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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Substituted phenethyl alcohols ; Oxidation ; Chloramine-T ; Kinetics ; Linear free energy relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Oxidation von sechsp-substituierten Phenethylalkoholen (PEA), R=−H, −Cl, −Br, −OCH3 und NO2) mit Natrium-N-chlor-p-toluolsulfonamid (Chloramin-T,CAT) in Gegenwart von HCl bei 35°C wurde untersucht. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit ist in bezug auf [CAT]0 und [H+]0 ester und hinsichtlich [PEA]0 und [Cl]0 gebrochener Ordnung. Variation der Ionenstärke, Zusatz von Reaktionsprodukt oder Toluolsulfonamid und Variation der Dielektrizitätskonstante des Mediums haben keinen Einfluß auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit Der Lösungsmittel-Isotopeneffekt $$k_{H_2 0}^\prime /k_{D_2 0}^\prime $$ beläuft sich auf etwa 0.90. Die Protonenbilanz wurde in H2O-D2O Mischungen untersucht. Die Geschwindigkeiten korrelieren zufriedenstellend nach derHammettschen Beziehung. Die Reaktionskonstante wurde mit ρ=−3.3 für elektronenabgebende und ρ=−0.25 für elektronenanziehende Substituenten bei 35°C bestimmt. Die Aktivierungsparameter ΔH #, ΔG #, ΔG # und logA wurden abgeleitet; ΔH # und ΔS # korrelieren linear, und eine isokinetische Beziehung mit β=166.7K weist auf die Entropie als kontrollierenden Faktor hin.
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of the oxidation of sixp-substituted phenethyl alcohols (PEA, R=−H, −Cl, −Br, −CH3, −OCH3, and -NO2) by sodium-N-chloro-p-toluene sulfonamide (chloramine-T,CAT) in the presence of HCl was studied at 35°C. The rate shows a first order dependence on [CAT]0 and [H+]0 and a fractional order in [PEA]0 and [Cl−]0. Ionic strength variations, addition of reaction product toluene sulfonamide, and variation of the dielectric constant of the medium have no effect on the rate. The solvent isotope effect $$k_{H_2 0}^\prime /k_{D_2 0}^\prime $$ amounts to about 0.90. Proton inventory studies have been made in H2O-D2O mixtures. The rates correlate satisfactorily withHammett's relationship. The reaction constant ρ was −3.3 for electron releasing substituents and −0.25 for electron withdrawing groups at 35°C. The activation parameters ΔH #, ΔS #, ΔG #, and logA were derived. ΔH # and ΔS # are linearly related, and an isokinetic relationship is observed with β=166.7K, indicating entropy as a controlling factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of oxidation of aliphatic ketones (acetone, ethyl methyl ketone and diethyl ketone) by chloramine-T in presence of hydrochloric acid (0.1 to 0.3M) have been investigated at 30 °C. The rate of disappearance of chloramine-T has been found to be first order each with respect to oxidant, ketone and [H+], in the range of the acid concentrations studied. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters have been evaluated by determining the rate constants at different temperatures. The products of the reaction have been identified as chloroketones by their NMR spectra. The solvent isotope effect has been studied in the case of the oxidation of acetone and ethyl methyl ketone. A mechanism has been proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 110 (1979), S. 157-165 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: α-Amino acids ; Isotope effect ; Kinetic ; Mechanism ; Oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Oxidation von Glycin und Valin mit Chloramin-T in Salzsäure wurde untersucht. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante des Wegreagierens von Chloramin-T zeigt eine Abhängigkeit erster Ordnung sowohl von Chloramin-T als auch von der Aminosäure und ist invers erster Ordnung bezüglich [H+]. Der Lösungsmittel-Isotopeneffekt wurde mit D2O untersucht. Es wurden die kinetischen Parameter,E a , derArrhenius-FaktorA, ≠H ≠, ΔS ≠ und ΔG ≠, bestimmt. Ein Mechanismus, der in Übereinstimmung mit den experimentenllen Daten ist, wird vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of oxidation of glycine and valine by chloramine-T in hydrochloric acid medium has been studied. The rate of disappearance of chloramine-T shows a first order dependence on both chloramine-T and