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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationship between Enterobacteriaceae: comparison of the ATP synthases (F1F0) of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 148 (1987), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: F1F0 ATP synthase ; Escherichia coli ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Phylogenetic relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ATP synthase complex of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KF1F0) has been purified and characterized. SDS-gel electrophoresis of the purified F1F0 complexes revealed an identical subunit pattern for E. coli (EF1F0) and K. pneumoniae. Antibodies raised against EF1 complex and purified EF0 subunits recognized the corresponding polypeptides of EF1F0 and KF1F0 in immunoblot analysis. Protease digestion of the individual subunits generated an identical cleavage pattern for subunits α, β, γ, ε, a, and c of both enzymes. Only for subunit δ different cleavage products were obtained. The isolated subunit c of both organisms showed only a slight deviation in the amino acid composition. These data suggest that extensive homologies exist in primary and secondary structure of both ATP synthase complexes reflecting a close phylogenetic relationship between the two enterobacteric tribes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414810
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-coupled effects of repeated vestibular and optokinetic stimulations on the dynamics of the vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes in the cat (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 70 (1988), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibuloocular reflex ; Optokinetic reflex ; Habituation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cats were submitted to repeated step stimulations either vestibular or optokinetic. Regardless of which of the two stimuli was used, dynamic modifications were observed in both vestibulo-ocular response and optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). The progressive changes in post-rotational nystagmus and OKAN were quantified by measuring the duration of their primary phase. A parallel evolution of these two parameters was found. When repeated unidirectional vestibular stimulations were used, the same asymmetry was induced in both vestibuloocular responses and OKAN. These results support the hypothesis that the vestibulo-ocular and the optokinetic reflex share a common velocity storage mechanism, although alternative hypotheses cannot be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271861
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Velocity characteristics of smooth pursuit eye movements to different patterns of target motion (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 63 (1986), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pursuit velocity ; Eye movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horizontal smooth pursuit eye movements were recorded in normal subjects in response to different patterns of target motion that was either periodic or not. Periodic patterns were triangular and sinusoidal waves. Non-periodic patterns were ramps with either constant or sinusoidally varying velocity. In both cases, several different amplitudes and peak velocities were considered. The experimental results indicate that (a) the performance of the smooth pursuit system depends on the spatio-temporal characteristics of target motion, (b) the relationship between smooth pursuit eye velocity and target velocity during the tracking of constant velocity ramps is strongly nonlinear with a saturation depending on the amplitude of target excursion, (c) in the remaining experimental conditions, there is a linear behaviour up to target velocities of 75 deg/s with a gain of about 0.9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236858
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of interstimulus interval on the development of vestibular habituation to repeated velocity steps (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 10-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular habituation ; Velocity step ; Interstimulus interval
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to clarify the problem of which stimulus parameters affect vestibular habituation, a group of cats was submitted to repeated velocity steps involving changes in either the step amplitude or the interval between two consecutive steps. In the first two experiments, the protocol was the same as in a previous study which used steps of 160°/s separated by 60 s, except that the steps were of 80°/s and 16°/s. In the remaining experiments the step amplitude was kept constant (160°/s) and the interstimulus interval was changed: each step was delivered either immediately after the reversal of the nystagmus elicited by the preceding step (only a few beats in the reversed direction were allowed to occur) or immediately before (no beats in the reversed direction). Vestibular habituation was found to occur in both experiments of the first series. Nevertheless, the marked initial suppression of the response, that was reported as one aspect of vestibular habituation to steps of 160°/s, was clearly present when steps of 80°/s were used, but was not as clear when the step amplitude was reduced to 16°/s. The experiments of the second series showed that a typical vestibular habituation still occurs when steps are delivered just after the reversal of nystagmus. On the contrary, no habituation was observed when steps preceded the reversal of nystagmus. It was concluded that the presence of an anticompensatory phase is interpreted by the central nervous system as a sign that the response evoked in a reflex way is functionally meaningless or even detrimental. An habituation process is then started to suppress the response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237660
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empfindlichkeit klinisch wichtiger Bacteroides spp. gegenüber den Kombinationen Enoxacin-Metronidazol und Enoxacin-Clindamycin (1989)
    Springer
