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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved D-band luminescence in strain-relieved SiGe/Si (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1889-1891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Temporal decay characteristics of dislocation-related luminescence bands (D1–D4) were explored in strain-relieved epitaxial SiGe/Si(100). Close similarity of the decay profiles was observed not only between D1 and D2 bands but also between D3 and D4 bands. The decay transients of the D1 and D2 bands at low temperatures are characterized by long decay times, τ(approximately-greater-than)200 ns, whereas the D3 and D4 bands exhibit even sharper transients with τ〈60 ns. Temperature dependence of "radiative'' lifetimes implies a free-to-bound nature of the D1 and D2 bands, while a bound-to-bound character of the luminescence origins for the D3, D4 bands. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116284
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of electrical properties of epitaxial SrTiO3 films on Si(001)-2×1 by in situ annealing (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 3213-3217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the formation of a high-quality SrTiO3 (STO) film on a Si surface which is an appropriate buffer film for fabricating high-Tc superconductor devices on Si by molecular beam epitaxy. The STO films with thicknesses of 1300–6700 Å are grown on a SrO buffer layer with a thickness of 100 Å on Si(001)-2×1 in ∼10−8 Torr. The growth temperatures for the STO films and SrO layer are 500 and 400 °C, respectively. The as-grown STO films are insufficiently oxidized regarding the Ti–O bond which is confirmed by the observation of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, although in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction spectroscopy and ex situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal a high-quality crystalline structure. The in situ postannealing for the as-grown STO films is performed at 500–900 °C for 60 min in an oxygen atmosphere of 1×10−6 Torr. The heat treatment promotes the oxidation of STO films and results in a high resistivity of 109–1011 Ω cm and a dielectric constant of 130 at 100 kHz at room temperature. The films consist of large grains with 150–200 nm diameter on the surface in the image of atomic force microscopy. The heat treatment does not prominently affect the crystallinity of STO films in the XRD patterns. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371192
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the carbon acceptor concentration on the photoquenching and following enhancement of the photoacoustic signals of semi-insulating GaAs (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7567-7574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The spectral and the time dependent piezoelectric photoacoustic (PPA) measurements under the continuous light illumination were carried out at 85 K to investigate nonradiative recombination processes involving EL2 defect levels in carbon concentration controlled and not intentionally doped semi-insulating (SI) GaAs. The decrease of the PPA signal due to the photoquenching effect of EL2 is observed for a short period of illumination in the photon energy region from 1.0 to 1.3 eV. Since almost all of the carbon acceptors are compensated by deep donor EL2 in SI GaAs, electron occupancy of EL2 level can be controlled by changing the carbon acceptor concentration. It is found that the photoquenching becomes drastic with increasing the carbon concentration. After fully photoquenching, the PPA signal increases again through a local minimum by the continuous light illumination and finally exceeds the initial value before illumination until the saturation level is reached. The deep donor level EL6 and its metastable state are proposed. EL6 level donates electrons to compensate a part of carbon acceptors after EL20 to EL2* transition is accomplished. The nonradiative recombination through this level generates the PPA signal. Since the PPA measurement can detect lower concentration of EL6 than that of EL2, the higher sensitivity of the PPA measurements than the optical absorption measurements is pointed out. The usefulness of the PPA technique for studying the nonradiative transition through deep levels in semiconductors is also suggested. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365300