the amino acid, and an inverse first order with respect to [H+]. The solvent isotope effect was studied using heavy water. The kinetic parameters,E a ,Arrhenius factorA, ΔH ≠ and ΔS ≠ and ΔG ≠ have been calculated. A rate law in agreement with experimental results has been derived. A mechanism is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 9 (1996), S. 279-286 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the oxidation of six substituted phenethyl alcohols by sodium N-chlorobenzenesulphonamide or chloramine-B (CAB) in the presence of HCl was studied at 35°C. The rate shows a first order dependence on [CAB]0 and [H+] and is of fractional order in [PEA]0 and [Cl-]. Ionic strength variations, addition of the reaction product of benzenesulphonamide and variation of the dielectric constant of the medium have no effect on the rate. The solvent isotope effect k1H2O/k1D2O ≅ 0·78. Proton inventory studies were made in H2O-D2O mixtures. The rates correlate satisfactorily with Hammett's LFER. The reaction constant ρ was -3·5 for electron-releasing substituents and -0·30 for electron withdrawing groups at 35°C. Activation parameters ΔH
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 159-166 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: diphenylmethanols ; chloramine-B ; oxidation ; kinetics, HCl medium ; ruthenium(III) ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ---The kinetics of oxidation of six para-substituted diphenylmethanols (Y-DPM, where Y=H, Cl, Br, NO2, CH3 and OCH3) by sodium N-chlorobenzenesulphonamide [chloramine-B (CAB)] in the presence of HCl and catalysed by RuCl3 in 30% (v/v) methanol medium was studied at 35 °C. The experimental rate law is rate=k′[CAB]0[DPM]x0[RuCl3]y[H+]z, where x, y and z are fractions. Addition of reaction product, benzenesulphonamide (BSA), retards the reaction. An increase in the dielectic constant of the medium decreases the rate. Rate studies in D2O medium showed that the solvent isotope effect k′(H2O)/k′(D2O)=0·53. Proton inventory studies were carried out using H2O-D2O mixtures. The rates correlate satisfactorily with the Hammett σ relationship and the plot is biphasic. The reaction constant ρ is -2·8 for electron-releasing groups and -0·31 for electron-withdrawing groups at 35 °C. The activation parameters ΔH
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 9 (1996), S. 439-446 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the oxidation of six substituted phenethyl alcohols by sodium N-chlorobenzenesulphonamide or chloramine-B (CAB) in the presence of HCl was studied at 35°C. The rate shows a first-order dependence on [CAB]0 and [H+] and is fractional order in [PEA]0 and [Cl-]. Ionic strength variations, addition of reaction product of benzenesulphonamide and variation of the dielectric constant of the medium have no effect on the rate. The solvent isotope effect k1H2O/k1D2O ≅ 0·78. Proton inventory studies were made in H2O-D2O mixtures. The rates correlate satisfactorily with the Hammett linear free energy relationship. The reaction constant ρ was -3 · 5 for electron-releasing and -0·30 for electron-withdrawing groups at 35°C. Activation parameters ΔH*, ΔS*, ΔG* and log A were calculated for the reaction. An isokinetic relationship is observed with β = 338 K, indicating enthalpy as a controlling factor.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 261-273 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by chloramine-T (CAT) is studied in HClO4 and NaOH media with OsO4 as a catalyst in the latter medium. In acid medium, the rate law is -d [CAT]/dt = k [CAT][DMSO][H+]. Alkali retards the reaction and the rate law takes the form -d [CAT]/dt = k [CAT][DMSO][OsO4]/[NaOH], but is reduced to -d [CAT]/dt = k [CAT][DMSO] at higher alkali concentrations. The reaction is subjected to changes in (a) ionic strength, (b) concentrations of added neutral salts, (c) concentrations of added reaction product, (d) dielectric constant, and (e) solvent isotope effect, and the subsequent effects on the reaction rate are studied.The reaction mechanism in acid medium assumes an electrophilic attack by the free acid RNHCl (CAT′) at the sulfur site in DMSO, forming a reaction intermediate which subsequently decomposes to dimethyl sulfone on hydrolysis. Formation of a cyclic complex between RNHCl and OsO4 which interacts with the substrate in a slow step explains the observed results in alkaline medium. The simplification of the rate equation at higher alkali concentrations is attributed to a direct reaction between chloramine-T and the substrate.