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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycoconjugate with terminal α galactose (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 84 (1986), S. 387-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glycoconjugates associated with the basal cell layer of various types of epithelia in the mouse and rat were examined histochemically with a battery of lectinhorseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates of differing sugar binding specificities. Basal cells in paraffin sections of composite tissue blocks stained with an isolectin from Griffonia simplicifolia (GSA I-B4) specific for terminal α-galactose residues but failed to react with the other lectins. Basal cells in epithelium lining striated and excretory ducts of salivary and lacrimal glands, tongue, esophagus, trachea, renal calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, epididymis and vas deferens stained selectively and intensely for content of a glycoconjugate with terminal α-galactose. This galactoconjugate appeared associated with the plasmalemma of basal cells. Basal cells with a galactocalyx formed an intermittent to continuous layer generally increasing in prevalence distally in glandular duct systems. A minor population of pyramido-columnar cells with cytosolic GSA I-B4 reactivity occurred in striated ducts and appeared less numerous in intralobular excretory ducts and more prevalent in extraglandular ducts. In trachea and renal pelvis, the GSA I-B4 positive cell profiles ranged from low cuboidal to tall pyramidal in contour, but the latter appeared not to reach the lumen. In contrast, no GSA I-B4 positive basal cells were seen in any segment of the pancreatic or bile ducts or in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. These findings suggest that the basal cells found in similar sites in different epithelia and possessing in common a unique α-galactoconjugate may function in a manner common to all and not simply in providing progenitor cells for epithelial renewal. The location and distribution of GSA I-B4 reactive basal cells in diverse epithelia suggests that through their α-galactocalyx they serve in maintaining the established composition of luminal fluid perhaps by impeding the transepithelial movement of fluid and ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482968
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin cytochemistry of cell types in human and canine pituitary (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 85 (1986), S. 57-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Labeled lectins specific for different sugars were employed to identify different cell types in pituitaries from six human autopsies and seven dogs. To determine the lectins bound by each cell type, fixed-paraffin embedded sections serial to those stained with lectins were immunostained for specific hormones and the serial pairs were examined in a comparison microscope. In human pituitaries corticotrophs stained selectively with lectins having affinity for α-l-fucose and the core region of complex type N-glycosyl-proteins. Some corticotrophs also stained for the presence of terminal β-galactose. Thyrotrophs stained selectively with a periodate oxidation-borohydride reduction-concanavalin A sequence. Some mammotrophs evidenced content of glycoconjugate with terminal β-galactose. Dendritic cells stained selectively for abundant glycogen with the periodate-reduction-concanavalin A sequence and a lectin from Griffonia simplicifolia. Adenohypophyseal cells of dog pituitary differed in showing absence of terminal β-galactose in corticotrophs, presence of terminal β-galactose in thyrotrophs, presence of glycoconjugate with N-glycosidically bound oligosaccharide in thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs and presence of terminal β-galactose with a different lectin affinity in mammotrophs. The main contributions of lectin histochemistry applied to the pituitary include providing an additional histologic method for identification of some cell types, and localizing glycosylated prohormone or other biochemically unrecognized non-hormone glycoconjugates whose function in pituitary cells remains to be explained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508654
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycoconjugate with terminal galactose (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 91 (1989), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pulmonary macrophages in pre- and postnatal rats were examined histochemically with a battery of peroxidase labeled lectins. Among them, Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin I-B4 (GSA I-B4) which binds specifically to terminal α-galactose showed selective affinity in lung for the monocyte-macrophage line. These cells were demonstrable with GSA I-B4 from the 14th day of gestation through the adult. Extension to the ultrastructural level showed strong selective binding of this lectin to the surface of the plasmalemma and inner face of membranes limiting phagosomes in macrophages. At day 14 of gestation, monocytelike cells positive with GSA I-B4 were scattered in various organs including lung. The lectin reactive cells in lung increased in number and size with development, infiltrating the interstitium through day 20 of gestation and then also entering the alveolar space. These findings suggest that GSA I-B4 recognizes a surface glycoconjugate characteristic of the pulmonary monocyte-macrophage line. Such selective lectin affinity offers a marker for detecting the pulmonary macrophages and examining their kinetics by light and electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501913
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin histochemistry of nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumour) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 17 (1985), S. 1091-1110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Paraffin sections of seven cases of nephroblastoma and one case of clear cell sarcoma were stained with a battery of eleven lectins conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Lectin staining revealed similarities between blastema and stroma with respect to their content of glycoconjugates whereas blastema and epithelial cells exhibited major differences. In general, blastema and stroma contained glycoconjugates with terminal or penultimate β-galactose, glycoconjugates having either biantennary or triantennary N-linked sugar chains or both, sialoglycoconjugates, and occasionally glycogen. Epithelial cells also showed these complex carbohydrates but stained additionally for terminal disaccharide galactose-(β1→3)-N-acetylgalactosamine, terminal α-galactose and terminal α-N-acetylgalactosamine. Furthermore, staining with three fucose-binding lectins revealed that the linkage between terminal α-fucose residues to the constituent oligosaccharide chains varied between epithelial cells, blastema and stroma. In general, the distribution and content of glycoconjugates in tumour cells comprising clear cell sarcoma resembled that in blastema and stroma of nephroblastoma. Other findings included differences in content of glycosubstance between cuboidal and columnar cells within the same tumour. Also observed were variations between a primary tumour and its metastasis with respect to the occurrence of certain complex carbohydrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01002535
