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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Ipomoea batatas ; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus uptake ; Single superphosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Mycorrhizal infection in the roots of 10 sweet potato cultivars was assessed 7 weeks after planting in three soils collected from Ibadan, Fashola and Onne in southern Nigeria, three soils which contained 21.0, 7.8 and 54.8 mg P kg−1, respectively. Mycorrhizal infection averaged 17% in the soil from Ibadan, 24% in the soil from Fashola and 7% in the acid soil from Onne. The plants grown in the Fashola soil contained the same percentage of P as plants grown in the Onne soil. Although the percentage of P in sweet potato was lowest in the Ibadan soil, shoot dry weights were 35% higher in this soil than in the other two soils. There was no correlation between the level of mycorrhizal infection and plant dry weight in the partially sterilized soil from Ibadan. Sweet potato inoculated in this soil with infected roots of Leucaena leucocephala showed a higher level of mycorrhizal infection than uninoculated plants. Dry-matter production was, however, the same for all treatments. The sweet potato cultivars differed in their level of mycorrhizal infection and in their response to applied P. Cultivars TIS 2498 and TIS 70357 consistently showed the lowest percentage of infection; and TIb 4, TIS 8441 and TIS 8524 showed infection levels above 20% in the Fashola and Ibadan soils. When the low-yielding cultivar, TIb 4, and an improved clone, TIS 9265, were grown in the presence of 50 and 100 mg single superphosphate per kg soil, TIb 4 produced more dry matter in the presence of P fertilizer than it did without the fertilizer. Growth and mycorrhizal infection of TIS 9265 were not affected by the fertilizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1986), S. 301-308 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail concerne l'étude des variations de populations deRhizobium capables de faire noduler le cowpea et deux cultivars de soja soumis à des environnements différents. A Maradi, au Niger, localité éxposée à des températures extrêmes et à une sécheresse prolongée, le sol contient moins deRhizobium qu'à Onne et à l'Institut International d'Agriculture Tropicale, lesquels sont situés dans la zone humide du Nigéria. Six semaines après les semailles, lesRhizobium sont sensiblement plus nombreux dans les champs de cowpea que dans les jachères, ce qui indique que la culture de cowpea entraîne le développement deRhizobium compatibles dans la couche racinaire des 15 centimètres superficiels.Bradyrhizobium japonicum, qui est spécifique des cultivars de soja américain, est la population la plus faible dans les trois sites, confirmant ainsi la nécessité dans les sols tropicaux d'inoculer ces cultivars avec desRhizobium appropriés. En jachère, c'est à dire en l'absence de plante-hôte, les populations rhizobiennes sont restées stables pendant quatre années.
    Abstract: Resumen Se estudió la variación en el tamaño de población deRhizobium capaces de nodular en caupíes y en dos cultivars de soja con distintos requerimientos simbióticos, en tres localidades del Oeste de Africa. Maradi, en Nigeria es un lugar con un régimen de temperaturas extremas y sequía prolongada; en este lugar el suelo contenía menor número deRhizobium comparado con las poblaciones encontradas en Onne y en le Instituto Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, ambos lugares situados en la zona húmeda de Nigeria. La población deRhizobium, especialmente deRhizobium associados a caupíes, era significativamente superior en aquellos campos que habían sido cultivados que en las parcelas dejadas en barbecho, indicando con ello que el cultivo de caupíes aumenta la población rizosférica deRhizobium compatibles.Bradyrhizobium japonicum, específico para los cultivars americanos de soja, era el menos abundante en las tres localidades estudiadas, confirmándose así la necesidad de inocular dichos cultivars con elRhizobium apropiado en suelos tropicales. En las parcelas en barbecho, en ausencia de planta huésped, las poblaciones deRhizobium se mantuvieron establizadas durante 4 años.
