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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 193-202 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome ; Children ; Morphometry ; Mesangial hypercellularity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal biopsies from 25 children with steroid-sensitive minimal change nephrotic syndrome were evaluated retrospectively to determine whether there is any relation between the morphological changes and the frequency of relapses. Biopsy material was examined by light-, immunofluorescence-, and electron microscopy, and by morphometric methods. The patients were divided in a group of 15 children with frequent relapses (FR) and another group of 10 children with an absence of, or only infrequent, relapses (NR/IR). Semiquantitative evaluation of biopsy specimens disclosed no significant differences between groups, but morphometric measurements performed on toluidine stained semithin sections showed a significant increase of mesangial nuclei in FR compared with NR/IR (P〈0.01). Furthermore, the mean area of mesangial nuclei was decreased and the relative frequency of smaller nuclear profiles was higher in patients with FR compared to NR/IR (p〈0.01). These findings suggest mesangial cell activation in FR which may be related to a longer course of the disease prior to renal biopsy (mean 4.0 years in FR vs. 1.4 years in NR/IR). In our opinion, morphometric assessment of discrete mesangial alterations is a promising method for exploring clinicopathological correlations in minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fetal alcohol syndrome ; Rat ; Liquid diet ; Cerebellum ; Purkinje cells ; Rough endoplasmic reticulum ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alcohol was administed in a vitaminsupplemented liquid diet (Stardit) to Wistar rats 4 weeks before mating and during pregnancy. Of the daily calories 38–40% were supplied by alcohol and by isocaloric sucrose in the controls. Offspring of alcohol drinking dams showed a reduced birth weight and gained weight less rapidly than the controls. On day 3, 4, 7, 12, 17 and 21, experimental animals and controls were perfused for histological and electron microscopic investigations. Morphometric analysis of the cerebella (Fol. 5 and Fol. 8) showed no difference in the number of Purkinje cells. However, on day 7 the Purkinje cell nuclei of experimental pups were significantly smaller. This difference disappeared at day 12. Electron microscopic investigations in the 4, 7, and 12 days old experimental animals revealed a delayed cytoplasmic maturation of Purkinje cells which mainly involved the rough endoplasmic reticulum. At 17 days, there was no difference between the two groups. These data are discussed in relation to alcohol-induced metabolic changes in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Experimental thrombosis ; Early transformation processes ; Fibrin ; Platelets ; Viscous metamorphosis ; Time-dependent morphological changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In unserer ultrastrukturell durchgeführten Studie wurden Thromben in der Arteria carotis communis von Ratten nach einer zuerst von Meng und Seuter (1977) beschriebenen Methode experimentell erzeugt. Induktion der Thrombusbildung erfolgte in vivo durch Unterkühlung eines kleinen Gefäßabschnittes unter konstantem Druck und kurzfristiger Stase. Eine Änderung des Blutflusses wurde durch einen Silberclip erzeugt. Die geschädigten Gefäßsegmente einschließlich der Thromben bzw. deren Vorstufen wurden nach 5, 10, 30 min und 1, 4 und 24 h nach der Thrombosestimulation entnommen und fixiert. Semidünnschnitte und Ultradünnschnitte wurden im Licht- und Elektronenmikroskop morphologisch untersucht. Den Transformationsvorgängen im Thrombus konnten exakte Zeitmarken zugeordnet werden. Als wichtigstes histopathologisches Merkmal für die Altersbestimmung arterieller Thromben in der Frühphase der Thrombogenese werteten wir die Querstreifung der Fibrinfasern. Diese trat bereits nach 5 min auf, erreichte nach 30 min ein Maximum und verschwand als Folge der zunehmenden Verdichtung der Fasern nach einer Stunde. Nach 4 h sahen wir eine weitgehende Retraktion der Fibrinfasern, die nach 24 h zur Bildung des Fibrinfasergerüstes mit Einmauerung korpuskulärer Elemente führte. Überdies beobachteten wir zwei Thrombocytenaggregate von differenter Struktur. Wir unterschieden ein fibrinarmes Aggregat, in dem die Thrombocyten dichtgepackt und pseudopodienreich erschienen von einem thrombocytenarmen Aggregat mit reichlich interponierten Fibrinfasern. Die nach 5 min im Zentrum des Thrombus auftretende Agglutination der Plättchen im thrombocytenreichen Aggregat führte nach 30 min zur Thrombocytorrhexis und ergab daher einen weiteren Anhalt für die Altersbestimmung des Coagulum. Der entstandene celluläre Abraum stimulierte mononucleäre Zellen und Leukocyten zur Phagocytose. Daher sahen wir nach 4 h eine massive Leukocytose als Folge der frühen Thrombocytorrhexis. Nach 24 h war die „viscöse Metamorphose“ im fibrinreichen und fibrinararmen Aggregat weitgehend abgeschlossen. Innerhalb des beobachteten Zeitraumes entstand eine Verballung und bizarre Deformierung der Erythrocyten, die bereits nach 5 min vom Zentrum des Thrombus ausging und nach 24 h die Peripherie erreichte. Eine Hämolyse der Erythrocyten war nach dieser Zeit noch nicht erkennbar.