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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the Peripheral Nervous System (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 527 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb26979.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocrine cells in the human colorectal mucosa: immunocytochemical observations on patients with prolapse or internal procidentia of the rectum (1987)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 2 (1987), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Rectal prolapse ; Endocrine cells ; Regulatory peptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have examined the occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells storing serotonin and the regulatory peptides somatostatin, glicentin, peptide YY in rectal mucosa on 16 patients with prolapse or intussusception of the rectum. There were no significant differences compared with normal rectal mucosa. Our results do not support the assumption that these endocrine cells of the rectum are involved in the pathophysiology of rectal prolapse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01647696
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal projections of hypothalamic histidine decarboxylaseimmunoreactive neurones (1985)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 16 (1985), S. 231-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The existence of a histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-immunoreactive diencephalo-spinal pathway in the rat was demonstrated using an antiserum raised against HDC from fetal rat liver. HDC-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were numerous in the ventral and lateral caudal hypothalamus. More caudally, in the mesencephalon, no cell bodies were observed but fairly many, transversely cut nerve fibres, were found in association with the fasiculus longitudinalis medialis bilaterally. At the most caudal medullary level, these longitudinally passing fibres became displaced ventrally to a position just laterally to the pyramidal decussation. In the spinal cord the fibres were more dispersed and rather sparse in most areas. The existence of a diencephalo-spinal HDC-immunoreactive pathway was verified by analyzing material from rats which had received injections of the retrograde fluorescent tracer True Blue into the cervical spinal cord. True Blue fluorescence and HDC immunofluorescence were found to coexist in a subpopulation of the HDC-immunoreactive neurones in the hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983147
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quinacrine accumulation in pancreatic islet cells of rat and mouse: relationship to functional activity and effects on basal and stimulated insulin secretion (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Pancreatic islets ; quinacrine accumulation ; tolbutamide ; pancreatic insulin ; plasma insulin ; glucose ; carbachol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fluorescent acridine derivative, quinacrine, was found to accumulate in rat and mouse pancreatic islet cells storing insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, or somatostatin. Following administration of large doses of tolbutamide via an oro-gastric tube, the intensity of quinacrine fluorescence of insulin cells was substantially reduced. Similarly, the pancreatic insulin content was lowered. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of the glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin cells appeared unaffected. Basal plasma insulin levels in the mouse were slightly elevated following quinacrine administration (25%). Glucose-stimulated insulin release was markedly enhanced (51%) in quinacrine-pretreated animals, whereas insulin release induced by cholinergic stimulation was unaffected. The results show that quinacrine accumulates in the various pancreatic islet cells. The drug seems to be confined to the secretory granules and affects the insulin response to glucose but not that to cholinergic stimulation, suggesting that these secretagogues act through different or partly different secretory pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273865
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Existence and coexistence of peptides in nerves of the mammalian ovary and oviduct demonstrated by immunocytochemistry (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 86 (1986), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunocytochemical distribution of substance P (SP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was studied in the ovary and the Fallopian tube (oviduct) of rats, guinea-pigs, cows, pigs and humans. Generally, the nerve supply was better developed in the oviduct than in the ovary. GRP fibers were most scarce in all tissues. Nerves containing SP were particularly numerous in the oviduct of rat and guinea-pig, supplying the muscular wall and blood vessels. VIP and PHI coexisted in dense plexuses of nerves, not only around blood vessels but also in the follicular wall and the interstitial gland of the ovary, as well as within the smooth muscle layers and subepithelially in the oviduct. The general distribution of NPY was similar, but these immunoreactive nerves were even more numerous. Sequential staining for dopamine-β-hydroxylase and NPY together with results of chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine suggested that NPY was stored in the noradrenergic sympathetic nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492342