    Notes: Summary Variation in the population sizes of rhizobia that are capable of nodulating cowpeas and two soybean cultivars with different symbiotic promiscuities was assessed at three locations in West Africa. Maradi, in Niger, is subject to temperature extremes and prolonged drought; the soil contained fewer rhizobia than those at Onne and at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture both of which are located in the humid zone of Nigeria. Numbers of rhizobia, especially of cowpea rhizobia in the top 15 cm six weeks after planting, were significantly higher in fields cropped to cowpeas than fallow soil, indicating that cowpea crops built up the population of compatible rhizobia in the root zone.Bradyrhizobium japonicum specific for American soybean cultivars had the smallest population at all three locations, confirming the need for inoculating these cultivars with appropriate rhizobia in tropical soils. In fallow plots, in the absence of the host plant, rhizobial population sizes remained stable for four years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 282-285 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Leaf decomposition ; Soil N ; Grain yield ; Leucaena leucocephata ; Alley cropping ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The N uptake of maize was assessed on an Alfisol in a sole crop and in an alley cropping system in southwestern Nigeria. Although the application of prunings increased the maize N content in both sole and alley-cropped maize, the N contributed to the maize by the prunings was low, ranging between 4.4 and 23.8 kg ha−1. This was equivalent to 3.2% and 9.407% of the N released during decomposition of the prunings. Application of the prunings increased the grain yields of the sole maize by 38% and the maize yield in the alley-cropped plots by 104%, compared with yields in the corresponding plots where prunings were not applied. The results indicate that part of the N from the prunings was retained in the soil organic-N pool. Maize N, dry weights and grain yields were lowest in the alley-cropped plots where prunings were removed, probably because of competition between the maize and the hedgerow trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 4 (1986), S. 239-246 
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: decomposition of prunings ; nitrogen release ; weed control ; alley cropping systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Decomposition of prunings and weed monitoring studies were conducted in a field under alley cropping with hedgerows ofCassia Siamea, Flemingia Congesta andGliricidia Sepium, at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Decomposition of cutbacks and subsequent prunings ranged from 2.7 to 5.8% dry matter loss per week and the order was: gliricidia 〉 flemingia 〉 cassia for the cutbacks, and gliricidia 〉 cassia 〉 flemingia for the prunings. In 120 days, gliricidia cutbacks released 71% of the total N required by maize, flemingia, 26%, and cassia 77%. It appeared possible to supply the 29% N deficit in the gliricidia plots from a second pruning at about 66 days after planting (DAP) of maize. In the case of flemingia and cassia, external sources of N would be needed. During the fallow period, weed control was most effective under cassia, followed by gliricidia and flemingia, and during the cropping period, cassia mulch still maintained a fairly good weed control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 129-135 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfisol ; inoculation ; Leucaena leucocephala ; nitrogen fertilizer ; nitrogen fixation ; nodulation ; Rhizobium ; shoot growth ; total nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Leonard jar, pot and field experiments examined the effects of inoculation and the influence of nitrogen fertilizer on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth ofLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. Leucaena responded to both inoculation and/or nitrogen application. Shoot growth and total N and P of inoculated plants were comparable to those of the highest N treatment, and the values were about 55% greater than those of uninoculated ones. Field data indicated that toal N yields of inoculated leucaena were increased by 50% with 40 or 80 kg ha−1 of N fertilizer. However, N fertilizer depressed N fixation by 56% as was expected from nodule mass data. N-fixation was delayed for about 8 weeks in the plots without N. Application of small amounts of N starter (20 ppm) proved to be beneficial to satisfy the plant need during the early stage of leucaena growth. The rhizobial strains IRc 1045 and IRc 1050 were effective, competitive and survived well in the field one year after their establishment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: difference method ; isotope dilution ; Leucaena leucocephala ; nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The amount of nitrogen fixed byLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit was assessed on an Alfisol at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture located in southwestern Nigeria. Estimated by the difference method, nitrogen fixation of leucaena inoculated with Rhizobium strain IRc 1045 was 133 kg ha−1 