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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithium lowers renal, cardiac and splenic ornithine decarboxylase activity in mice (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 409-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lithium ; ornithine decarboxylase activity ; polyamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single i.p. injection of lithium chloride (5–7.5 μmoles/g b.wt) in mice caused a 70–80% decrease in renal, cardiac and splenic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity within 1 h, whereas pulmonary ODC activity was unaffected. Lithium chloride did not have any effect on ODC activity in vitro when added to homogenates of the tissues studied. We suggest that the effect of lithium on ODC activity is not direct, but mediated via e.g. hormonal or nervous influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02118632
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Force development in smooth muscle strips of the hypertrophied urinary bladder of the rat after autonomic decentralization (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 948-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Active length-tension relations for muscle strips of decentralized bladders differed from those of controls when comparisons were based on length in situ, but not when comparisons were based on lengths relative to optimum lenght for force development. The decentralized bladder behaved similarly to the denervated bladder, thus indicating that the presence of nerves was of no importance for the force production of directly stimulated muscle cells in the hypertrophied bladder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01953670
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and mechanics of growing arterial microvessels from hypertrophied urinary bladder in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 426 (1994), S. 506-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Phenylephrine ; K+ Sensitivity ; Ca2+ Sensitivity ; Length/force relation ; Smooth muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rat bladder hypertrophy, induced by a partial ligation of the urethra, was used to study the accompanying changes of microvascular smooth muscle mechanics, pharmacology and morphology. A segment of a microarterial vessel to the bladder was taken from a defined anatomical location and studied in a wire myograph in vitro at the length for maximal isometric force development (L max). After 10 days of ligation, bladder hypertrophy resulted in a microvascular growth response compared to non-operated controls which was characterized by (i) an increase of the calculated diameter at L max from 134±5 μm to 222±19 μm; (ii) an increase of the media thickness from 22.4±1.9 μm to 32.2±3.0 μm; (iii) an increase of the active tension from 1.42±0.28 mN/mm to 3.06±0.33 mN/mm; (iv) no change of the wall/lumen ratio (from 0.83±0.10 to 0.79±0.15). Normalized length/force relations (active, passive and total) did not differ significantly between microarteries from control and hypertrophic bladders. Microvascular smooth muscle growth was also associated with a decreased sensitivity to K+-induced depolarization and an increased sensitivity to α 1-adrenergic stimulation. No differences were noted regarding the Ca2+ sensitivity of force during K+-induced depolarization. The results suggest that microvascular growth (1) is immediately and positively influenced by the organ growth; (2) results in a functional resetting of the microvascular segments towards larger diameters without gross morphological or mechanical alterations; and (3) is accompanied by pharmacological alterations of the smooth muscle reactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378528
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denervation and outlet obstruction induce a net synthesis of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in the urinary bladder of the male rat (1996)
    Springer
    Urological research 24 (1996), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Urinary bladder ; Outlet obstruction ; Denervation ; Actin ; Myosin ; Desmin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations of the contractile proteins actin and myosin and the cytoskeletal protein desmin were determined in urinary bladders from normal rats, and from rats with bladder outlet obstruction or denervation. Ten days of obstruction or total denervation by bilateral removal of the pelvic ganglia resulted in an almost fourfold increase in bladder weight. Actin and myosin concentrations did not change significantly. The total amount of actin was 1624±235 μg in the control bladder. In the obstructed and denervated bladders it increased significantly to 6277±648 μg and 7671±835 μg, respectively. The desmin/actin ratio was 0.237±0.012 in the control bladders, and increased significantly to 0.369±0.015 in the obstructed and 0.343±0.022 in the denervated bladders. Partial denervation by removal of the pelvic ganglion on one side only increased bladder weight by 52%, but did not increase the desmin/actin ratio. The content of actin in such bladders increased by 82%. Both obstruction (which increases the functional load of the detrusor muscle cells) and denervation (which produces bladder paralysis) are known to induce hypertrophy of the detrusor smooth muscle cells. The study shows that the desmin/actin ratio and the total amount of contractile proteins increase in response to the hypertrophy as such, and not to the work performed by the smooth muscle cells, and that the nerves have no trophic influence on the growth response. Also, even a limited lesion of the bladder innervation is associated with growth and a net increase in the amount of contractile proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304076