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin histochemistry of complex carbohydrates in human cervix (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 17 (1985), S. 627-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Complex carbohydrates in the human cervix were studied histochemically using lectins, conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and correlated procedures. Stratified squamous epithelium of the exocervix and columnar epithelium of the endocervix in some, but not all specimens showed staining for terminal α-N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, α-d-galactose, β-d-galactose and α-l-fucose. the staining for α-N-acetylgalactosamine and α-galactose, the terminal sugars in blood group A and B antigens respectively, corresponded to a large extent with ABO blood type. One exception was the lack of staining for terminal α-N-acetylgalactosamine in endocervical secretions in three of nine blood type A patients. A second exception was the staining for terminal α-galactose in endocervical secretions in about half of blood type O and A specimens. The type and amount of glycoprotein formed by endocervical columnar cells differed according to location in superficial compared with deep portions of the glands and according to location at the junction with exocervix compared with the more internal regions. Staining of endothelial cells for blood group A and B antigens was confined to subjects of blood type A and B respectively, although three of nine type A specimens showed no lectin reactivity for group, A antigen. Endothelial cells evidenced affinity forUlex europeus I agglutinin demonstrative of fucose in all specimens. Mast cells disclosed lectin affinity consistent with the presence of terminal or internal mannose orN-acetylglucosamine residues. Two blood type O specimens were examined with conjugated lectins at the ultrastructural level. Secretory granules stained for content of terminal α-galactose, β-galactose and fucose. These results support and concur with biochemical studies of complex carbohydrates in human cervical tissues. They reveal, in addition, the location of the blood group antigens in the human exocervix and endocervix and the marked heterogeneity among endocervical columnar cells in glycoprotein production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01003516
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin histochemistry of the embryonic heart: Fucose-specific lectin binding sites in developing rats and chicks (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 184 (1989), S. 76-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glycoconjugates, particularly their sugar side chains, play important roles in embryonic development. Changes in cell-surface-associated glyco-conjugates are known to affect cell differentiation, cellular interactions, and other developmental phenomena during embryogenesis. The embryonic heart goes through a series of complicated morphologic events during development. Of particular interest is morphogenesis of the outflow tract. This region of the embryonic heart originates from more than one cell population and undergoes a complex process of septation during formation of the great vessels. Histochemi-cal analysis with a series of fucose-specific lectins conjugated to horseradish peroxidase has revealed the presence of a fucosylated glycoconjugate in the outflow tract of the developing heart. The results reveal further that the expression of the fucosylated glycoconjugate is stage-dependent and thus probably genetically regulated. The timing and distribution of staining with the lectin OFA suggest that this fucosylated glycocoiyu-gate may play a role in directing the migration of neural crest cells into the heart and subsequent formation of the conus septum.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001840109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin histochemistry of the embryonic heart: Expression of terminal and penultimate galactose residues in developing rats and chicks (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 184 (1989), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rat embryos at days 10-18 of gestation and chicken embryos at days 3-6 of incubation were fixed and processed for lectin histochemistry. The distribution of binding sites for a lectin from the peanut Arachis hypogaea (PNA) conjugated to horseradish per-oxidase (HRP) was determined on tissue sections both before and after enzymatic cleavage of sialic acid with neuraminidase (sialidase). Endocardial cushion tissue in the rat, but not in the chick, reacted with PNA-HRP prior to digestion with sialidase. Endocardium of both species (12 and 13 days in rat, 5 and 6 days in chick), particularly at the level of endocardial cushions, reacted strongly with the sialidase-PNA sequence; this staining decreased markedly after day 14 of gestation in the rat. PNA binding sites capped by sialic acid were most abundant in the developing rat heart during the critical period of endocardial cushion formation and decreased as development proceeded. The marked changes in the appearance and distribution of cardiac cell and tissue glycoconjugates during cardiogenesis support the concept that rapid changes occur in the structure of complex carbohydrates during embryonic and fetal development. The findings also suggest that such glycosylation-related events may be species specific.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001840110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postembedment staining of complex carbohydrates: Influence of fixation and embedding procedures (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 17-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Complex carbohydrates ; Glycoconjugates ; Lectins ; Histochemistry ; Cytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In recent years technological advancements have led to improvements in ultrastructural cytochemical methods for localizing and characterizing complex carbohydrates. In particular the introduction of lectins with specific affinities for various sugars and sugar sequences as histochemical probes has increased knowledge concerning the cellular and subcellular distribution of glycoconjugates. Development of nonepoxy-based embedding materials has provided increased sensitivity compared to the earlier less specific methods and the current lectin methods for localizing sugar moieties. Postembedment staining based on the reactivity of functional groups present in sugars, such as hydroxyl groups, vicinal diol groups, carboxyl groups, and sulfate esters, requires specific conditions for tissue fixation and embedding. The same requirements pertain to staining based on lectin binding. The influence of fixation and embedment using older and newly developed embedding mixtures on the ultrastructural demonstration of complex carbohydrates is considered in this discussion. Fixation with osmium tetroxide and embedment in epoxy resins provides the least sensitive combination for the detection of the reactive groups of complex carbohydrates. The best ultrastructural demonstration of glycoconjugates is achieved when nonosmicated tissues are embedded in nonepoxy resins.
    Additional Material: 35 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060050103
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