in six months. Inoculation with Rhizobium strain IRc 1050 gave a lower nitrogen fixation of 76 kg ha−1. Fertilization with 40 and 80 kg N ha−1 inhibited nitrogen fixation by 43–76% and 49–71%, respectively. Estimates with the15N dilution method gave nitrogen fixation of 134 kg ha−1 in six months when leucaena was inoculated with Rhizobium strain IRc 1045 and 98 kg ha−1 for leucaena inoculated with Rhizobium strain IRc 1050. This nitrogen fixation represented 34–39% of the plant nitrogen. Inoculated leucaena derived 5–6% of its nitrogen from applied fertilizer and 56–54% from soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 137-141 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfisol ; egbeda series ; Leucaena leucocephala ; inoculation ; maize ; nitrogen contribution ; nodules ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The nitrogen contribution from the shoot and root system of symbiotically grown leucaena was evaluated in a field experiment on an Alfisol at IITA in Southern Nigeria. Maize in plots that received prunings from inoculated leucaena contained more N and grain yield was increased by 1.9 t.ha.−1. Large quantities of nitrogen were harvested with leucaena prunings (300 kg N ha−1 in six months) but the efficiency of utilization of this nitrogen by maize was low compared to inorganic N fertilizer (ammonium sulphate) at 80 kg N ha−1. Maize yield data indicated that nitrogen in leucaena prunigs was 34 and 45% as efficient as 80 kg N ha−1 of (NH4)2SO4 for uninoculated and inoculated plants with Rhizobium IRc 1045, respectively. In plots where the prunings were removed, the leaf litter and decaying roots and nodules contributed N equivalent of 32 kg ha−1. Twenty-five kg ha−1 was the inorganic N equivalent from nitrogen fixed symbiotically by leucaena when inoculated with Rhizobium strain IRc 1045. Application of prunings from inoculated leucaena resulted in higher soil ogranic C, total N, pH and available NO3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 121-127 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfisol ; allantoin ; inoculation ; Leucaena leucocephala ; mineral nutrition ; nodulation ; nitrogenase activity ; shoot growth ; total nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot and field experiments carried out at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and at Fashola, Southwestern Nigeria, examined the effect of inoculation and N, P and micronutrients on nodulation and growth ofLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. In pot studies all parameters measured, except the percentage of nitrogen in shoots, were improved by inoculation, nitrogen and phosphorus. Micronutrients increased only nitrogen and allantoin contents. Interactions between inoculation and P, N and micronutrients on nodulation and growth of leucaena were observed. The effect of inoculation and fertilization with phosphorus or micronutrients was further investigated in field experiments. Establishment of uninoculated and unfertilized leucaena was poor at both locations due to low soil fertility and the presence of only a few native leucaena rhizobia. At one site, only inoculated plants were nodulated, while at the other, all plants produced nodules. Shoot dry weight, total nitrogen and phosphorus of inoculated plants were statistically equal to nitrogen-fertilized plants. Uninoculated plants were stunted. Generally, micronutrients did not influence nodulation, total nitrogen or growth of leucaena. They had only a positive effect on nitrogenase activity. Phosphorus increased total nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and plant growth. A 75% increase in shoot dry weight was obtained when 80 kg P ha−1 was applied to inoculated leucaena with Rhizobium strain IRc 1045. Inoculated plants contained more allantoins than uninoculated ones but no significant correlation was found between these compounds and other parameters of N fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 92 (1986), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Liming ; Nitrate leaching ; Nitrification ; N-mineralization ; Rain forest ; Soil acidity ; Tropics ; Ultisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the effect of liming on the rates of mineralization and nitrification in a coarse-textured kaolinitic Ultisol. Soil samples were taken from field plots which received lime rates from 0 to 4mt/ha three years prior to the study. The pH of the soil samples varied from 4.2 to 6.1. Ammonification of soil organic N and added urea source proceeded readily and was not affected by lime rate. Nitrification occurred in both limed and unlimed soils but the rate of nitrification depended upon the rate of lime application. Soil pH, exchangeable Ca and exchangeable A1 were significantly correlated with the amount of NO3-N accumulated at the end of the 65 days incubation period. Nitrification of NH4-N from ammonium sulfate was absent in soils receiving lower rates of lime which gave pH values ranging from 4.2 to 4.8. Added ammonium source was nitrified readily after a 3-week delay period in the soil (pH 6.1) which received a higher rate of lime (4 mt/ha).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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