    Infection 17 (1989), S. S11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To assess the activity of enoxacin, clindamycin and metronidazole, MICs of clinical isolates of saccharolytic intestinalBacteroides spp. were determined, using the agar dilution method according to NCCLS guidelines. Checkerboard titrations of enoxacin-metronidazole and enoxacin-clindamycin were done on Wilkins-Chalgren agar; inoculation, incubation and reading of plates were as for determination of MICs. Metronidazole MIC90s forBacteroides fragilis (23 strains) andBacteroides thetaiotaomicron (23 strains) were 0.5 mg/l, clindamycin MIC90 forB. fragilis was 1 mg/l, and forB. thetaiotaomicron 8 mg/l, whereas enoxacin MIC90 values were 16 mg/l and 64 mg/l, respectively. The evaluation of the inhibitory effects of the combination enoxacinmetrondazole forB. fragilis showed additional effects in eleven strains, indifference in seven strains and antagonism in one. The figures forB. thetaiotaomicron showed addition in five strains, indifference in 17 strains, antagonism in one. ForB. fragilis the combination enoxacin-clindamycin showed addition in ten strains, indifference in six, and antagonism in one; forB. thetaiotaomicron synergism in one strain, addition in four strains, indifference in 17 strains. In conclusion, the absence of antagonism and the overall preponderance of additional and indifferent effects warrant the use of enoxacin in combination with metronidazole or clindamycin in clinical trials of treatment of anaerobicaerobic mixed infections.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die minimalen Hemmkonzentrationen (MHK) von Enoxacin, Clindamycin und Metronidazol wurden bei klinischen Isolaten saccharolytischer intestinalerBacteroides spp. mittels der Agardilutionsmethode entsprechend den NCCLS-Richtlinien bestimmt. Mit den Kombinationen Enoxacin-Clindamycin und Enoxacin-Metronidazol wurden Schachbrett-Titrationen auf Wilkins-Chalgren-Agar durchgeführt, Inokulation, Inkubation und Ablesung der Platten erfolgte wie bei der MHK-Bestimmung. Die MHK90 von Metronidazol betrug beiBacteroides fragilis (23 Stämme) und beiBacteroides thetaiotaomicron (23 Stämme) in beiden Fällen 0,5 mg/l; die MHK90 von Clindamycin war beiB. fragilis 1 mg/l und beiB. thetaiotaomicron 8 mg/l, bei Enoxacin betrugen die entsprechenden Werte 16 bzw. 64 mg/l. Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse der Kombinationstestung Enoxacin-Metronidazol zeigte bei elfB. fragilis-Stämmen eine additive Wirkung, Indifferenz bei sieben und Antagonismus bei einem Stamm. BeiB. thetaiotaomicron lauteten die Ergebnisse Addition bei fünf Stämmen, Indifferenz bei 17 und Antagonismus bei einem Stamm. Die Kombination Enoxacin-Clindamycin war bei zehn Stämmen vonB. fragilis additiv wirksam, indifferent bei sechs und antagonistisch bei einem Stamm, beiB. thetaiotaomicron war ein Synergismus bei einem Stamm, Addition bei vier und Indifferenz bei 17 Stämmen zu beobachten. Der fehlende Antagonismus und das Überwiegen additiver oder indifferenter Effekte läßt den Gebrauch der Kombinationen Enoxacin-Clindamycin bzw. Enoxacin-Metronidazol in klinischen Untersuchungen bei der Behandlung anaerob-aerober Mischinfektionen sinnvoll erscheinen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01643627
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location and anisotropic refinement of deuterium atoms in disodium dideuteriumsilicate heptahydrate (D2O) by neutron diffraction; hydrogen bonding at 296 K and thermal properties (1987)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 43 (1987), S. 1015-1019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010827018709317X
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location and anisotropic refinement of hydrogen atoms in disodium dihydrogensilicate tetrahydrate, Na2H2SiO4.4H2O, by neutron diffraction; hydrogen bonding at 173 K (1985)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 41 (1985), S. 638-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270185004930
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New experimental data on cat's optokinetic responses. Is there need to revise previous models of the optokinetic reflex? (1985)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 51 (1985), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract New data on cat's optokinetic reflex (OKR) provided by Godaux and Vanderkelen (1984) have been interpreted by using a nonlinear model of OKR previously proposed by the authors. A general agreement between experimental data and theoretical predictions was obtained. In particular, the steep decrease of OKR gain observed experimentally at high frequencies appeared as a straightforward consequence of the intrinsic nonlinearity of OKR. In contrast with a recent statement by Gillis et al. (1984), it was concluded that the new data seem to confirm, rather than disprove, previous models of cat's OKR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336916
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model of eye tracking of periodic square wave target motion (1986)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 54 (1986), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract When a subject is presented with a visual target moving between two fixed points in a periodic square wave motion, the delay of eye tracking saccades can gradually decrease until the eyes lock on the target or even precede it. For symmetrical target motions (equal duration of the two phases of each cycle), the response time defined as the interval between a target jump in one direction and the beginning of the corresponding saccadic response was almost the same for the two phases of each cycle. This response time was found to depend on the frequency of target motion and to reach a positive value (anticipation) of about 200 ms at about 0.5 Hz. At low and high frequencies eye movement delayed target movement, and the delay was almost that observed for saccades to unpredictable targets. For asymmetrical target motions, the response time was different for the two phases of each cycle. A shorter response delay or a greater anticipation was observed for the response to the shorter phase. The response time to both phases of target motion depended on cycle duration while the response time to the longer phase also depended on the degree of asymmetry of target motion. After a review of the experimental results, a mathematical model that can help their interpretation is presented. The model also provides a description of the interaction that might occur between the two hemispheres when eye tracking is made by saccades alternately to the right and to the left.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356856
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1987)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 74 (1987), S. 198-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372930
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