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)-GH-Somatic Growth and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)RH-LH-Ovarian Axes in Adult Female Transgenic Mice Expressing Human GH Gene (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have examined alterations in the hypothalamo-pituitary GH-somatic growth axis and the hypothalamo-pituitary LH-ovarian axis in a line of transgenic ICR mice expressing human GH (hGH) under the influence of the whey acid protein promoter. Transgenic female mice weighed twice as much as control females and were infertile. The size of the anterior pituitary (AP) was that of the controls. In transgenic mice, acinar cells in the mammary and mandibular glands displayed hGH-immunoreactivity, and plasma hGH was detected by radioimmunoassay. In the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of transgenic females, the immunoreactive-GHRH level was decreased (P〈0.01). There was a corresponding reduction in the number of GHRH-immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and in the immunostaining of GHRH nerve terminals in the median eminence. The level of somatostatin (SRIH) in the MBH was increased (P〈0.05), and SRIH-immunoreactive neurons in the periventricular nucleus (PeV) were increased in size and number in transgenic mice. The MBH level of LHRH in transgenic animals was greater (P〈0.01) than in controls, although there was no apparent difference in the number of LHRH-immunoreactive neurons or in LHRH level in the preoptic area. There are fewer SRIH- and LHRH-immunoreactive neurons in the ARC in transgenic mice. Cells in the AP for GH, PRL, and LH were fewer in transgenic mice. The ovary suffered disturbance of follicular development and of corpora lutea formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.1997.00612.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical examination of the distribution of macrophages and CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in induced rat periapical lesions (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 13 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To clarify the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the development of periapical lesions, we examined the distribution of GGRP-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers and macrophages, and the behavior of bone tissues in experimentally induced rat periapical lesions by immunohistochemical and quantitative methods. Although no extensive changes were observed at 7 days after pulp exposure, CGRP-IR nerve fibers increased in number until 28 days with a decrease thereafter. These neural changes were closely correlated with the alteration in number of macrophages except on day 7 when macrophages were significantly increased in number as compared with control rats. Tissue repair began to take place and a decrease in number of osteoclasts was observed when the density of CGRP-IR nerve fibers reached a peak. These results suggested that there might be a close relationship between macrophages and CGRP-IR nerve fibers and that CGRP-IR nerve fibers might participate in tissue repair in experimentally induced rat periapical lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1997.tb00002.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipopolysaccharides from periodontal pathogens prime neutrophils for enhanced respiratory burst: differential effect of a synthetic lipid a Precursor IVA(LA-14-PP) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 30 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When neutrophils are incubated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), they become primed for enhanced release of superoxide anion (O2−) in response to stimulation by FMLP. We investigated the human neutrophil-priming activity of LPS from the periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in comparison with that of LPS from Escherichia coli (E. coli). The optimum conditions for LPS to prime neutrophils were assessed for every LPS and found to be as follows: Neutrophils were incubated with LPS in the presence of 10% heat-inactivated plasma and 1 mM EDTA at 37°C for 30 min and then stimulated with 1 μM FMLP at 37°C for 7 min. Under these conditions, half-maximum priming was observed at 6.2 ng/ml Pg-LPS, 45 ng/ml Pi-LPS, 1.5 ng/ml Aa-LPS and 1.5 ng/ ml E. coli-LPS. The priming activity of each LPS was neutralized by polymyxin B. Anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody inhibited priming by all LPS. The priming by Aa-LPS and E. coli-LPS was inhibited by LA-14-PP, a synthetic lipid A precursor IVA, but that by Pg-LPS and Pi-LPS was not. Priming by tumor necrosis factor alpha was not affected by polymyxin B, anti-CD14 antibody or LA-14-PP. Gelation of Limulus amebocyte lysate occured at 10 pg/ml Pg-LPS, 30 pg/ml Pi-LPS, 3 pg/ml Aa-LPS and 3 pg/ml E. coli-LPS. Thus LPS from different periodontal pathogens primed neutrophils with different efficacy. The difference in the sensitivity to LA-14-PP among the four LPS tested raises the possibility that the mechanism of host response to Pg-LPS or Pi-LPS may be different from that to Aa-LPS or E. coli-LPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01260.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori: influence of resistant strains on treatment outcome (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 13 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : There have been no reports concerning the efficacy and safety of a 1-week quadruple therapy regimen of omeprazole, amoxycillin, roxithromycin and metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori infections and the impact of primary resistance on the eradication rate.