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactate dehydrogenase activity and isoform distribution in the rat pelvic ganglion: effects of diabetes and bladder outlet obstruction (1995)
    Springer
    Urological research 23 (1995), S. 395-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Rat ; Pelvic ganglion ; Lactate dehydrogenase ; Isoforms ; Infravescial obstruction ; Diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have previously shown that the intramural motor nerves in the rat bladder can function in anoxic conditions. The present study aims to explore the distribution and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the key enzyme for ATP generation in anoxia. The activity and isoform distribution pattern of LDH was studied in pelvic ganglia from male and female rats. A histochemical investigation showed that the LDH activity was intense in the ganglion cells, and weak in the other tissue components (nerve bundles, connective tissue). The male pelvic ganglion weighed 55% more than the female pelvic ganglion, the enzyme activity per unit ganglion weight was 60% higher and the total LDH activity was 155% higher. The isoform distribution was similar, with M4 being dominant isoform, followed by M3H. Infravesical outlet obstruction in the female rat induced a threefold increase in ganglion weight, and the total LDH activity increased twofold. In this hypertrophic female ganglion a decreased relative amount of M4, and an increased amount of MH3, was found. Diabetes in the male rat had no effect on ganglion weight or its contents and isoform distribution of LDH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698742
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in urinary bladder smooth muscle from rats treated with epidermal growth factor (1996)
    Springer
    Urological research 24 (1996), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Actin ; Desmin ; Growth factors ; Myosin ; Urinary bladder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Systemic treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces growth of all wall layers in the urinary tract of pigs and rats. The present study was initiated to describe morphological and biochemical changes in the bladder smooth muscle from rats treated with EGF for 4 weeks. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of vehicle (n=16) or EGF (n=8, 150 μg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. After EGF treatment the bladders were increased in weight [74.4±0.4 vs 122.1±0.5 mg, P〈0.001 (mean ± SEM)]. Sodium dedecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analyses of six bladders from each group revealed that the total amounts of actin, myosin and desmin were statistically significantly increased by 62%, 61% and 154%, respectively. The relative amounts of actin and myosin were unchanged whereas the desmin to actin ratio was significantly increased — as previously described in rat bladder smooth muscle hypertrophy. Light and electron microscopy of two bladders from each group revealed increased wall thickness involving all wall layers. The smooth muscle fibres at a midventral bladder location seemed only slightly hypertrophic — some degree of hyperplasia was therefore suspected. In conclusion, EGF treatment for 4 weeks induced a net synthesis of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in the urinary bladder smooth muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295897
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rat model for investigation of spinal mechanisms in detrusor instability associated with infravesical outflow obstruction (1993)
    Springer
    Urological research 21 (1993), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Detrusor instability ; Infravesical outflow obstruction ; Rat urinary bladder ; Spinal mechanism(s)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rat model of infravesical outflow obstruction was modified to allow cystometric investigation in conscious, free-moving animals after intrathecal drug administration. The catheter position and extent of drug distribution were controlled by injection of dye and dissection of the spinal canal. Continuous cystometries were performed in awake normal rats as well as rats with bladder hypertrophy and hyperactivity following infravesical outflow obstruction. In some animals of each group, cystometry was performed with simultaneous recording of intra-abdominal pressure. The possible effects of the presence of the intrathecal catheter were studied, as well as the effects of saline, local anesthetics, morphine and naloxone administered through the catheter. Neither the presence of the intrathecal catheter nor injection of saline affected the cystometric pattern. Bupivacaine (50 μg) produced paralysis of both lower extremities and a complete, though reversible, suppression of micturition in normal rats. In rats with hypertrophy, intrathecal bupivacaine in doses of 50 μg and 100 μg produced decreases in micturition pressure, increases in bladder capacity and dribbling incontinence. However, the amplitude of spontaneous contractile activity increased after the administration. The inhibitory effects of morphine (0.5–10 μg) on micturition in normal rats, which were rapidly reversed by naloxone, were in accordance with results obtained in previous studies in anesthetized animals. Rats with bladder hypertrophy showed a similar response to morphine and naloxone. However, the bladder hyperactivity was not inhibited by morphine. We conclude that the present model seems reliable for the study of spinal mechanisms in the development of detrusor instability associated with infravesical outflow obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307703