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine in endocrine cells in the stomach (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 86 (1986), S. 5-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies to histamine were used to examine the localization of the amine in cells of the stomach and upper small intestine of a great variety of species, including cartilaginous and bony fish, amphibia, reptiles (lizard), birds (chicken) and a large number of mammals. In all species gastric histamine was localized in endocrine cells (invariably found in the epithelium) and mast cells (usually with an extra-epithelial localization). The endocrine cells were identified as such by immunostaining with antibodies to chromogranin A and the mast cells were identified by toluidine blue staining. Histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells were found almost exclusively in the acid-producing part of the stomach; only rarely were such cells observed in the pyloric gland area. They were fairly numerous in the gastric mucosa of the two subclasses of fish as well as in the amphibia and reptile species studied. Here, the majority of the histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells seemed to have contact with the gastric lumen (open type cells) and were located in the surface epithelium (certain fish only) or together with mucous neck cells at the bottom of the pits. In the chicken, histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells were numerous and located peripherally in the deep compound glands. They were without contact with the lumen (closed type) and had long basal extensions (“paracrine” appearance), running close to the base of the oxyntico-peptic cells. In mammals, the number of histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the stomach varied greatly. They were particularly numerous in the rat and notably few in the dog, monkey and man. In all mammals, the histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells were of the closed type and located basally in the oxyntic glands. They often had a “paracrine” appearance with long basal processes. Histamine-storing mast cells, finally, were few in both subclasses of fish as well as in the amphibian species and in the lizard. They were fairly numerous in chicken proventriculus (beneath the surface epithelium), few in the oxyntic mucosa of mouse, rat and hamster, moderate in number in hedge-hog, guinea-pig, rabbit, pig and monkey, and numerous in cat, dog and man. In the oxyntic mucosa of the latter three species mast cells sometimes seemed to have an intraepithelial localization which made their distinction from endocrine cells difficult. In newborn cats (1–3 days old) in human foetuses (17–24 weeks gestational age) mast cells were relatively few in the gastric mucosa and the histamine-containing endocrine cells were easier to demonstrate as a consequence. Patients with achlorhydria (and pernicious anemia) or suffering from hypergastrinemia due to gastrinoma had a greatly increased number of histamine-storing endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa compared with normal individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492340
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve fibres containing peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) in the respiratory tract (1985)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 242 (1985), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nasal mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent studies have indicated that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) are formed by cleavage of a common precursor protein. In the present study we have examined the distribution of nerve fibres displaying PHI-like immunoreactivity in the upper respiratory tract of several mammalian species including man. PHI fibres were found to have the same general distribution as previously described for VIP fibres. These fibres were distributed mainly in the subepithelial connective tissue around both seromucous glands and blood vessels. In the tracheal wall, PHI fibres were also seen in the non-vascular smooth muscle. Sequential immunostaining for PHI and VIP revealed co-existence of the two peptides in the same nerve fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454420
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptides in the human appendix (1989)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 1217-1230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: appendix ; neuropeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract At present our knowledge of enteric peptide-containing neurons in man is limited. In this study we have used human appendices removed at surgery to examine the peptidergic innervation by immunocytochemistry, immunochemistry, and pharmacological in vitro experiments. Immunocytochemistry revealed a variety of peptide-containing nerve fiber populations in the human appendix. VIP/PHI-, VIP/PHI/NPY-, SP/NKA-, galanin-, and enkephalin-containing nerve fibers were numerous; CGRP- and GRP- containing nerve fibers were moderate in number, while only scattered NPY-, enkephalin/BAM-, and somatostatin-containing nerve fibers could be found. No CCK-, dynorphin A-, or dynorphin B- immunoreactive nerve fibers could be detected. The coexistence of VIP/PHI, SP/NKA, and enkaphalin/BAM can be anticipated from the known sequence of their respective precursors. However, the coexistence