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: One hundred and sixty-nine consecutive patients with peptic ulcer disease as well as gastritis with biopsy-proven H. pylori infection were entered into an open study of omeprazole 20 mg o.m., amoxycillin 500 mg t.d.s., roxithromycin 150 mg b.d., and metronidazole 250 mg t.d.s. Helicobacter pylori status was determined by urease test, histology and culture. Susceptibility to amoxycillin, metronidazole and roxithromycin was determined by the E-test.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: H. pylori was eradicated in 155 out of 169 (92%; 95% CI 88–96%) by intention-to-treat analysis, and in 155 out of 163 (95%; 95% CI 92–98%) by per protocol analysis. The prevalence of primary resistance against amoxycillin, roxithromycin and metronidazole was 2 out of 166 (1%), 16 out of 166 (10%) and 27 out of 166 (16%), respectively. H. pylori was eradicated in 25 out of 27 (93%) patients with metronidazole-resistant strains compared with 130 out of 136 (96%) in patients with metronidazole-sensitive strains of H. pylori. It was eradicated in 15 out of 16 (94%) patients with roxithromycin-resistant strains while in 140 out of 147 (95%) patients with roxithromycin-sensitive strains of H. pylori, and in two out of two (100%) patients with amoxycillin-resistant stains compared with 153 out of 161 (95%) in patients with amoxycillin-sensitive strains. H. pylori was eradicated in three out of four (75%) patients with double resistance against metronidazole and roxithromycin compared with 152 out of 159 (96%) patients with sensitive strains to metronidazole and or roxithromycin. None of these differences were statistically significant. Severe side-effects were found in only one out of 169 patients—anaphylaxis due to penicillin.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions: The 1-week quadruple therapy with omeprazole, amoxycillin, metronidazole and roxithromycin was found to eradicate H. pylori in over 90% of all patients. This regimen was also found to be beneficial for patients with pre-treatment resistant strains to metronidazole, roxithromycin or amoxycillin, and was observed to be safe and well-tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00551.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural study of chromotropic [dibenzofuran]diones by X-ray structure analysis and MO calculation (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768194003848
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulative Vaporization of Phenyl-mercuric Acetate by Mercury-resistant Bacteria (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 217 (1968), S. 644-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Uptake of 203Hg-PMA by mercury-resistant bacteria. The washed cells of the organism (8.8 x 108) were incubated in 1 ml. of 0.02 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 90 p.p.m. PMA. Radioactivity in the whole medium (O), supernatant fluids (?), and cells (?) was assayed. PMA in supernatant ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/217644b0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time Distribution of Immediate Foreshocks Obtained by a Stacking Method (1999)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 155 (1999), S. 381-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Foreshocks, accelerating seismicity, power-law, stacking method, aftershocks.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —We apply a stacking method to investigate the time distribution of foreshock activity immediately before a mainshock. The foreshocks are searched for events with M≥ 3.0 within a distance of 50 km and two days from each mainshock with M≥ 5.0, in the JMA catalog from 1977 through 1997/9/30. About 33% of M≥ 5.0 earthquakes are preceded by foreshocks, and 50–70% in some areas. The relative location and time of three types of representative foreshocks, that is, the largest one, the nearest one to the mainshock in distance, and the nearest one in time, are stacked in reference to each mainshock. The statistical test for stacked time distribution of foreshocks within 30km from and two days before mainshocks shows that the inverse power-law type of a probability density time function is a significantly better fit than the exponential one for all three types of representative foreshocks. Two explanations possibly interpret the results. One is that foreshocks occur as a result of a stress change in the region, and the other one is that a foreshock is the cause of a stress change in the region and it triggers a mainshock. The second explanation is compatible with the relationship between a mainshock and aftershocks, when an aftershock happens to become larger than the mainshock. However the values of exponent of the power law obtained for stacked foreshocks are significantly smaller than those for similarly stacked aftershocks. Therefore the foreshock–mainshock relation should not be explained as a normal aftershock activity. Probably an increase of stress during foreshock activity results in apparently smaller values of the exponent, if the second explanation is the case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050270
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