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  • 1
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pulses of 193 nm radiation from an ArF laser with energies exceeding 0.5 J/cm2 have been shown to modify 40–60 nm thick layers of {100} and {110} oriented diamond surfaces. These layers exhibit highly anisotropic electrical and optical properties which have principal in-plane axes along the 〈110〉 directions. The minimum resistance is (4–10)×10−4 Ω cm, and minimum in the optical transmittance and maximum in the reflectance occur when the electric field vector of the incident polarized light is aligned along the low resistance direction. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that the modified layer primarily consists of unidentified graphite-like carbon phases embedded in diamond. The first-order electron diffraction spots correspond to lattice spacings of 0.123, 0.305, and 0.334 nm. The modified layer is stable at 1800 °C, forms ohmic contacts to type IIb diamond, and supports epitaxial diamond growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 1631-1633 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The deposition of SnO2 films has been demonstrated using an ArF (193 nm) excimer laser to drive the photochemical reactions of mixed SnCl4 and N2 O vapors. Without any annealing, films 100 nm thick grown on room-temperature substrates have resistivities as low as 0.04 Ω cm. The optical band gap of 3.20 eV and transmission cutoff wavelength of 330 nm compare favorably with the best films obtained using alternate higher temperature techniques. Subsequent annealing does not increase the film's conductivity. Selective area growth of 10-μm-wide lines has been performed using proximity printing. The maximum temperature excursion during the laser pulse is estimated to be 300–400 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 91-93 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 369 (1986), S. 411-414 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Splenectomy ; Expert opinion ; Splenektomie ; Begutachtung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Begutachtung nach Milzverlust: 1. Bei Milzverlust nach Trauma besteht ein 60fach höheres Infektionsrisiko. 2. Die Sepsisincidenz beträgt 1,05%, die Mortalität 0,5%. 3. Milzerhaltende Operationen sichern die Immunkompetenz nur bei mindestens 30 % erhaltener Milzmasse. 4. Die MdE beträgt im 1. Jahr nach Splenektomie 30%. später 10% bei zusätzlichen Komnlikatinnen
    Notes: Summary Expert opinion after splenectomy: 1) In splenectomized patients after trauma the risk of infection is up to 60 times increased. 2) The incidence of sepsis amounts to 1.05, mortality to 0.5%. 3) Spleen-preserving surgery guarantees an immunocompetence only if at least 30 % of the spleen is preserved. 4) The professional performance of people having undergone splenectomy is restricted by 30% during the first year (“MdE” of 30%), later by 10% if additional complications occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 371 (1987), S. 71-84 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Aortic rupture ; Ischaemic paraplegia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die traumatische Ruptur der thorakalen Aorta kommt in erster Linie durch Decelerationstraumata im Straßenverkehr, bevorzugt bei Autoinsassen zur Beobachtung. Rund 80% der Betroffenen sterben akut an der Unfallstelle. Bei 29 Verletzten (1973–1986), die noch lebend in klinische Behandlung kamen, war regelmäßig der Aortenisthmus betroffen, 28mal in Form einer gedeckten Ruptur; nur einmal lag eine freie Ruptur in die linke Pleurahöhle vor. 25 (85%) der Verletzten waren Polytraumatisierte mit gravierenden Begleitverletzungen des Schädels, der übrigen Thoraxorgane, des Abdomens und der Extremitäten. Ein Sitzgurt bot keinen Schutz vor der Decelerationsverletzung der Aorta: Er reduzierte aber vor allem begleitende Kopf- und Bauchverletzungen. 2. Das seither gültige Postulat, jede nachgewiesene traumatische Aortenruptur unmittelbar nach Diagnosestellung sofort chirurgisch zu korrigieren, ist heute als überholt anzusehen: Ergibt sich arteriographisch und klinisch der Befund einer gedeckten Aortenruptur, so ist vor allem beim Polytraumatisierten die Korrektur der Aortenläsion mit aufgeschobener Dringlichkeit, d. h. in einem Zeitabstand von etlichen Stunden bis zu einigen Tagen, das überlegene Behandlungsprinzip. Bei einem expektativen Vorgehen mit primärer Schockbehandlung unter intensivmedizinischer Überwachung und in Operationsbereitschaft ist es bei keinem dieser Patienten (n = 12) zu einer sekundären freien Aortenruptur gekommen. Dieses Risiko ist seither weit überschätzt worden. Gelingt es, die Kreislaufverhältnisse evtl. durch vorausgehende operative Ausschaltung anderer Blutungsquellen (Milz, Leber, Gliedmaßenarterien) zu stabilisieren, so läßt sich die Operationsletalität und das Paraplegierisiko der nachfolgenden Versorgung der Aortenverletzung drastisch reduzieren, nämlich auf 25% bzw. unter 10%. 3. Die Sofortversorgung der Aortenruptur mit ihrer unvergleichbar höheren Operationsletalität (47%) und extrem hohen Paraplegierate (35%) kann aus heutiger Sicht auf wenige Ausnahmefälle beschränkt werden, bei denen die Aortenverletzung den Hauptblutungsherd darstellt (freie Ruptur). Als Methode der Wahl ist das Clamp-repair-Prinzip mit direkter Gefäßnaht evtl. nach vorheriger Mobilisation des Aortenbogens anzusehen. Die transvenöse DSA leistet heute in jedem Verdachtsfalle einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Frühdiagnose und zur indikatorischen Entscheidung über das chirurgische Vorgehen (Gefäßrekonstruktion mit aufgeschobener Dringlichkeit oder als Sofortmaßnahme).
    Notes: Summary 1) Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta is most frequently caused by a traffic accident with deceleration. Approximately 80% of these patients die immediately. In 29 patients (1973–1986) reaching surgical treatment, all aortic lesions were located at the aortic isthmus (28 covered and 1 free rupture). 25 (86%) of them had serious associated injuries of the head, other thoracic or intraabdominal organs and/or the extremities. A seat belt could not prevent the deceleration injury of the aorta but reduced associated injuries of the head and the intraabdominal organs. 2) The widely accepted surgical rule that every diagnosed traumatic aortic rupture should have an immediate surgical repair is no longer acceptable. In all patients with a clinically and angiographically stable covered rupture of the aorta with serious associated injuries and symptoms of shock the surgical treatment of the aortic lesion should be untertaken with delayed emergency after some hours or several days. This changed surgical concept is based both on the rarity of secondary free rupture of the aortic lesion and on the chance to stabilize the circulatory condition by a primary shock treatment including the surgical elimination of other sources of blood loss. The group with such a delayed aortic vascular repair (n = 12) showed a remarkably improved outcome with reduced operative mortality and reduced risk of paraplegia (47% vs. 25% respectively 35% vs. ca. 10%). None of these patients with a delay up to 17 days for vascular repair developed a secondary free aortic rupture. Up to recently this risk has been obviously overestimated on the basis of earlier studies in the sixties. 3) The immediate repair of the aortic rupture with its high operative mortality and high rate of ischemic paraplegia can be restricted to a few exceptional cases with a secondary free rupture in the hospital. The transvenous DSA is the best approach for an early diagnosis and for the surgical decision to perform vascular repair immediately or with delay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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