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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Einsetzen der Konvektion in einer horizontalen von unten gekühlten Wasserschicht im Temperaturbereich 0°C bis 20°C wird analytisch und experimentell untersucht. Die, für verschiedene Randbedingungen an den beiden Begrenzungsflächen, berechneten Stabilitätsgrenzen werden durch drei Parameter, die Rayleigh-Zahl Ra, die Nichtlinearitat N und die Biot-Zahl Bi vollstandig beschrieben. Die Nichtlinearitat N ist ein Maß für die Abweichung des tatsachlichen Dichteverlaufs von einem der Temperatur proportionalen Dichteverlauf, wie er beim klassischen “Bénard-Problem” vorliegt. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse stimmen mit den berechneten Werten sehr gut überein.
    Notes: Abstract The onset of convection was analytically and experimentally investigated for a horizontal water layer cooled from below. The water temperature varied from 0°C to 20°C. The neutral stability curves, predicted for different boundary conditions, are described by three parameters, the Rayleigh-Number Ra, the Nonlinearity N and the Biot-Number Bi. The Nonlinearity N considers the deviation of the real density-distribution from a linear distribution, the case of the well known Benard-problem. The experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 17 (1991), S. 40-44 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Septic shock ; Lipid peroxidation ; Alphatocopherol ; Selenium ; Oxygen free radicals ; Outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to assess if an oxidant/antioxidant imaalance is involved in human septic shock and its outcome, we measured plasma levels of the lipid peroxides malondialdehyde—as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance—conjugated dienes and fluorescent products, together with the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium in 12 patients with septic shock and compared them with values of normal controls. At first measurements, malondialdehyde (median 3.9 μmol/l; range 2–38.8) and fluorescent products (median 21.2%; range 9.4–134) were elevated (p〈0.05), alpha-tocopherol (median 15 μmol/l; range 7–25) and selenium (median 0.76 μg/ml; range 0.49–1.09) were depressed (p〈0.05). Conjugated dienes and glutathione peroxidase activity were in the normal range. In non-survivors (n=5) initial levels of malondialdehyde and fluorescent products (median 11 versus 3.1 μmol/l; 74 versus 135 respectively) were higher than in survivors (p〈0.05) and initial selenium levels were lower (median 0.58 versus 0.92 μg/l;p〈0.05). These results are consistent with the concept that an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance—as indicated by elevated plasma lipid peroxides and depressed antioxidants—is involved in human septic shock and a fatal outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Verhalten axisymmetrischer, laminarer und inkompressibler Freistrahlen mit und ohne Auftrieb in einer homogenen Umgebung wird experimentell und numerisch untersucht. Die dazu erstellte Versuchsanlage wird kurz beschrieben. Charakteristische Grö\en von Fluidstrahlen ohne Auftrieb lassen sich unter Beachtung der beschreibenden Kenngrö\en parameterfrei darstellen. Auftriebsbehaftete Fluidstrahlen werden durch drei Parameter, die Reynoldszahl, die Grashofzahl und die Prandtlzahl vollständig beschrieben. Die Einflüsse der einzelnen Grö\en werden anhand der numerischen Lösung diskutiert, welche ihrerseits mit asymptotischen Verfahren kontrolliert wird. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse stimmen mit den berechneten Werten sehr gut überein. Die Versuche zur Stabilität laminarer Strahlen lassen sich gut mit einem Impulsstromparameter korrelieren.
    Notes: Abstract Axisymmetrical, laminar and incompressible jets with and without buoyancy in homogeneous surroundings are investigated experimentally and numerically. The experimental set up is described. Characteristics of jets without buoyancy are presented in a parameterless form. Buoyancy — induced jets are completely determined by three parameters, the Reynolds-Number, the Grashof-Number and the Prandtl-Number. The influence of the characteristic numbers to the numerical solution is discussed. On the other hand this result is controlled by analytical solutions. The experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values. The experiments for stability of laminar jets are correlated with a parameter of momentum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 25 (1990), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Kurzfassung Bei freien Grenzflächen spielt die thermokapillare Konvektion eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Rolle auf den Wärmetransport. In zwei Experimenten wird deren Einfluß aufgezeigt. In Silikonölen verschiedener Viskosität mit thermisch stabiler Schichtung werden Luftblasen eingebracht und das durch die thermokapillaren Kräfte gegen den Auftrieb erzeugte Geschwindigkeitsfeld vermessen. In einem zweiten Experiment wird die Erhöhung des Wärmeübergangs durch eine Luftblase an einem beheizten Draht gemessen. Trotz kleiner Berührungsfläche kann der Wärmeübergang gegenüber dem Draht ohne Blase verdoppelt werden, was der zusätzlichen Marangoni-Konvektion zuzuschreiben ist. In Wasser wurde dieser Effekt nicht beobachtet, hier wurde durch die Luftblase der Wärmeübergang um 30% reduziert.
    Notes: Abstract The thermocapillary convection on free surfaces is an important mechanism for heat transfer, it is demonstrated in two experiments. Silicon-oil of various viscosity is used as experimental liquid. In the thermal stable stratified liquid air bubbles were injected. Around the bubbles velocity profiles, induced by the thermocapillary force against the buoyancy force were measured. In the second experiment the enhancement of heat transfer induced by air bubbles touching a heated wire is investigated in various liquids. In spite of the small contact area between the bubble and the wire the increase of heat transfer was more than twice of the wire without bubble which is attributed to the Marangoni convection. Using water this enhancement could not be observed. At the bubble the free convection from the wire was hindered and the heat reduced by 30%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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