of VIP/PHI and NPY was unexpected but corroborates previous observations in other species. Interestingly, SP and CGRP did not seem to coexist in nerve fibers of the human appendix. Immunochemistry (RIA and HPLC) confirmed the presence of VIP, NPY, SP, galanin, CGRP, GRP, enkephalin, and somatostatin. Motor activity studies suggest that acetylcholine plays a major role in the electrically evoked contractions, since atropine suppressed these contractions. Galanin (10−8-10−6 M) and GRP (10−9-10−7 M) caused concentration-dependent contractions that were unaffected by tetrodotoxin and thus probably reflect a direct action on smooth muscle receptors. GRP (10−9 M) enhanced the electrically induced cholinergic contraction (to 193±24%), while met-enkephalin (10−6 M) reduced it (to 54±6%). Both peptides failed to affect the contractile response to exogenous acetylcholine and probably act to modulate the release of acetylcholine. NPY, VIP, CGRP, SP, and somatostatin failed to induce contraction or to affect the electrically evoked contractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01537270
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal galanin is widely distributed in the chicken respiratory tract and coexists with multiple neuropeptides (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Respiratory tract ; Autonomic innervation ; Neuropeptide immunocytochemistry ; Galanin ; Neu-ropeptide coexistence ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mammalian airways are known to be richly innervated by several types of peptide-containing nerve fibers. Galanin-containing fibers are, however, comparatively few. The results of the present immunocytochemical study indicate that the chicken airways receive a notably dense supply of galanin-storing fibers. Other major neuropeptides were neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P. Nerve fibers containing these peptides were distributed in the trachea, main bronchi, and the lungs. Minor nerve fiber populations contained calcitonin generelated peptide, enkephalin and gastrin-releasing peptide. In the trachea and main bronchi the majority of peptidecontaining nerve fibers was distributed beneath and sometimes also within the epithelium; fibers were fewer in the lamina propria. In the lungs they occurred both in association with the epithelium of small bronchi and in the septa. Adrenergic nerves (using tyrosine hydroxylase as marker) were predominantly distributed in the lamina propria among bundles of smooth muscle and blood vessels. In the nerve fibers associated with the epithelium and in nerve cell bodies in local ganglia of the tracheal wall, galanin was found to coexist with several other neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P) suggesting co-expression of multiple neuropeptide genes in the same population of neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224722
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin and distribution of neuropeptide Y-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and substance P-containing nerve fibers in the urinary bladder of the rat (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Autonomic denervation ; Neuropeptide Y ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Substance P ; Urinary bladder ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The origin and distribution in the urinary bladder of nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) were investigated in rats. Experimental procedures comprised preganglionic decentralization or postganglionic denervation of the bladder and also chemical sympathectomy as well as capsaicin treatment of newborn rats. Nerve fibers containing NPY were richly distributed in the detrusor muscle and also in the pelvic ganglia. Numerous NPY-containing nerve cell bodies were found in pelvic ganglia. A rich occurrence of VIP fibers and a more sparse distribution of SP-containing fibers were also found in the bladder as well as a relatively rich representation of VIP- containing nerve cell bodies in the pelvic ganglia. After decentralization the intensity of VIP and NPY immunofluorescence increased in nerve cell bodies of the pelvic ganglia and in nerve fibers in the wall of the bladder. Postganglionic denervation, on the other hand, eliminated all peptides examined in the bladder wall. After postganglionic denervation the situation in the ganglia was approximately the same as after decentralization. Chemical sympathectomy (6-OHDA) did not seem to change significantly the frequency and distribution of VIP-, SP- and NPY-fibers in the muscle layer of the bladder or in the pelvic ganglia, while the NPY-containing nerve fibers in the submucosal layer and around blood vessels of the bladder disappeared. Adrenergic nerve fibers in the wall of the bladder (visualized by histofluorescence) were markedly reduced in number after administration of 6-OHDA. Capsaicin-treatment of newborn rats caused a loss of SP-fibers in the wall of the bladder, supporting the view that these fibers are sensory in nature in the urinary bladder. Although it cannot be entirely excluded that NPY-containing fibers in the wall of the bladder are adrenergic, the present results suggest that the NPY-fibers as well as the VIP-fibers of the bladder wall originate mainly in non-adrenergic cell bodies of the pelvic ganglia. However, perivascular NPY-containing nerve fibers are adrenergic in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214914
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