Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 593-605 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immunkomplexe ; Makrophagen ; Phagozytose ; Immune Complexes ; Macrophages ; Phagocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Elimination of IC by the phagocytic system occurs mainly by macrophages and contrarotates to the pathogenic effect. Decisive to prevent systemic IC disease is the capacity of the phagocytic system. In the case of its saturation, the danger of the occurrence of IC disease is greatly enhanced. Conclusive evidence seems to exist that IC of extremely small or extremely high lattice structure (precipitates) are less pathogenic than soluble IC of medium network. Small IC in extreme antigen and antibody excess or precipitates exhibit a reduced complement activating potency. Small IC in extreme antigen or antibody excess hardly interact in vitro with membrane receptors and do not induce IC disease when injected or formed in vivo. Highly lattices IC, especially precipitates, are eliminated extremely quickly from the circulation, mainly by macrophages and there deposition in the kidney is significantly reduced. Thus, lack of quality of the antibody to precipitate the antigen and a reduced capacity and effectivity of the phagocytic system to eliminate the IC may be extremely important in the generation of IC diseases. Facing the overwhelming and partly even inconsistant data of this topic, one may doubt whether IC diseases may be regarded to be a defined and coherent disease. Too many variables and questions exist concerning the nature of the antigen, especially in tumor and autoimmune diseases, concerning the quality of the antibody and the characteristics of the pathogenic IC and concerning localization and the elimination process. Nevertheless, common pathophysiological pathways of IC diseases may be recognized.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An der Elimination von IC durch das phagozytierende System sind im wesentlichen die Makrophagen beteiligt. Die Phagozytose von IC läuft den pathogenen Auswirkungen von IC zuwider. Die Kapazität des phagozytierenden Systems ist somit entscheidend für die Verhinderung von systemischen IC-Erkrankungen. Im Falle der Sättigung dieses Systems wächst somit die Gefahr für IC-Erkrankungen. Es scheinen überzeugende Hinweise zu bestehen, daß IC sehr kleinen oder sehr großen Vernetzungsgrades (Präzipitate) weniger pathogen sind als lösliche IC mittlerer Vernetzung. Kleine IC im extremen Antigenoder Antikörperüberschuß oder Präzipitate zeigen eine verminderte Potenz, Komplement zu aktivieren. Kleine lösliche IC im extremen Antigen- oder Antikörperüberschuß treten in vitro kaum mit Membranrezeptoren in Wechselwirkung und verursachen keine IC-Erkrankung, wenn sie injiziert werden oder in vivo sich bilden. Hoch vernetzte IC, besonders Präzipitate, werden extrem schnell aus dem Kreislauf eliminiert, und dies vorwiegend durch Makrophagen. Des weiteren ist ihre Ablagerung in der Niere deutlich vermindert. Somit dürfte ein Mangel des Antikörpers Antigen zu präzipitieren und eine verminderte Kapazität und Wirksamkeit des phagozytierenden Systems IC zu eliminieren außerordentlich entscheidend für die Entstehung von IC-Erkrankungen sein. In Anbetracht der überwältigenden und teilweise sich widersprechenden Daten könnte man bezweifeln, IC-Erkrankungen als eine definierte und einheitliche Erkrankungsgruppe anzusehen. Zu viel Variabilitäten und Fragen bestehen bezüglich der Natur des Antigens, speziell in Tumor- und Autoimmunerkrankungen, betreffend der Qualität des Antikörpers und der Charakteristika der pathogenen IC und bezüglich der Lokalisation und der Elimination. Trotzdem können jedoch Gemeinsamkeiten bei den verschiedenen IC-Erkrankungen erkannt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immune complexes ; i.v.