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 28 (1996), S. 873-878 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of oxidation of the aliphatic primary amines, n-propylamine, n-butylamine, and isoamylamine, by sodium N-bromobenzenesulfonamide or bromamine-B (BAB) in sodium hydroxide medium has been studied at 35° C. The reaction rate shows a first-order dependence each on [BAB] and [amine], and fractional order on [OH-]. Additions of halide ions and the reduction product of BAB (benzenesulfonamide), and variation of ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium do not have any significant effect on the reaction rate. Activation parameters have been evaluated. A Taft linear free-energy relationship is observed for the reaction with ρ* = -3.0 and δ = - 2.0 indicating that electron-donating groups enhance the rate. An isokinetic relationship is observed with β = 393 K indicating that enthalpy factors control the rate. The existence of the relationship has been supported by the Exner criterion. Mechanisms consistent with the observed kinetic data have been proposed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 29 (1997), S. 773-780 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of oxidation of benzhydrol and its p-substituted derivatives (YBH, where Y=H, Cl, Br, NO2, CH3, and OCH3) by sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide or chloramine-T (CAT), catalyzed by ruthenium(III) chloride, in the presence of hydrochloric acid in 30% (v/v) MeOH medium has been studied at 35°C. The reaction rate shows a first-order dependence on [CAT]O and a fractional-order each on [ YBH]O, [Ru(III)], and [H+]. The reaction also has a negative fractional-order (-0.35) behavior in the reduction product of CAT, p-toluenesulfonamide (PTS). The increase in MeOH content of the solvent medium retards the rate. The variation of ionic strength of the medium has negligible effect on the rate. Rate studies in D2O medium show that the solvent isotope effect, k′H2O/k′D2O, is equal to 0.60. Proton inventory studies have been made in H2O(SINGLEBOND)D2O mixtures. The rates correlate satisfactorily with Hammett σ relationship. The LFE relationship plot is biphasic and the reaction constant ρ=-2.3 for electron donating groups and ρ=-0.32 for electron withdrawing groups at 35°C. Activation parameters ΔH≠, ΔS≠, and ΔG≠ have been calculated. The parameters, ΔH≠ and ΔS≠, are linearly related with an isokinetic temperature β=334 K indicating enthalpy as a controlling factor. A mechanism consistent with the observed kinetics has been proposed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 27 (1995), S. 663-674 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oxidations of indigocarmine (IC) by chloramine-T (CAT) and aqueous chlorine (HOCl) in acidic buffer media, pH 2-6, have been kinetically studied at 30°C using spectrophotometry. The CAT reaction rate shows a first-order dependence on [IC]0 and an inverse fractional order on [p-toluenesulfonamide]. The effect of [CAT] on the rate is strongly pH dependent with a variable order of 1-2 on [CAT]0 in the pH range 6-2. The chlorine reaction rate follows first-order in [IC]0 and [HOCl]0 each in the pH range 6-2. Addition of halide ions and variation of ionic strength of the medium have no influence on the reaction rate. There is a negative effect of dielectric constant of the solvent. The kinetics of the IC oxidation with CAT at pH 6 and of that with HOCl at pHs 2-6 are similar suggesting similarity in their rate determining steps. A two-pathway mechanism for the CAT reaction and a one-pathway mechanism for the HOCl reaction, consistent with the kinetic data, have been proposed. Activation parameters have been calculated using the Arrhenius and Erying plots. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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