed good electrochemical, thermal, and chemical properties, and were found to be scceptable for practical use as cation-exchange membranes.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070381111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluoroethylenesulfonyl fluoride onto low-density polyethylene film by simultaneous irradiation method. II. Properties of the grafted membrane (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Certain properties of the membranes obtained by simultaneous-irradiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluoroethylenesulfonyl fluoride (TFESF) onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were studied. Swelling, water uptake, electric conductivity, and transport number of the grafted membrane were measured, moreover, thermal and chemical stability were investigated. These properties were found to be mainly dependent on the degree of grafting. The electric conductivity and swelling of the membrane at less than ca. 25% grafting were found to be very low because the distribution of ion-exchange groups is heterogeneous as revealed by X-ray microscopy of the grafted films. At more than 25% grafting, the membranes showed good electrochemical and thermal properties, acceptable for the practical use as cation exchange membranes.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene onto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) film by preirradiation method. I. Effects of preirradiation dose, monomer concentration, reaction temperature, and film thickness (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 2817-2826 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Preirradiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene onto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) film was studied. The trapped radicals formed upon irradiation were able to induce graft polymerization under appropriate conditions. The influences of the grafting conditions were analyzed kinetically. The grafting rate dependency on the preirradiation dose was found to be of order 0.3, and the monomer concentrations, 1.0. The overall activation energies for this grafting were calculated to be 6.2 × 104 and 9.3 × 103 J/mol below and above 50°C. The grafting rate was found to be independent of the film thickness, which ranged from 25 to 100 μm.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070371003
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