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of thrombi were carried out on the common carotid artery of the rat using a method first described by Meng and Seuter (1977). Induction of thrombus formation in vivo was achieved by chilling of a small vessel segment under constant pressure and short-termed stasis. Disturbance of the blood flow was produced by a silver clip. The damaged vessel segments with the thrombotic deposits were removed 5, 10, 30 min, and 1, 4 and 24 h after stimulation of thrombosis. They were fixed and samples were studied as semithin and ultrathin sections morphologically using light and electronmicroscopy. In the maturation of thrombi exact time intervals could be determined. The most important histopathological characteristics for age determination of arterial thrombi in the early period of thrombogenesis were the cross stripes of fibrin fibres. They appeared after 5 min, reaching a maximum after 10 min and disappeared as a result of increasing fibre density after 1 h. After 4 h nearly complete retraction of fibrin fibres was found which led after 24 h to the formation of a corresponding frame walling in the corpuscular elements. Apart from this aggregation of thrombocytes, which were of two different types were observed, one showing a fibrin-poor aggregate in which the thrombocytes appeared densely packed with numerous pseudopods, and one showing a thrombocyte poor aggregate with abundant interposed fibrin fibres. Agglutination of platelets which occurred in the thrombocyte-rich aggregate in the centre of the thrombus after 5 min led to thrombocytorrhexis after 30 min. The resulting cellular waste stimulated phagocytosis by mononuclear cells and leucocytes. Because of this a massive leucocytosis was found as a result of the early thrombocytorrhexis after 4 h. After 24 h the “viscous metamorphosis” in the fibrin-rich and in the fibrin-poor aggregate was largely completed. Clumping and deformation of erythrocytes was observed in the middle of the thrombus after 5 min and at the periphery of the thrombus after 24 h. Haemolysis did not occur within this time interval.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: myocardium ; ethanol ; ultrastructure ; morphometry ; capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Männliche Kaninchen wurden 3 Wochen lang mit Äthanol gefüttert. 10 ml einer 20%igen Äthanollösung wurden täglich mit einer Schlundsonde verabreicht. Die makroskopische, mikroskopische und ultrastrukturelle Untersuchung der Herzen ergab keine eindeutigen strukturellen Veränderungen. Morphometrisch waren die Endothelzellen der Kapillaren verändert, während die Muskelzellen keine abnormen quantitativen Parameter aufwiesen. Die Daten zeigen, daß die numerische Dichte der Endothelzellen erhöht ist, während die Volumendichte nicht signifikant verändert ist. Diesen Typus eines quantitativen Reaktionsmusters kann man als „Proliferation” charakterisieren. Die Proliferation beruht möglicherweise auf Äthanol-induzierten metabolischen Veränderungen, die denen bei chronischer Hypoxie ähnlich sind. Andererseits gibt es Anhaltspunkte dafür, daß die Reaktion Teil einer allgemeinen Mesenchymaktivierung nach Alkoholgabe ist, die in verschiedenen Organen beobachtet werden kann. Die Veränderung entspricht wahrscheinlich der frühen Phase einer Kapillarproliferation.
    Notes: Summary Male rabbits were fed with ethanol for 3 weeks. 10 ml of a 20% ethanol solution were applied daily with a stomach tube. The macroscopic, histologic and ultrastructural investigation of the hearts did not reveal any structural alterations. Morphometrically, the endothelial cells of the capillaries were changed, whereas the muscle cells did not show any abnormalities. The quantitative data indicate that the numerical density of endothelial cells is increased, whereas the volume density is not changed. This type of quantitative reaction pattern may be characterized as “proliferation” of endothelial cells. The proliferation is possibly related to ethanol-induced metabolic changes similar to chronic hypoxia. On the other hand, there is some evidence that the alteration is part of a general activation of mesenchymal cells in various organs after ethanol ingestion. The alteration is probably an early stage of the proliferation of capillaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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