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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin receptors ; acanthosis nigricans ; insulin resistance ; insulin receptor autoantibodies ; Type A patients ; Type B patients ; negative cooperativity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report analyzes the in vitro characteristics of 125I-insulin binding to the monocytes of nine patients with the syndromes of acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance. The 3 Type A patients (without demonstrable autoantibodies to the insulin receptor) had decreased binding of insulin due to a decreased concentration of receptors. In these patients the residual receptors demonstrated normal dissociation kinetics, negative cooperativity, and were blocked by anti-receptor antibodies in a manner similar to normal cells. In contrast, monocytes from the 6 Type B patients (with circulating anti-receptor autoantibodies) had decreased binding of insulin due to a decrease in receptor affinity. Insulin binding to monocytes of Type B patients demonstrated accelerated rates of dissociation with no evidence of cooperative interactions among insulin receptors. When coupled with previous data, the present studies further suggest that different mechanisms account for the defects in insulin binding and insulin resistance observed in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 268-273 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Central nervous system ; CNS peptides ; insulin receptors ; insulin ; experimental diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary While insulin effects on the central nervous system (CNS) mediated through hypoglycaemia are well known, direct insulin effects on the CNS remain controversial. Recently, we found insulin receptors in all areas of the rat brain, with highest concentrations in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex and hypothalamus; all areas involved in feeding. Insulin receptors in brain were, by multiple criteria, similar to insulin receptors on classical target tissues for insulin, such as liver and fat. Insulin itself has been identified in the rat brain at concentrations on average ten times higher than in plasma. Highest concentrations were found in the olfactory bulb and hypothalamus. Brain insulin was indistinguishable from purified insulin by its behaviour in the radioimmunoassay, radioreceptor assay, bioassay and gel chromatography. In two experimental models representing extremes of plasma insulin concentrations (obese hyperinsulinaemic mice and diabetic insulinopenic rats) there were no significant changes in the concentration of insulin receptors in brain while liver receptors were modified in the expected way. This may reflect the protective influence of the blood-brain barrier or some special quality of brain insulin receptors. Insulin concentrations in brain were also unchanged in both models, which is probably indicative of the local synthesis of insulin. The role of insulin in the CNS is unknown. Besides well known metabolic actions of insulin, new roles can be postulated such as neurotransmission, neuromodulation and paracrine signalling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin antibodies ; insulin structure ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study, we attempted to define possible subpopulations of antibodies which theoretically could be directed against evolutionarily conserved regions of the insulin molecule in sera from insulin-treated diabetic patients using a variety of labelled and unlabelled insulins which differ widely in structure but are very similar in functional properties. Ten high titre human insulin antisera from patients treated with mixed beef-pork insulin were examined. All sera were found to bind 125I-pork insulin better than labelled chicken insulin which bound better than labelled fish insulin. Detailed studies were conducted with four of the antisera using the pork and fish tracers. With two of the antisera, a subpopulation of antibody could be detected with 125I-fish insulin which had similar affinity for both fish and pork insulin, but reacted much less well with guinea pig insulin and the desoctapeptide derivative of porcine insulin. Based on the known properties of these four insulins, the data provide suggestive evidence consistent with the hypothesis that there are subpopulations of antibodies recognizing regions on the insulin molecule that are well conserved, possibly the region involved in the formation of insulin dimers or receptor binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 44 (1982), S. 639-651 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 296 (1982), S. 651-653 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The rat liver cell line KLTRYPV16 (provided by Dr G. Vergani) was maintained in monolayer culture as described elsewhere17. The cells were incubated with gold-labelled toxins as described in Fig. 1 legend, then washed three times with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and either immediately ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 75 (1982), S. 209-213 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific antibodies against human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isozyme C were used to determine the ultrastructural localization of this enzyme in the collecting ducts of rat kidney. Using a pre-embedding labeling technique, carbonic anhydrase C was found in the cytoplasm of intercalated cells, whereas the principal cells were negative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20 N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Angular differential and total sputtering yields of polycrystalline nickel and tungsten have been measured for 1 and 4 keV H+ and 4 keV He+ ion bombardment at incidence angles between 0° and 80°. The differential sputtering yields (dY/dΩ) were determined with the aid of the collector technique, whereas the total yieldY was determined from the weight loss of the target during irradiation. Asymmetric angular distributions are observed at oblique angles of incidence, the emission maximum being shifted in forward direction (with respect to the incident ions). Even more pronounced than the change in shape of the emission distribution is an increase in the differential yield:dY/dΩ rises with increasing incidence angle over the whole range of ejection angles, the increase being most prominent in the direction of primary recoil emission. This effect is therefore ascribed to emission of surface atoms in direct projectile-surface atom collisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 1 (1981), S. 117-127 
