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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing structures in the rat stomach and their origins using whole mount tissue (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 59 (1984), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The three-dimensional distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactive (VIPLI) structures in rat stomach and their origins were investigated using the indirect immunofluorescence method in whole mounted tissue. The present study demonstrates a very dense VIPLI fiber meshwork in the circular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer and myenteric plexus. In the muscle layers VIPLI immunoreactive fibers run parallel to the muscle. VIPLI fibers are distributed evenly throughout the entire stomach. We have also shown by experimental manipulations that the fibers in the stomach originate from VIPLI neurons in the myenteric plexus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250008
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upregulation of fibroblast growth factor-receptor messenger RNA expression in rat brain following transient forebrain ischemia (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 97 (1993), S. 185-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Fibroblast growth factor receptor ; Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Forebrain ischemia ; Astrocyte ; In situ hybridization ; Hippocampus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, we demonstrated that transient forebrain ischemia in rats leads to an early and strong induction of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) synthesis in astrocytes in the injured brain regions. In this study, in order to clarify the targets of such raised endogenous bFGF levels, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of its receptors (flg and bek) at in the hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion for 20 min was investigated using an in situ hybridization technique. Transient forebrain ischemia induced an increase in the number of flg mRNA-positive cells from an early stage (24 h after ischemia) in the hippocampal CA1 subfield where delayed neuronal death occurred later (48–72 h after ischemia). This increase became more marked with the progression of neuronal death and was still evident in the same area 30 days later. The time course of the appearance and distribution pattern of flg mRNA-positive cells in the CA1 subfield were quite similar to those of bFGF mRNA-positive cells. On the other hand, in situ hybridization for bek mRNA showed only slight and transient (observed 72 h and 5 days after ischemia) increases in the number of mRNA-positive cells in the CA1 subfield following ischemia. The use of in situ hybridization and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry in combination demonstrated that the cells in the CA1 subfield that exhibited ischemia-induced flg or bek mRNA expression were astrocytes. These data indicate that transient forebrain ischemia induces upregulation of fibroblast growth factor-receptor expression, accompanied by increased bFGF expression in astrocytes, and suggest that the increased astrocytic bFGF levels in injured brain regions act on the astrocytes via autocrine systems and are involved in the development and maintenance of astrocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228688
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity and its mRNA level in rat brain following transient forebrain ischemia (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 90 (1992), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Forebrain ischemia ; Astrocyte ; Immunoreactivity ; mRNA level ; Hippocampus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the time course of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) immunoreactivity and its mRNA level mainly in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia using immunohistochemistry, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Western blot analysis and in situ hybridization. Neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 subfield was observed 72 h after 20 min of ischemia. The number of bFGF-immunoreactive(IR) cells increased 48 h–5 days after ischemia in all hippocampal regions. At 10 and 30 days, the bFGF-IR cells in the CA1 subfield had further increased in numbers and altered their morphology, enlarging and turning into typical reactive astrocytes with the advancing neuronal death in that area. In contrast, the number of bFGF-IR cells in other hippocampal regions had decreased 30 days after ischemia. The EIA study showed a drastic increase in bFGF levels in the hippocampus 48 h after ischemia (150% of that in normal rat) which was followed by further increases. In Western blot analysis, three immunoreactive bands whose molecular weights correspond to 18, 22 and 24 kDa were observed in normal rat and ischemia increased all their immunoreactivities. In the in situ hybridization study of the hippocampus, bFGF mRNA positive cells were observed in the CA1 subfield in which many bFGF-IR cells existed after ischemia. These data demonstrate that transient forebrain ischemia leads to an early and strong induction of bFGF synthesis in astrocytes, suggesting that the role of bFGF is related to the function of the reactive astrocytes which appear following brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229250
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ascending and descending components of the medial forebrain bundle in the rat as demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase-blue reaction (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 377-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Medial forebrain bundle ; Ascending components ; Descending components ; HRP ; Sensitive substrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ascending and descending components of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) were investigated by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with a sensitive substrate. The HRP was injected iontophoretically into the MFB at various levels from the anterior commissure to the posterior hypothalamus. In order to prevent the diffusion of HRP to other brain areas, a double micropipette system was used. The descending components of the MFB are derived from (1) the anterior cingulate area, infra- or prelimbic area, and sulcal cortex, (2) the lateral septal nucleus and diagonal band, (3) the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, (4) the paraventricular nucleus (5) the substantia innominata, (6) the amygdaloid complex (AM), (7) the ventromedial (VM) and dorsomedial (DM) hypothalamic nuclei, (8) the entopeduncular nucleus and (9) nucleus periventricularis stellatocellularis. The ascending components of the MFB originate in: (1) the medial preoptic nucleus, (2) the nucleus periventricularis stellatocellularis and rotundocellularis, (3) the posterior hypothalamic nucleus, (4) the parafascicular nucleus, (5) the ventral premammillary nucleus, (6) the substantia grisea periventricularis, (7) the lateral habenular nucleus, (8) the VM and DM, (9) the paratenial nucleus, (10) the AM and (11) the arcuate nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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