-immunoglobulin preparations ; 7S-IgG ; F(ab')2 ; Fab ; Inflammation ; Side-effects ; Therapy ; Prophylaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies of the IgG class possess antibacterial, antiviral and toxin neutralizing properties and for this reason are administered prophylactically and therapeutically. In the case of the immunoglobulin preparations commercially available for i.v. application a basic distinction must be made between unsplit immunoglobulins and those antibody preparations obtained by enzymatic digestion, such as F(ab')2 or Fab antibodies. This survey deals with the largely experimental evidence describing the biological properties of these preparations. Administration of antibodies in the presence of the corresponding antigens leads to the formation of immune complexes in the organism. These immune complexes can activate, either directly or indirectly, the cellular and humoral systems which are involved in phagocytosis and the elimination of antigens, in the regulation of the body's own antibody production and in inflammatory reactions. As a result of their inability to interact with Fc receptors, immune complexes with F(ab')2 or F(ab) antibodies appear to be less active in the release of inflammation mediators from leucocytes and thrombocytes than immune complexes with unsplit immunoglobulins. These, on the other hand, can antigen-specifically and non-antigenspecifically suppress the immune system which is not the case for immune complexes with F(ba')2 or Fab antibodies. There are indications that these split products also occur in vivo due to the action of tissue and leucocyte proteases. Unlike Fab prcparations, F(ab')2 antibodies have antibacterial and antiviral potencies similar to unsplit immunoglobulins, which is probably due to the ability of F(ab')2 molecules to activate complement, not by the classical but by the alternative pathway. Like Fab preparations, F(ab')2 molecules appear to be superior to unsplit IgG in the elimination of haptens. On account of the relatively long period of time unsplit immunoglobulins remain in the blood, they are well suited for prophylactic treatment and substitution over longer periods. The extent to which indications, obtained predominantly from experimental studies, of a reduced release of inflammation mediators, a lack of immune suppression and a lack of augmentation of IgG catabolism would advocate the use of F(ab')2 split products, especially for therapeutic purposes, can only be ascertained after prospective and comparative studies have been carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 543-550 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immunkomplexe ; Antigen-Antikörper-Wechselwirkung ; Komplement ; Hagemanfaktor ; Immune Complexes ; Antigen-Antibody Interaction ; Complement ; Hageman Factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Immune complexes (IC) may be pathophysiologically active in correlation with the nature and size of the antigen, the type and the quality of the antibody, and the concentration of both. Those parameters are decisive for the composition and the lattice structure of IC. Pathogenic effects are induced: by complement activation and generation of biologically active C′ split products via the classical and the alternative pathway, by interaction with Fc and complement receptors resulting in exocytosis of lysosomal contents including degradative enzymes, cationic proteins, vasoactive amines and mediators effective on lymphocytes and macrophages; by direct and indirect activation of the Hageman factor followed by stimulation of the kinin, coagulation and fibrinolysis system; and by modulation of the immune response via the afferent and the efferent branch. All those mechanisms seem to be involved in the induction of lesions along the vessel wall in the various privileged organs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die pathophysiologische Rolle von Immunkomplexen (IC) ist abhängig von deren Zusammensetzung und Vernetzungsgrad. Entscheidend für diese Parameter sind Art und Größe des Antigens, Klasse und Bindungsqualität des Antikörpers und die Konzentration beider Anteile. Pathogene Auswirkungen der IC werden hervorgerufen - durch Aktivierung von Komplement Über den klassischen und den alternativen Weg und der Bildung von biologisch aktiven Komplementspaltprodukten, - durch Wechselwirkung mit Fc und Komplementrezeptoren, was wiederum zur Exozytose lysosomaler Substanzen inklusiv kataboler Enzyme, kationischer Proteine, vasoaktiver Amine und Mediatoren, wirksam auf Lymphozyten und Makrophagen, führt. - durch direkte und indirekte Aktivierung des Hagemanfaktors, gefolgt von der Stimulation des Kinin-, Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolysesystems, - und durch Beeinflussung der Immunantwort über den afferenten und den efferenten Weg. All diese Mechanismen scheinen an der Entstehung von Läsionen entlang der Gefäßwand in den jeweiligen disponierten Organen beteiligt zu sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...