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Old age does not affect shortening velocity or content of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in the rat detrusor smooth muscle (1997)
    Springer
    Urological research 25 (1997), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder smooth muscle ; Intermediate filaments ; Age ; Actin ; Myosin ; Force-velocity relation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of old age on mechanical properties of the urinary bladder was investigated using smooth muscle strips from urinary bladders of control (14–16 weeks) and old-age (104 weeks) female Sprague-Dawley rats. Bladder weight of the aged rats had increased by about 30%. The maximal shortening velocity and stiffness in skinned activated urinary bladder fibers from old animals were unchanged compared to controls. The relative content of intermediate filament proteins to actin and the relative content of myosin to actin was unchanged. The concentration of myosin was unchanged (about 6.5 μg/mg wet weight). The results suggest that old age is not associated with pronounced changes in the cellular contractile and cytoskeletal proteins or in the mechanical properties of the contractile machinery. The age-related changes in mechanical properties previously reported for intact smooth muscle from urinary bladder are most likely due to alterations in the activation systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941909
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sprouting of bladder nerves into cystoplastic cecal segment in the rat (1999)
    Springer
    Urological research 27 (1999), S. 476-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Urinary bladder ; Enterocystoplasty ; Cecocystoplasty ; Innervation ; Nerve growth ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation of bowel into the bladder (enterocystoplasty) has been widely used to increase bladder capacity. It has been reported by others that the response of smooth muscle from the cystoplastic segment of the intestine shifts from that of the intestine (relaxation to α-agonists and ATP) to that of the bladder (contraction to α-agonists and ATP). This suggests a functional integration of the intestinal muscle into the bladder; the mechanisms are unknown. The aims of the present study were (1) to elucidate if there are signs of bladder nerves sprouting across the anastomosis into the intestinal segment, and (2) to study what happens with the intrinsic innervation of the intestinal segment. As a model, we used cecocystoplasty in rats. The bladder was opened and a patch of cecum with intact vascular supply was anastomosed to the bladder. After two to 11 months the rats were sacrificed and the bladders mounted as wholemounts and stained for acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves, or embedded in paraffin for histology. A pronounced degeneration of the myenteric plexus was found in the cecal segments. In some areas, this had proceeded to the extent that the ganglia were isolated ovoid lumps of cells with no apparent connection to other ganglia. Areas lacking ganglia and nerve trunks but still with muscle could be found in all specimens. Abundant axon bundles were demonstrated sprouting from the cut bladder nerves close to the anastomosis. The bundles spread out in a fan-like pattern or were organized as fewer thicker nerves. There were many nerve bundles entering the cecal segment where they branched and the diameter decreased till they no longer became visible. Some nerves reached surviving lumps of myenteric ganglion cells. The results show that the bladder nerves sprout into the anastomosed cecal segment. It is reasonable to assume that these nerves are responsible for the changes in receptor pharmacological properties of the cecal smooth muscle towards that of bladder muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050138
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane potential in smooth muscle cells from hypertrophic rat portal vein (1983)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1288-1290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Portal hypertension was induced in rats by partial ligation of the hepatic branches of the portal vein. After 5 days the vein was removed and mounted in vitro. In contrast to control (C) veins, hypertensive (H) vessels were almost devoid of spontaneous contractions. Microelectrode recordings showed that the smooth muscle cells of H vessels were hyperpolarized. If [K+]o was increased, or if Ba2+ was added spontaneous activity could be initiated in H vessels. A relation in H cells between hyperpolarization and increased aerobic glycolysis (suggesting an increased electrogenic Na+−K+-pumping) is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990374
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