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: Advanced fuels ; wall loading ; plasma reactivity ; high beta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates the effect of wall loading limitations and choice of plasma stability index beta on the feasibility of advanced fuel fusion reactors. Two new conceptual tools are introduced to facilitate this analysis: the “effective reactivity,” which includes all of the reaction-relevant parameters that determine the fusion power density, and the “critical radius,” which is the maximum allowable minor radius of a fusion reactor, beyond which the power generated in the plasma will exceed allowable loadings of radiant energy or neutrons on the first wall. It is shown that if high beta (greater than 0.2) fusion reactors are feasible, the high reactivity of the DT reaction cannot be fully exploited because of wall loading limitations. In addition, some high beta reactors with advanced fuels are also found to be wall loading limited, and to have excess reactivity, which can be traded off for lower magnetic fields, longer particle containment times, etc. Under certain circumstances, the reduced materials problems associated with some advanced fuels may outweigh the reactivity advantage of the DT reaction, and make one of them the reaction of choice for high beta fusion reactors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 315 (1983), S. 618-628 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das erstmals von Cady u. Siegwarth [1] beschriebene Verfahren zur Trennung und Identifizierung empfindlicher flüchtiger Substanzen durch „Codestillation“ konnte durch die Konstruktion einer mittels eines Temperaturprogrammes gesteuerten Apparatur und durch Verwendung einer Gow-Mac-Gasdichtewaage als Detektor zu einer reproduzierbar arbeitenden Methode entwickelt werden. Mittels der im Detail beschriebenen Anlage lassen sich nicht nur Dampfdrücke und die sich hieraus ergebenden thermodynamischen Daten, sondern auch Stoffmengen und molare Massen bestimmen. Überdies können Informationen über das ideale oder nicht ideale Verhalten tief siedender Flüssigkeiten (Azeotropbildung) und die Bildung von Molekülassoziaten erhalten werden.
    Notes: Summary A method for the separation and identification of small amounts of volatile substances by a carrier-gas volatilization technique, previously reported by Cady and Siegwarth [1], has been improved by the development of an apparatus which permits to conduct the volatilization with high reproducibility and at constant temperatures. The composition of the evaporating gas mixtures is recorded by a Gow-Mac gas density balance. The new technique allows the evaluation of vapour pressures, thermodynamic data of vaporization, molar masses, the separation of subliming and distilling mixtures, and gives information on the ideal or non-ideal behaviour of low boiling mixtures (formation of azeotropes). Finally, molecular complexes can be recognized and characterized thermodynamically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 319 (1984), S. 910-914 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Trennverfahren der quantitativen Codestillation und Cosublimation ist zur Untersuchung von Schwefel-Fluor-Verbindungen eingesetzt worden, die vorwiegend Schwefel in niedriger Oxidationsstufe enthalten. Die neue Technik, die sich ideal für die Analyse luftempfindlicher und korrosiver Gasmischungen eignet, ermöglichte die Trennung kleiner Stoffmengen von SOF2, SSF2, FSSF und SF3SF durch Destillation und die Charakterisierung dieser Stoffe durch ihre Dampfdrücke sowie die sich daraus ergebenden thennodynamischen Daten der Verdampfung bei sehr niedrigen Drücken. Mischungen aus SF3SF und FSSF sowie FSSF und SSF2 verhalten sich beim Sieden ideal, SSF2 und SF4 bilden ein azeotropes Gemisch mit SF4 im Überschuß. SF6 kann von den weniger flüchtigen Schwefelfluoriden durch Cosublimation leicht abgetrennt werden und als Standard für die Bestimmung von Stoffmengen und molaren Massen durch Verflüchtigung im Stickstoff- und Argonstrom dienen. Die Auswertung der Daten, die bei der Sublimation des Trifluorosulfoniumtetrafluoroborates, SF 3 + BF 4 − im Cady-Rohr erhalten wurden, bewiesen, daß die Flüchtigkeit dieser Verbindung auf ihre Dissoziation in SF4 und BF3 zurückzuführen ist.
    Notes: Summary The separation concept of quantitative codistillation and cosublimation has been used to investigate sulfur fluorine compounds with sulfur in a lower oxidation state. The new technique, which is ideally suited to analyse air sensitive and corrosive gas mixtures, enabled the separation of small quantities of SOF2, SF4, SSF2, FSSF and SF3SF by distillation, and to characterize these compounds through their vapour pressures and thermodynamic data of vaporization at low pressures. Mixtures of FSSF and SF3SF, and, FSSF and SSF2 behave ideally on boiling, whereas SSF2 and SF4 form an azeotropic system with SF4 in excess. SF6 can easiliy be separated from the less volatile sulfur fluorides by cosublimation and may be used as a standard for the estimation of the amount of substances and molar masses through volatilization in nitrogen and argon. The evaluation of data obtained through the sublimation of trifluorsulfonium tetrafluoroborate in the Cady tube proved that the votalization process is caused by the dissociation of SF 3 + BF 4 − to yield SF4 and BF3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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